Abdominal aortic aneurysms in identical twins.
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Aorta, Abdominal↗
Biomedical subjects
G Stewart
Publications and source records attributed to G Stewart.
Proestrous effects of chlordecone on the serotonin system.
This study concentrates on the role of the serotonin system in mediating the proestrous effects of chlordecone on female rodent sexual behavior. The pesticide was examined within the context of serotonin changes taking place on proestrous. Between morning and evening on the day of proestrus there was an increase in 3H-5-HT binding, an increase in serotonin (5-HT) and an increase in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Proestrous treatment with chlordecone attenuated the increase in 5-HT and in 3H-5-HT binding but had no effect on 5-HIAA. These findings suggest that the pesticide blocked proestrous changes essential for the female's development of sexual receptivity. The 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, was an inefficient competitor for 3H-5-HT binding in frontal cortex of females treated with chlordecone. It is speculated that the pesticide disrupts a balance between serotonin sites which facilitate and those which inhibit sexual behavior. Consistent with this speculation, the 5-HT agonist, quipazine, partially attenuated chlordecone's reduction of sexual behavior. Finally, the rapid effects of estradiol and chlordecone on 3H-5-HT binding sites were compared in ovariectomized female rats. These results showed no resemblance between the effects of chlordecone and those of estradiol.
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
Transverse alternating field electrophoresis (TAFE).
The rapid development of electrophoretic technology during the past five years has given us a stream of improvements in the area of pulsed-field separation techniques. This progression has culminated in the conception of TAFE, a simple, high resolution technique providing straight lane geometry and separation of fragments up to 9 million base pairs in length. Pulsed-field techniques will unquestionably play a major role in the forthcoming analysis of the human genome by facilitating restriction mapping and cloning of large fragments. We have no doubt that TAFE will allow scientists to do this type of genetic analysis, faster and better than ever before.
Blotting, Southern↗
CHARGE association in neonates presenting with choanal atresia.
Ten infants presented with choanal atresia. Four showed 4 or more components of CHARGE association, 3 of whom died before the age of 2 months while infants with choanal atresia but not having other features of CHARGE association survived. The combination of choanal atresia and heart disease carries a very high risk.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Unusual cranial and abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan appearances in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
A 35 year old woman presented with headache and fever. Computed brain tomography showed diffuse low attenuation in the cerebral white matter. Several months later, serological tests for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) became positive. In spite of immunosuppressive therapy she relapsed after six months of treatment, presenting with abdominal symptoms and signs. On this occasion an abdominal CT scan showed distended and oedematous loops of bowel attributed to an underlying vasculitis. This case illustrates novel CT scan appearances in two systems involved in SLE.
Adult↗
Reliability of the psychosocial axes of DSM-III in an adolescent population.
Three psychosocial variables were rated independently by two clinicians for 140 adolescent referrals to a psychiatric unit. Overall, intraclass correlations for DSM-III Axis IV, Axis V and a psychosocial adversity index (PSAI) were respectively 0.44, 0.58 and 0.68. The main source of unreliability is probably the operational definitions, rather than their application by clinicians; indices similar to the PSAI may be preferable.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Direct evidence for the interaction of the nucleotide affinity analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine with a platelet ADP receptor.
Previous reports have indicated that the nucleotide affinity analog 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (FSBA) at concentrations between 40 and 100 mumol/L and at times greater than 20 minutes covalently modifies a single protein component on the external platelet membrane surface and that adenosine diphosphate (ADP) protects against this reaction. That this protein is an ADP receptor linked to platelet activation is shown by FSBA inhibition of ADP-mediated platelet shape change, aggregation, and fibrinogen receptor exposure. In this report, further evidence for the interaction of FSBA with the ADP receptor on platelets is provided by the observation that FSBA at high concentrations (100 to 500 mumol/L) behaves as a weak agonist to produce platelet shape change within one minute as detected by spectroscopic assay and scanning electron microscopy with concomitant phosphorylation of the light chain of platelet myosin. The specificity of FSBA as an agonist is demonstrated by inhibition of FSBA-induced shape change by ATP and the covalent incorporation of SBA as well as the failure of 5'-fluorosulfonylbenozoyl guanosine (FSBG) to cause shape change. In contrast, incubation of platelets with low concentrations of [3H]-FSBA (40 mol/L) is not associated with stimulation of platelet shape change or myosin light chain phosphorylation.
