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Biomedical subjects

G Stricker

Publications and source records attributed to G Stricker.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

The moderating effect of aggressive problem behaviors in the generation of more positive attitudes toward nursing home residents.

This study examined the ability of a social history intervention to generate more positive attitudes toward nursing home patients, and to increase staff members' perceived rewards of care-giving. In contrast to prior studies, residents' problem behaviors were examined as potential moderators in the relationship. Forty-three staff members participated in an experimental, 3 (informational condition: social history, medical, control) x 2 (time: pre-test, post-test) within-subjects factorial design that employed newly admitted residents as target patients. Findings showed that the social history intervention alone did not generate more positive attitudes toward patients or greater rewards of care-giving. Although a larger proportion of target patients manifested other problem behaviors with greater frequently, only aggressive problem behavior was associated with more negative attitudes toward patients. A post-hoc analysis revealed that after statistically controlling for the impact of patients' aggressive behavior, the social history information appeared to allow staff members to maintain more neutral attitudes toward patients. Considerations for the use of social history information in long-term care settings are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Introduction: Listening to the Voice of the C/S/X: Consumer/Survivor/Expatient.

People who are receiving services for professionally diagnosed psychological disabilities often are not consulted about the nature of those services, or their willingness to participate in them. This issue of the journal presents the autobiographical accounts of four such people, followed by commentaries about those accounts by three professional service-givers. This collection emphasizes the need to obtain informed consent for any psychological services that are offered, for ethical, humane, and professional reasons.

Caregivers↗
PubMed1998

Becoming a grandparent: a longitudinal study of expectations and early experiences as a function of sex and lineage.

First-time grandparents (N = 152) participated in a study of expectations of grandparenthood while their first grandchild was still in utero. One to 2 years after their first grandchild was born, they were asked to fill out the Thomas (1990) grandparent questionnaire again, and 103 did so. Expectations and experiences of grandparenthood were compared separating grandparents by sex and by lineage. Expectations and experiences of grandparenthood differed by both grandparent sex and lineage. In particular, grandmothers reported greater satisfaction and overall meaning in grandparenthood than grandfathers, whereas grandfathers felt more able to offer child-rearing advice to the parents. In regard to lineage, maternal grandparents were more satisfied in grandparenthood than they expected to be, whereas paternal grandparents were not.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The immunomodulatory effects of antibiotics: in vitro and ex vivo investigations of 21 substances by means of the lymphocyte transformation test.

Besides their antimicrobial activity antibiotics can modulate immune response. The paper provides original data about in vitro and in vivo influence of antibiotics on lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and gives a comprehensive overview of literature data. In the study presented here the influence of several antimicrobial substances on unstimulated and PHA-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was investigated. The proliferative response was measured as (3H) thymidine uptake by lymphocytes. For initial screening the lymphocyte transformation test was performed on murine lymphocytes in vitro. As a whole 21 antimicrobial substances were tested including representative substances of the most important main groups. As a second step experiments were done with selected substances on human lymphocytes that had shown a distinct influence on murine cells in vitro. At therapeutic concentrations a pronounced stimulation of murine lymphocyte transformation was caused by carbapenems, aminothiazole cephalosporins and imidazoles. Purine analogs had only suppressive effects. However, the increased (3H) thymidine uptake in murine cells could not be regularly reproduced in human lymphocytes and in ex vivo experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The local clinical scientist. A bridge between science and practice.

The local clinical scientist brings the attitudes and knowledge base of the scientist to bear on the problems that must be addressed by the clinician in the consulting room. The problems of inadequate generalizability are reduced by a recognition of the value of local observations and local solutions to problems. However, these observations and solutions benefit by the scientific attitude of the clinician and are subjected to the same need for verifiability that greets all scientific enterprises. The clinical setting is viewed as analogous to a scientific laboratory, and, by doing so, the scientist-practitioner model is enacted.

Communication↗
PubMed1994

A linkage of knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality: not necessarily a uniform relationship.

A critical review of the literature regarding individuals' knowledge and their attitudes toward elderly sexuality is presented. A generally positive relationship was discovered between various age cohorts' depth of knowledge and their permissiveness of attitudes. However, some health care providers demonstrated a negative relationship between their knowledge and attitudes. In future studies, the use of a moderator methodology, rather than seeking a uniform relationship, appears essential in order to understand discrepant findings.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Ethical concerns in alcohol research.

Jacob, Krahn, & Leonard (1991) present a study that raises a number of ethical issues. The methodology creates a conflict between the avoidance of endangerment and informed consent. The weight ordinarily given to properly received informed consent is reduced by the presence of mildly coercive experimental conditions. Furthermore, the failure of the authors to address these issues in the published report is an additional source of concern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Influences of "normal" and "prudent" diets on biliary and serum lipids in healthy women.

