Biomedical subjects

G Storms

Publications and source records attributed to G Storms.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Categorization of novel stimuli in well-known natural concepts: a case study.

In this study, we investigated to what extent exemplar-based and prototype predictors can be applied to predicting categorization in natural language concepts. Participants categorized novel tropical foods into two well-known natural language concepts: fruits and vegetables. The results indicate that both the prototype predictors and the exemplar predictors contribute significantly in accounting for the categorization choices but that the contribution of the prototype predictor comes from just a limited number of features.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Predicting conjunction typicalities by component typicalities.

In two studies, we investigated to what extent typicalities in conjunctive concepts phrased as relative clauses--such as pets that are also birds--can be predicted from simple functions of constituent typicalities and from extensions of such functions. In a first study, analyses of a large aggregated data set, based on seven different experiments, showed that a calibrated minimum rule model and some extensions of this model accounted for a very large part of the variance in the conjunction typicalities. The same models can also account for the so-called guppy effect. A psychological explanation is presented, which states that typicalities in contrast categories, like pets that are not birds and birds that are not pets, further improve the prediction of conjunction typicalities. This hypothesis is tested in a second study.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Not guppies, nor goldfish, but tumble dryers, Noriega, Jesse Jackson, panties, car crashes, bird books, and Stevie Wonder.

This paper focuses on the guppy effect (Osherson & Smith, 1981), that is, on the existence of examples of conjunctive concepts that are more typical of the conjunction than of both constituents. The most frequently given examples of this effect, guppy and goldfish, are shown not to be more typical of the conjunction pet fish than of fish in two between-subjects and one within-subjects experiment. The frequency of the effect in a large empirical study is investigated, and better examples of the effect are suggested.

Cognition↗

PubMed1993

Dominance and noncommutativity effects in concept conjunctions: extensional or intensional basis?

Dominance and noncommutativity effects are investigated in relative clause descriptions of five conjunctive concepts (birds and pets, sports and games, vehicles and machines, office equipment and writing implements, and shoes and sports equipment). Both asymmetry phenomena are studied at the extensional level (using membership ratings) and at the intensional level (using feature-importance ratings). A clear dominance effect was found for both the membership ratings and the feature-importance ratings, whereas the noncommutativity effect emerged only occasionally in the membership ratings and almost never in the feature-importance ratings. The data suggested that the dominance effect and the much weaker noncommutativity effect have an extensional basis.

Communication↗