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G Stranzinger

Publications and source records attributed to G Stranzinger.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Genes specifying receptors for F18 fimbriated Escherichia coli, causing oedema disease and postweaning diarrhoea in pigs, map to chromosome 6.

The study comprised 236 pigs selected for resistance or susceptibility to oedema disease. The susceptibility to colonization of the small intestine by an Escherichia coli strain causing oedema disease was determined: (1) by monitoring faecal excretion of weaned pigs orally inoculated with E. coli strain O139:K12(B):H1:F18ab serotype; and (2) by an in vitro adhesion assay using an F18ab positive E. coli strain and small intestinal enterocyte preparations. Susceptibility to adhesion by these bacteria was shown to be controlled by a dominant (B) allele of the ECF18R locus and resistance by the alternative recessive allele (b). Pigs were typed for 14 blood group systems, 11 biochemical polymorphisms and the polymorphism at nucleotide 1843 of the RYR1 locus. Linkage was demonstrated between the locus for F18 E. coli receptors and the loci S, RYR1, GPI, EAH, A1BG and PGD (Z > 20). The most likely gene orders are: S-ECF18R-RYR1-GPI-PGD or GPI-RYR1-ECF18R-S-PGD. The recombination frequencies between ECF18R-S and ECF18R-RYR1 were estimated to be theta = 0.5% and 3.1%, respectively.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1996

[Recent perceptions about chromosome pairing in meiosis].

Recent results from meiotic research in animals are presented with emphasis on the pairing behaviour of autosomes und sex chromosomes. Synaptonemal complex preparations were primarily utilized, that allowed observations of the pairing behaviour of the sex chromosomes is quite remarkable. The structure and function of the synaptonemal complex is discussed and the localization of the pseudo autosomal region on the sex chromosomes is described.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Features of the DNA fingerprinting probe pITZ1.

Stringently controlled plasmids generate DNA fingerprint patterns in mammals when used at low hybridization temperatures. In order to develop a probe for use in paternity testing in cattle we screened a bovine, partial genomic plasmid library with the PCR-amplified ori region of plasmid P1. Of eight isolated clones one generated strong band patterns at high stringency in various mammalian species (data not shown). Sequence analysis revealed an imperfect, compound dinucleotide repeat region, which was PCR-amplified and cloned into the plasmid vector pUC19. Fingerprint results generated by this probe (termed pITZ1) in cattle are compared with the results generated by VNTR-probe pV47, which itself was developed by screening a human chromosome 16 library with tandem repeats of bacteriophage M13. Probe pITZ1 is useful in conjunction with other VNTR-probes for DNA fingerprinting in cattle and donkey populations. The dinucleotide repeat region responsible for the band patterns generated with pITZ1 is close to an Alu-like sequence, which may be involved in eukaryotic replication mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A polymorphism in randomly amplified DNA that differentiates the Y chromosomes of Bos indicus and Bos taurus.

A small number of west African Bos taurus cattle breeds, including the N'Dama, constitute a valuable genetic resource by virtue of their ability to remain productive under trypanosomiasis challenge. However, introgression of Bos indicus genes into the trypanotolerant breeds, particularly by introduction of zebu bulls, is a threat to this resource. This work describes the characterization and cloning of a bovine randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) that is generated in polymorphic DNA (RAPD) that is generated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the 10 base primer ILO1065 from Bos indicus male templates, but not from B. taurus male templates or female templates of either type. Male-specific sequences with homology to the RAPD also occur in B. taurus breeds. This suggests that the polymorphism may be due to base substitution(s) in an ILO1065 priming site, or insertion/deletion events either affecting priming sites or occurring between sites on the cattle Y chromosome. We have shown that cattle, whether of B. indicus or B. taurus phenotype, which possess a typically B. indicus metaphase Y chromosome on the basis of QFQ banding, have a B. indicus ILO1065-generated genotype. The ILO1065-primed RAPD can be used in a simple dot blot assay as a probe of RAPD-PCR products, to provide a convenient, reliable and effective means of detecting introgression of zebu genes in B. taurus cattle populations.

Africa, Western↗
PubMed1994

Cumulus and oocyte maturation and in vitro and in vivo fertilization of oocytes in relation to follicular steroids, prolactin, and glycosaminoglycans throughout the estrous period in superovulated heifers with a normal LH surge, no detectable LH surge, and progestin inhibition of LH surge.