The differential effect of two diets, taken in synchrony with the menstrual cycles for 2 wk each, on serum and bile lipids was investigated in young healthy women. The "normal" diet was high in cholesterol and total fat, and low in polyunsaturated fat and fiber; the "prudent" diet contained a high proportion of polyunsaturated fat and fiber, but was low in cholesterol and total fat; there was little difference in energy content. Both in whole serum and in low-density lipoprotein the concentrations of cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were almost 30% lower with the "prudent" than with the "normal" diet; HDL-cholesterol was 16.3% lower. Triglycerides were increased, only in the very-low-density lipoproteins while cholesterol and apolipoprotein B did not change much in this fraction. The risk to acquire cholesterol gallstones was not less with the use of the "prudent" diet as originally expected. While using the "prudent" diet five of the women had slightly higher lithogenic indices, in two there were much higher values (greater than 25%), and only in three the lithogenic index was unchanged or slightly lower than with the "normal" diet.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Psychological assessment and Miranda rights.

The Supreme Court has indicated that a criminal defendant must be advised of the right to remain silent and to be represented by an attorney, and a confession is ruled inadmissible if it is obtained without the knowledge of those rights. A psychologist may be placed in a position of being asked to advise the court as to the defendant's ability to comprehend and knowingly waive these rights. Three brief cases are presented in which meaningful comprehension was the issue, and a description is provided of the approach taken to responding to the question raised.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Mental health quality assurance. Development of the American Psychological Association/CHAMPUS program.

In this article, quality assurance efforts in the field of mental health are discussed, especially concerning the reviews of outpatient clinical services. The recently established American Psychological Association APA/CHAMPUS program is described in detail, a national program of peer review that is illustrative of the major conceptual and professional issues inherent in the mental health quality assurance process. Throughout the article, comparisons are made between quality assurance in the medicine and mental health fields.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1979

Psychosocial aspects of craniofacial disfigurement. A "State of the Art" assessment conducted by the Craniofacial Anomalies Program Branch, The National Institute of Dental Research.

The psychosocial sequelae of craniofacial disfigurement may have as great an impact on the patient as the strictly physical aspects of the problem. Very little systematic work has been focused directly on these effects. The following broad recommendations would constitute initial research steps in this field: Development of satisfactory measures of physical attractiveness and their use in studies to explore the role of craniofacial features in over-all physical attractiveness. The establishment of valid metrics for assessing the severity of craniofacial anomalies through the use of both physiologic and behavioral measures, thus constructing a broader definition of what constitutes a craniofacial handicap. Studies of the relationships among physiologic and behavioral variables using recently developed statistical techniques and computer methods to determine the psychosocial consequences of craniofacial disfigurement. Studies of the process through which persons with various types of malocclusion decide to seek and complete treatment. The studies would include the patients' demographic characteristics, self-perceptions, perceptions of them by others, and the complex patient-clinician interactions during the treatment programs.

Body Image↗
PubMed1978

Personality assessment and insurance reimbursement.

A contract between APA and OCHAMPUS has committed APA to developing a national peer review capability for the review of out-patient psychological services. This paper describes the review criteria which apply to personality assessment and psychological testing.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Further comments on criteria for reimbursement for psychological assessments.

Bruhn (1978) has offered some comments about criteria for CHAMPUS reimbursement. These criteria are CHAMPUS-specific and subject to modification for other health plans. Deviations are subject to peer review and may be approved for reimbursement. Expert opinion is widely solicited to justify the criteria.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Patients' attitudes toward gynecologic examination and to gynecologists.

A self-administered questionnaire exploring attitudes to gynecologic examination and gynecologists was completed by 409 female patients. Contrary to public statements of some consumer groups, overall results revealed predominantly favorable attitudes to both examination and gynecologists. However, a number of specific criticisms were found. Subjects reported problems with component parts of the gynecologic examination. The traditional lithotomy position and breast examination were the most difficult aspects of the examination emotionally. Speculum insertion was the most uncomfortable part physically. Of the respondents, 10.8 per cent never had had a rectal examination. Many subjects were dissatisfied with gynecologists' understanding of women's psychological and sexual problems. The importance of physicians becoming better informed about female psychology and sexuality, and adapting to women's changing needs is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Factors related to the preference for a female gynecologist.

Four hundred and nine female patients of both male and female physicians completed a self-administered questionnaire exploring their attitudes and practices regarding gynecologists and gynecological examinations. Responses to the question "Would you prefer a woman gynecologist?" divided the sample into three groups: those responding "yes" (33.9 percent); those responding "no" (19.3 percent); and those responding "no difference" (36.2 percent). Results revealed that patients who preferred female gynecologists were most likely to find gynecological examinations difficult and to be critical of gynecololgists' understanding of women's psychological and sexual problems. A subsample of patients in psychotherapy was especially apt to prefer female gynecologists. The "no difference" group had the most positive attitudes towards gynecological examinations and gynecologists. Demographic differences were insignificant. The importance of judging a gynecologist's competence without sexual bias, of re-evaluating stereotypes of women physicians, and of increasing the proportion of women in gynecology is stressed.

Adult↗