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Biomedical subjects

G T Rodeheaver

Publications and source records attributed to G T Rodeheaver.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Evaluation of surgical tapes for wound closure.

The performance of four wound closure tapes was evaluated by a series of standardized tests. The tapes examined in this study were a nonwoven microporous tape, a nonwoven microporous reinforced tape, a gauze tape, and a polyurethane tape. The performance of these tapes was assessed by measuring their breaking strength, degree of elongation under loading, adhesion to skin, air and water vapor transmission, and bacterial growth under the tape. On the basis of these in vitro and in vivo studies, the nonwoven microporous tape is recommended for skin closure. This tape has a nonwoven microporous structure with an adhesive that aggressively adheres to the underlying skin. It is strong enough to resist breakage during clinical use and elongates sufficiently to prevent blister formation. Its microporous structure permits rapid air transmission in vitro and results in an environment that is antithetical to bacterial growth.

Air↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of a new, improved surgical drainage system.

A new, improved drainage system has been specifically designed to provide either closed suction drainage for the ambulating patient or sump drainage for the patient confined to bed. This drainage system is made of silicone that has a hydrogel coating with a low coefficient of friction. This coating facilitates removal of the drain from the wound cavity and reduces the adherence of blood clots in the drainage system. A filter assembly is attached to the air vent lumen to remove particulate matter and bacteria from the air. Clinical evaluation of the filtered sump drainage system has confirmed its superiority over closed suction in its efficiency of removing fluids from the wound.

Drainage↗
PubMed1984

Surgical cautery revisited.

A new hemostatic scalpel has been developed to control bleeding between the cut edges of wound tissue. The scalpel blade resembles conventional scalpel blades, except that it can be heated and its temperature controlled within narrow limits. Cutting is accomplished by the blade's sharp edges, and hemostasis results from the direct transfer of heat from the blade to the tissue. This experimental study has demonstrated that the hemostatic effect of the scalpel is associated with damage to the tissue's defenses against infection and impaired wound healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of a new hydrogel coating for drainage tubes.

The performance of silicone drains has been improved by coating their surfaces with a hydrogel polymer. This hydrogel is formed by reacting polyvinylpyrrolidone with an isocyanate prepolymer. By absorbing water, the hydrogel creates a drain surface with a low coefficient of friction. The results of this experimental study demonstrate that the surface coating reduces the adherence of blood clots to the drain and facilitates its removal from the wound. On the basis of these and other experiments, the Food and Drug Administration has allowed the use of hydrogel for coating surgical drains for use in patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Bacteriologic evaluation of electric clippers for surgical hair removal.

Clipper blade assemblies for electric clippers used repeatedly without sterilization demonstrated high levels of bacterial contaminations that are potential sources of infection. A technique of sterilization of the clipper blade has been reported that eliminates the exogenous bacterial contamination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Search for a nontoxic surgical scrub solution for periorbital lacerations.

The purpose of this study was to identify a skin wound cleanser that could be used safely to cleanse lacerations of the periorbital region. The irritation and toxicity to the eye of the commercially available skin wound cleansers were quantitated using numerical values and weights for the ocular lesions in experimental animals. Shur Clens did not elicit lesions in experimental animals or in a series of 20 patients with periorbital lacerations. On the basis of this study, Shur Clens is recommended as a safe skin wound cleanser for periorbital lacerations.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Puncture wounds.

Puncture wounds are common and challenging problems facing the physician. In general, puncture wounds can be classified into two distinct types. In one type a child usually sustains a puncture wound of the foot. The other group of puncture wounds occurs among hospital employees. These seemingly innocuous injuries may have serious sequelae that can be averted by prompt appropriate care of the wound. The fundamental trends of treatment of puncture wounds include cleansing the wound, debridement of any necrotic or devitalized tissue, and appropriate immunoprophylaxis.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1983

Biocidal braided sutures.

Once sutures become contaminated it is difficult for local tissue defenses or antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria and prevent infection. Impregnation of sutures with antibiotics before implantation is one way to prevent bacterial seeding of the suture surface. In this study, braided silk and Dacron sutures were impregnated with the antibiotic complex, neomycin palmitate. Using our standard wound model in the mouse, the efficacy of these biocidal sutures was determined in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Implantation of these biocidal sutures into tissue contaminated with 10(7) organisms resulted in substantially decreased numbers of bacteria as compared with that of tissue receiving control sutures. In most cases, the tissue bacterial counts in the presence of biocidal sutures were also considerably lower than that for similarly contaminated tissue without a suture. Consequently, the presence of the neomycin palmitate eliminated the infection-potentiating effect of the suture. The therapeutic benefit of the biocidal sutures was related to the dose of antibiotic complex and was not adversely affected by delaying suture implantation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Knotting and handling characteristics of coated synthetic absorbable sutures.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knotting and handling characteristics of the new coated synthetic absorbable sutures. When compared to the coated polyglactin 910 sutures, the coated polyglycolic acid sutures displayed a lower coefficient of friction, encountered less tissue drag forces, and exhibited less flexural rigidity. In the case of sizes O, 2-O, and 3-O coated polyglycolic sutures, knot security was achieved with one less throw than with similar sizes of coated polyglactin 910 sutures. On the basis of these comprehensive mechanical performance tests, the knotting and handling characteristics of the coated polyglycolic acid sutures were judged to be superior to that of the coated polyglactin 910 sutures.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Mechanical performance of wound closure tapes.