Adenosine↗
Surgical management of 'lymphangioma circumscriptum'.
The results of surgery in 29 patients with 'lymphangioma circumscriptum' have been reviewed 2-8 years after operation. They show that in regard to management there are two varieties: small lesions, less than 7 cm diameter, in favourable sites of the body, which are potentially curable; and large lesions, greater than 7 cm diameter on the skin with an even larger area of subcutaneous cysts, in which complete excision of all the skin and subcutaneous vesicles would require skin grafting. Nine patients had small lesions excised. Seven have had no recurrence. Twenty patients had large lesions treated by a radical excision of all or as much of the cyst bearing subcutaneous tissues and skin as possible, but leaving enough skin to permit a primary suture, even though it meant leaving skin vesicles. The lesion was controlled and the cosmetic appearance improved in 16 patients. Subsequent regression of many of the vesicles not excised supports the aetiological hypothesis of the skin lesions proposed by Whimster.
Adolescent↗
Nosology and diagnosis of alcoholism. Issues and perspectives in subtyping (DSM III) simple alcoholism and alcoholism associated with other psychopathologies.
The presence of psychopathological syndromes in alcoholic in-patients was assessed using the NIMH-Diagnosis. The most stricking finding of this study was the high percentage of additional psychopathological syndromes associated to alcoholism. Based on this finding, a tentative classification of alcoholism is proposed. The urgent need for a comprehensive diagnostic scheme for alcoholism is underlined.
Alcoholism↗
The long-term results of carotid endarterectomy for transient ischemic attacks.
One hundred patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy for transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) have been followed up for 3 to 10 years (mean, 5.5 years). Seven patients have been lost to follow-up but none is recorded as dead (National Registry of Deaths) at least 5 years after operation. Fifteen patients (16.5%) have died, four from cerebral and eight from cardiac causes. Three patients had cerebral infarction with permanent deficits, one occurring immediately after operation, one at 3 months, and one at 9 years. Four patients had minor strokes but a full clinical recovery, three patients postoperatively and one patient at 4 years. Fourteen patients had ipsilateral TIAs, four occurred postoperatively and 10 occurred from 1 to 8 years later. Ten patients had contralateral TIAs and five patients then had a contralateral carotid endarterectomy. Another nine patients also had bilateral operations, three for bilateral TIAs, five as prophylactic procedures on the basis of arteriographic findings, and one for a contralateral cerebral event that occurred after arteriography. Thus, at the mean follow-up time (5.5 years) and including the operative complications, four deaths (4%) of cerebral origin and seven serious cerebral problems (7%) have occurred--an annual morbidity and mortality rate of less than 2%. This compares favorably with the commonly predicted rate of stroke occurring after TIAs of 5% per year. These figures support the argument that carotid endarterectomy reduces the incidence of stroke occurring after TIA and stops TIAs caused by emboli from the carotid bifurcation.
Adult↗
An international and interregional comparison of haemostatic variables in the study of ischaemic heart disease. Report of a working group.
Levels of haemostatic variables that may be involved in thrombogenesis have been compared in groups of men of similar mean age in communities at very low (Gambia), high (England and Czechoslovakia) or very high (Scotland and Finland) risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD). There was a consistent gradient of higher factor VII levels with higher IHD risk and also suggestive gradients in the case of two other vitamin K dependent factors, factors II and X. Mean platelet counts were lower and mean fibrinolytic activity was greater in Gambian men than in European men. There was a suggestive though not entirely consistent association between mean fibrinogen levels and IHD risk in the groups from IHD-endemic countries. The results as a whole, and particularly those on factor VII, strengthen the case for the increasingly detailed epidemiological as well as laboratory investigation of the role of the haemostatic system in thrombogenesis and IHD.
Adult↗
Adrenergic influence on hormonal and hepatic metabolic response to exercise in rats.