Crossbred heifers (n = 103) were synchronized to estrus with prostaglandin (PGF2 alpha) and superovulated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P). Animals were ovariectomized every 12 hr after the PGF2 alpha injection (n = 7 to 9/time) up to 108 hr to monitor the follicular, hormonal, and oocyte changes associated with follicular development and ovulation. Twenty-eight animals were implanted with Norgestomet implants 12 hr before PGF2 alpha and ovariectomized at 72, 84, 96, and 108 hr post PGF2 alpha injection to monitor effects of progesterone and suppression of the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge on oocyte maturation and quality. Follicular fluid was collected and analyzed for progesterone, estradiol, prolactin, and glycosaminoglycan content in conjunction with cumulus maturation and nuclear stage of oocyte maturation. Analysis of in vivo matured oocytes by in vitro fertilization was carried out at 60, 72, 84, and 96 hr post PGF2 alpha and in vitro matured oocytes at 12 to 108 hr post PGF2 alpha. No developmental changes in cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte of small follicles was noted (< or = 4 mm dia) indicating a static population. Medium (> 4 < or = 8 mm) and large size (> 8 mm) follicles developed to the corona radiata and loose cumulus stages in animals in which an LH surge was detected but cumulus status remained primarily in the tight cumulus stage for animals without an LH surge. The estradiol-to-progesterone ratio for tight cumulus (TC), corona radiata (CR), and loose cumulus (LC) stages was 1.8 +/- .1, 1.0 +/- .1, and .4 +/- .2, respectively (P < .01). Nuclear maturation of oocytes in small follicles from animals without a detectable LH surge seem to indicate early maturation (48 to 72 hr post PGF2 alpha) in conjunction with a high percent of degenerate oocytes not seen in animals exhibiting an LH surge. Oocytes from medium size follicles matured to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and early meiosis (metaphase I; MI) stages of development in all treatments. Most oocytes were degenerate in Norgestomet-implanted animals. Oocytes from large follicles (> 8 mm dia) from animals exhibiting an LH surge were in MI and metaphase II (MII) stages (48 to 84 hr post PGF2 alpha) in preparation of ovulation whereas oocytes from animals not exhibiting an LH surge had oocytes that early matured to MII (48 to 72 hr post PGF2 alpha), later regressing to degenerate oocytes (84 to 108 hr). Follicular progesterone, estradiol, and prolactin increased with oocyte maturation, particularly in medium and large follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Repetitive plasmid sequences generate DNA fingerprinting patterns in mammals.

Bacterial plasmids with stringently regulated copy numbers have directly repeated DNA sequences, termed iterons, in the vicinity of their replication origins. These sequences bind a specific protein exerting a key role in the initiation of plasmid replication. Plasmids P1, pSC101 and RFS1010 have different iteron sequences and belong to three different incompatibility groups. Used as DNA probes each of these plasmids generates specific patterns in mammals similar to those obtained by the DNA fingerprinting technique. The iteron-containing regions were identified as the part of the plasmids responsible for those patterns by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified DNA segments that contained the iteron regions as probes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Co-segregation of the malignant hyperthermia and the Arg615-Cys615 mutation in the skeletal muscle calcium release channel protein in five European Landrace and Pietrain pig breeds.

A total of 392 pigs of European Landrace and Pietrain origin segregating for malignant hyperthermia (MH) were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/restriction endonuclease test for the C-T mutation at nucleotide (nt) 1843 in the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RYR1) gene, earlier identified as the causal mutation for MH. All pigs had been halothane tested and genotyped at linked polymorphic marker loci. There was complete correlation between MH status of the 392 animals, as diagnosed by a combination of the halothane challenge test with S, GPI, H, A1BG, PGD haplotyping, and the DNA-based test. DNA-based detection of the MH status in 238 MH-susceptible heterozygous (N/n) and homozygous (n/n) pigs was shown to be accurate, eliminating the 2% diagnostic error that is associated with the halothane challenge test. The mutation was also associated with an allele of a polymorphic microsatellite (ETH5 001) at the RYR1 locus.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative traits in chicken associated with DNA fingerprint bands.