On the basis of these in vitro and in vivo studies, Shur-Strips are recommended for wound closure. These tapes have a non-woven microporous structure with an adhesive that aggressively bonds to underlying skin. The level of adhesion of Shur-Strips to the skin can be enhanced by adhesive adjuncts. Shur-Strips are strong enough to resist breakage during clinical use and elongate sufficiently to prevent blister formation. The microporous structure of Shur-Strips permits rapid air transmission even when wet.

Bandages↗
PubMed1983

Treatment of experimental brain abscess with penicillin and chloramphenicol.

Recent reports have indicated that antibiotic therapy alone may be successful in resolving brain abscesses. We utilized an animal model of brain abscess to evaluate the efficacy of penicillin with and without chloramphenicol in preventing the development of brain abscess. When penicillin therapy was initiated at the time of bacterial contamination and continued for four days, the bacteria were eliminated. When therapy was delayed for 24 hr, the number of bacteria in brain tissue samples was significantly reduced, but all samples still contained bacteria. When therapy was delayed for 48 hr, there was no therapeutic benefit. Addition of chloramphenicol to each of these regimens did not significantly alter the results. Extending the duration of therapy to eight days provided no improvement over the results obtained after four days.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Susceptibility of brain to aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal organisms.

The utility of an experimental animal model is dependent on its ability to simulate the actual clinical situation. With a stereotaxic injection procedure, the susceptibility of rat brain to the spectrum of organisms commonly associated with human brain abscess was determined. Two strains of Escherichia coli were more infective than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Even between the E. coli strains it was possible to document significant differences in degree of infectivity. The E. coli strain with the K-1 capsular polysaccharide was significantly more infective than the E. coli strain without the capsular polysaccharide. The brain was also susceptible to Candida albicans, but at a level higher than any of the aerobic bacteria examined. Brain infection could not be created when microaerophilic or obligately anaerobic organisms alone were injected.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mammalian bites.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A new model of bone infection used to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate cement.

An animal model of bone infection was designed for evaluation of the benefits of adding antibiotics to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement. Femora of New Zealand albino rabbits were exposed at the knee; the medullary canals were entered and the contents aspirated. A known number of bacteria was added to each femur before it was filled with either normal Surgical Simplex P bone cement or Surgical Simplex P antibiotic bone cement. The presence or absence of bone infection was documented by quantitative bacteriologic, roentgenographic, and histologic techniques. Simplex antibiotic bone cement prevented infection, even in the presence of 10(7) bacteria. The effectiveness of the antibiotic bone cement was correlated with the rapid release of high levels of erythromycin (14.1 micrograms/g) and colistin (11.3 micrograms/g) specifically at the site of bacterial contamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Polyethylene glycol intoxication in burn patients.

Unexplained increases in the anion gaps and serum osmolalities were observed in 3 burn patients who died following treatment with a polyethylene glycol-based burn cream. Toxicity due to absorption of polyethylene glycol was suspected after other causes had been excluded. Ethylene glycol was found in the circulation and the 3 patients died in acute renal failure. All the patients were acidotic with increased anion and osmolal gaps. This syndrome was similar to the more common poisoning with ethylene glycol but also included an increased serum calcium with a concomitant decrease in the ionized calcium. The cause of this high 'calcium gap' appeared to be binding of calcium by dicarboxylic acid metabolites of polyethylene glycol. These findings were the same as those found in rabbits treated with polyethylene glycol.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1982

Damage to tissue defenses by a topical anesthetic agent.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a topical application of a solution containing 0.5% tetracaine, 1:2,000 epinephrine, and 11.9% cocaine on the wound's ability to resist infection. In this experimental study, this solution potentiated the development of wound infection. This effect can be explained by its vasoconstrictive action limiting access of the cellular defenses to the bacteria on the wound surface.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Skull growth after coronal suturectomy, periostectomy, and dural transection.

Using radiocephalometric procedures, the authors examined the separate effects of suturectomy, periostectomy, and dural transection on the growing skull in young rabbits. When the coronal suture was surgically removed during normal growth, The freed frontal and parietal bones separated at a significantly accelerated rate. No accelerated separation was found when only the overlying periosteum and aponeurosis were transected. Furthermore, no additional separation was observed when the dura mater and falx cerebri were transected following suturectomy. Analysis of growth at the adjacent frontonasal and anterior lambdoid sutures suggested that the accelerated separation of bones after suturectomy was compensated for by reduced growth at these adjacent sutures. The result of these compensatory actions was that the total length of the skull remained unchanged. This study not only supports earlier observations that sutures grow in response to extrinsic separative forces but, significantly, that the suture tissue itself, rather than the dura or pericranium, acts as a restraint during normal translatory growth.

Animals↗