The adrenergic control of the hormonal and hepatic metabolic response to exercise was studied in untrained fed male rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with either saline, the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, or the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol 30 min before exercise. The rats swam for 50 min in 34-35 degrees C water with a tail weight (5% of body wt). Exercise resulted in a suppression of plasma insulin in all treatment groups; however, plasma glucagon increased only in the propranolol group. The liver glycogen content was decreased with exercise only in the saline and propranolol groups. Likewise, phosphorylating respiration of liver mitochondria isolated after exercise was higher only in the saline and propranolol groups. Thus phentolamine pretreatment blocked the liver glycogen depletion and the increased liver mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration observed after exercise in fed rats. The results suggest that alpha-adrenergic mechanisms are operant with exercise and stimulate liver glycogenolysis and mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration.
Animals↗
With a little innovation, health promotion need not be costly.
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Advertising↗
Long term results of the enteromesenteric bridge operation in the treatment of primary lymphoedema.
Eight patients with primary lymphoedema secondary to iliac lymph node and vessel obstruction were treated in 1977 and 1978 by the construction of an enteromesenteric bridge. All patients have been followed clinically for periods of 2.5-7 years. Six patients showed sustained clinical improvement. Two failed to improve and subsequently required leg reducing operations. Contrast lymphography was performed in the early postoperative period on all cases and showed function of the bridge in five. Isotope lymphography 6-7 years postoperatively showed normal clearance of isotope from three of the four limbs studied. In one patient contrast lymphography, performed 7 years postoperatively, confirmed continued conduction of lymph by the enteromesenteric bridge. These results have encouraged us to reintroduce this operation for suitable patients.
Female↗
Isotope lymphography: a new method of investigating the role of the lymphatics in chronic limb oedema.
A method of investigating the lymphatic system by radionuclide imaging in patients with chronic lower limb oedema is described. The clearance of 99mTc rhenium sulphur colloid from the interdigital space of 55 limbs and its appearance in the ilio-inguinal lymph nodes 30 min, 1, 2 and 3 h later has been measured using a gamma camera in 34 limbs (26 patients) with the clinical and radiological features of primary lymphoedema, 10 limbs (8 patients) with venous oedema and 12 control limbs (6 volunteers). On visual interpretation the sensitivity of this technique in diagnosing lymphoedema was 97 per cent and its specificity 100 per cent, while it clearly differentiated between lymphoedema and venous oedema. Estimation of the percentage uptake of the colloid in the ilio-inguinal lymph nodes at 1/2, 1, 2 and 3 h showed a markedly decreased lymph flow in the 34 lymphoedematous limbs and an increased flow in the 10 limbs with venous oedema. The results suggest that this technique can be used as a simple diagnostic outpatient technique in the investigation of chronic limb oedema.
Edema↗
Association of proteins with the platelet cytoskeleton.
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Actin Cytoskeleton↗
Evidence for a role of myosin phosphorylation in the initiation of the platelet shape change response.
When platelets were stimulated with ADP to cause shape change without aggregation or secretion, myosin 20,000-Da light chain phosphorylation was rapid and appeared to precede slightly the shape change response. While the shape of the platelets remained spheroidal, myosin phosphorylation was transient and after 2-5 min returned to the same level as that of unstimulated cells. Phosphorylation of the 47,000-Da platelet protein was minimal under these conditions. The phosphorylation time course was not altered by the addition of indomethacin or allowing the cells to aggregate. The dose-response curve of myosin phosphorylation very closely paralleled that of shape change with a midpoint at 0.7 microM ADP. ATP, a competitive antagonist of ADP, inhibited both shape change and myosin phosphorylation with the same concentration of ATP causing 50% inhibition of each response. Similarly, when platelets were stimulated with either 15-hydroxy-9,11-azo-prostadienoic acid or collagen, myosin phosphorylation slightly preceded shape change. These results suggest that myosin phosphorylation is required for the initial change in platelet shape but is not necessary for maintenance of the spherical shape.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Site-specific recombination in transposition and plasmid stability.
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Chromosome Mapping↗