In an unselected control line of a selection experiment in chicken the following traits were evaluated: number of eggs, average egg weight, egg mass, age at first egg, body weight at 20 weeks, body weight at 40 weeks, feed consumption and feed efficiency (feed consumption/egg mass). Data and blood samples of 143 females of the same age were available for analysis. The animals were ranked for each trait according to the phenotypic performance adjusted for hatch and laying house effect rather than the breeding value. DNA mixes of the top 5 and the bottom 5 hens were compared to each other by DNA fingerprinting. The most striking differences could be observed with the probe pV47 in the mixes for body weight at 20 weeks and the feed efficiency. In the following the study focused on feed efficiency. Five groups of 10 hens each, around quantiles 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, were analyzed with respect to the occurrence of 7 particular DNA fingerprint bands. The association of the groups' mean feed efficiency with the groups' band frequencies was assessed by linear regression. For 2 bands significant regression coefficients (P < 0.005) were found.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

Physically mapped, cosmid-derived microsatellite markers as anchor loci on bovine chromosomes.

To identify physical and genetic anchor loci on bovine chromosomes, 13 cosmids, obtained after the screening of partial bovine cosmid libraries with the (CA)n microsatellite motif, were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Eleven cosmid probes yielded a specific signal on one of the bovine chromosomes and identified the following loci: D5S2, D5S3, D6S3, D8S1, D11S5, D13S1, D16S5, D17S2, D19S2, D19S3, D21S8. Two cosmids produced centromeric signals on many chromosomes. The microsatellite-containing regions were subcloned and sequenced. The sequence information revealed that the two centromeric cosmids were derived from bovine satellites 1.723 and 1.709, respectively. A cosmid located in the subtelomeric region of Chromosome (Chr) 17 (D17S2) had features of a chromosome-specific satellite. Primers were designed for eight of the nonsatellite cosmids, and seven of these microsatellites were polymorphic with between three and eight alleles on a set of outbred reference families. The polymorphic and chromosomally mapped loci can now be used to physically anchor other bovine polymorphic markers by linkage analysis. The microsatellite primers were also applied to DNA samples of a previously characterized panel of somatic hybrid cell lines, allowing the assignment of seven microsatellite loci to defined syntenic groups. These assignments confirmed earlier mapping results, revealed a probable case of false synteny, and placed two formerly unassigned syntenic groups on specific chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Isolation and mapping of polymorphic microsatellites in cattle.

A partial plasmid library with bovine genomic inserts of about 500 basepairs was screened with a (dC-dA)n.(dG-dT)n oligonucleotide probe for the repeated nucleotide motif (CA)n. Eleven positive clones (0.3% of all colonies screened) were discovered and were subsequently isolated and sequenced. Eight microsatellite loci were analysed, one with eight alleles, one with seven alleles, three with six alleles, one with three alleles and two with two alleles. Six of these microsatellites were mapped by PCR-analysis of a panel of somatic hybrid lines.

Alleles↗
PubMed1993

The sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene is mapped to p12-p13 of the Y chromosome in pig (Sus scrofa domestica) by in situ hybridization.

The sex-determining region Y is a gene located in the distal portion of the short arm of human (SRY) and mouse (Sry) Y chromosomes and considered to be the best candidate for the testis determining factor (TDF/Tdy). The gene is believed to be the key factor in sex differentiation in mammals and is conserved across mammalian species. We report herein that the SRY/Sry gene has been assigned to p12-p13 on the short arm of the Y chromosome in pig by in situ hybridization. The result confirms interspecies conservation of this chromosomal segment in the evolution of mammalian chromosomes, and suggests further use of this gene probe in genomic studies in another mammals. The assignment of the Sry gene is the second physical gene mapping data available for the Y chromosome in pigs. Such data can be used in the effort of constructing the pig gene map and for further establishment of a comparison of sex chromosome morphology in different mammalian species concerning sex-specific and pseudoautosomal regions.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

A balanced autosomal reciprocal translocation in an azoospermic bull.

This appears to be the first reported case of a bull with a balanced autosomal reciprocal translocation associated with azoospermia. The analysis includes somatic chromosome banding, conventional meiotic analysis, and electron microscopy of synaptonemal complexes (SCs). The karyotype of the bull was found to be 60,XY,rcp(8;13)(q11;q24). Electron microscopy of SCs in microspread pachytene spermatocytes revealed a high incidence of terminal asynapsis of the smallest arm of the quadrivalent. Most quadrivalents with such asynapsis and few with nonhomologous synapsis showed associations with the XY sex bivalent, leading to complete meiotic arrest at late pachynema. Except for one diakinetic cell, no diplotene and subsequent stages were encountered in air-dried meiotic preparations. The presence of degenerating primary spermatocytes in SC preparations, as well as in testicular sections, and the absence of spermatozoa in ejaculates confirm the chromosomally derived male sterility of the bull. X-chromosome reactivation, evidenced by the cytomorphological reversal of associated sex bivalents, appeared to be the initial step in the degeneration of spermatocytes. Consequently, the formation of a separate, fully developed XY body, which was previously demonstrated on the periphery of spermatocyte nuclei in fertile bulls, could not be attained in this case. Extensive end-to-end association of autosomal bivalents in meiotically arrested, as well as degenerating, spermatocytes was a consistent and unique observation of this study. Such associations may lead to enhanced reactivation of the X chromosome.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

RASA contains a polymorphic microsatellite and maps to bovine syntenic group U22 on chromosome 7q2.4-qter.

The bovine gene for the p21ras protein activator (RASA) includes in its 5' untranslated region a (TG)n repeat. Analysis of this (TG)n repeat by PCR amplification of genomic DNA revealed a four-allele polymorphism. A cDNA probe was used to assign RASA to the region 2.4-qter of bovine Chromosome (Chr) 7 by in situ hybridization. PCR analysis of a panel of somatic hybrid lines allowed the assignment of RASA to the unassigned syntenic group 22 (U22) and thus localizes U22 on Chr 7.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A reciprocal whole-arm translocation, rcp(1;6)(1p6p;1q6q) in a boar, localization of the breakpoints, and reassignment of the genes for glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and calcium release channel (CRC).

A reciprocal whole-arm translocation between chromosomes 1 and 6 in a Swiss Large White boar with reduced fertility was identified by the use of different staining techniques in mitotic metaphase cells, synaptonemal complex analyses, and meiotic chromosome preparations. The karyotype of this boar was demonstrated to be 38,XY,rcp(1;6)(1p6p;1q6q). To further localize the breakpoints more precisely and determine the precise gene locations, several in situ hybridization experiments were performed with a chromosome 1 centromere-specific probe and two other gene probes. The breakage and reunion points of both chromosomes were located in the centromeric regions. The genes for glucose phosphate isomerase and calcium release channel were mapped to 6cen----q12.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for linkage between the swine L blood group and the loci specifying the receptors mediating adhesion of K88 Escherichia coli pilus antigens.

Brush borders or enterocytes obtained from the small intestine of 248 pedigreed pigs were tested by adhesion assay in vitro with enterotoxigenic Escherichia (E.) coli strains, each expressing one of the three K88 pilus variants K88ab, K88ac and K88ad. All pigs were classified as belonging to one of the four adhesion phenotypes: I--K88ab(-), ac(-), ad(-); II--K88ab(-), ac(-), ad(+); III--K88ab(+), ac(+), ad(-); and IV--K88ab(+), ac(+), ad(+). Serum or red cells were typed for 15 blood group systems: A-O, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N and O; for 11 biochemical polymorphisms: PI1, PI2, PO1A, A1BG, GPI, PGD, TF, HPX, ADA, PGM and AMY; the polymorphism at the IGHG1 locus. Linkage analysis was performed between the alleles at the locus (loci) specifying K88 receptors able to bind one or more different serological types of K88 E. coli and alleles for markers at other loci. Linkage was demonstrated between the locus for the L blood group system and the locus (loci) for K88 E. coli receptors (Z = 3.24), adding one locus (loci) to the previously identified linkage group IV (LGIV) [L-SLB]. The maximum likelihood estimate of the recombination fraction (theta) was 0.23. No evidence was found for linkage between any of the other biochemical and immunogenetic markers and the receptor locus (loci) of K88 E. coli.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Intersexuality in hornless XX-goats: pathological findings in 2 young pseudobucks, 3 young bucks with urethral diverticula and 2 pseudohermaphroditic kids].

Dealing with the subject "polled goats intersexuality", whose problems are discussed, we studied the pathology of 7 3-month old XX-kids: 2 pseudomales, 3 males with urethral diverticulum (1 animal with 2 U.D.), and 2 testicular pseudohermaphrodites. Four horned male kids of comparable age were used as control. Urethral diverticula, seen now and then in local breeds, i.e. in "chamois-colored" mountain goats, Saanen, and Toggenburg goats, are rather unknown and only sporadically reported abroad. In agreement with previous histological studies, the testes were hypoplastic, the spermatogonia absent. In no case ovarian tissue was found. The Leydig cells appeared to be functionally active. The selection of an experimental flock of intersex-free polled goats is proposed.

Animals↗