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Biomedical subjects

G Sternbach

Publications and source records attributed to G Sternbach.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Joseph Babinski: the phenomenon of the toes.

Joseph Babinski first described the plantar cutaneous reflex that bears his name in two papers in 1896 and 1898. He linked the sign, which he termed "the phenomenon of the toes," to disturbances of the pyramidal tract. In the nearly 90 years that have elapsed since the original description, little significant elaboration has been made upon Babinski's initial works. Although the reflex is best known in conjunction with organic disease involving structural injury to the corticospinal tract, it may be present in a number of toxic and metabolic disturbances. These are diverse, and no satisfactory explanation exists to explain the presence of the reflex in such clinical entities. In some instances the reflex reverts to normal following improvement of the underlying condition.

France↗
PubMed1984

C.S. Campbell: Gamekeeper's thumb.

Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb is an injury frequently encountered by the emergency physician. The mechanism of injury is usually a fall onto the abducted thumb. The setting is frequently one of athletic endeavor, especially skiing, in which this is the most commonly encountered upper extremity injury. The physical findings typical of collateral ligament rupture may easily be overlooked on casual examination. When not appropriately managed, the injury may result in chronic pain, weakness, and joint instability. The eponym "gamekeeper's thumb" derives from a report of similar injuries described as occurring in a series of British gamekeepers.

Finger Injuries↗
PubMed1984

George W. Crile: the pneumatic rubber suit.

Military antishock trousers (MAST) have been used in emergency care for only a little more than a decade. However, the initial report of the medical use of an inflatable compression garment appeared in 1903, when George W. Crile utilized a pneumatic rubber suit to augment the blood pressure of patients undergoing head and neck surgery. Technical difficulties occasionally produced precipitous deflation of the garment, but Crile maintained that the device was otherwise free of adverse effects. Since then, a number of complications have been ascribed to the suit, including reduction of vital capacity, metabolic acidosis, skin necrosis, renal failure, vascular thrombosis, and fascial compartment syndrome. None of these have occurred with sufficient frequency to substantially restrict the use of the suit. The mechanism by which the pneumatic garment produces an elevation in blood pressure-ascribed by Crile to elevation of peripheral resistance-continues to be a subject for research.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

William Osler: narcotic-induced pulmonary edema.

William Osler described the first reported case of narcotic-induced pulmonary edema in 1880. The description is that of autopsy findings of a patient who died of narcotic poisoning. Since that time, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has come to be known to accompany overdose with a number of drugs, most notably heroin. Clinical manifestations and radiographic findings vary. The exact pathogenesis is unclear, although the mechanism is known to involve increased alveolar capillary permeability. Treatment consists of reversal of respiratory depression, oxygenation, and respiratory support. Rapid improvement with treatment is the rule.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Torsion of the fallopian tube.

Although an infrequent cause of acute lower abdominal pain, fallopian tube torsion should be considered whenever a woman presents with this complaint. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention may save a tube that has not yet infarcted, yet initial presentation may give little indication of the seriousness of the condition until peritonitis develops. Definitive treatment is removal of the affected adnexa. Diminished fertility and an increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the remaining fallopian tube follows unilateral salpingectomy. A case history of fallopian tube torsion is presented.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Claude Beck: cardiac compression triads.

Claude Beck described two triads of clinical findings which he found constituted the essential components of acute and chronic cardiac tamponade. The first of these triads consisted of hypotension, an increased venous pressure, and a quiet heart. It has come to be recognized as "Beck's triad," a collection of findings most commonly produced by acute intrapericardial hemorrhage. Subsequent studies have shown that these classic findings are observed in only a minority of patients with cardiac tamponade. However, Beck deserves credit for presenting a physiologic basis for the signs of cardiac compression.

Cardiac Tamponade↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sydney Ringer: water supplied by the New River Water Company.

Lactated Ringer's solution has been used for decades in the resuscitation of hypovolemia and hemorrhagic shock. Its origin relates to a serendipitous substitution of water in the London laboratory of Sydney Ringer in the 1880s. A number of controversies have related to the use of lactated Ringer's solution. Some of these have involved the potential exacerbation of lactic acidosis and the question of whether administration of colloid or crystalloid is preferable in severe hypovolemia. The use of hypertonic saline solutions in shock is an issue of current investigative interest.

England↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is aeromedical transport of patients during acute myocardial infarction safe?

The emergence of coronary artery thrombolysis and angioplasty have raised new questions about the transfer of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Since these modalities are generally limited in their availability, and since the success of thrombolysis is strongly time-dependent, the interfacility transfer of patients during AMI has become more common. Study of a relatively small number of patients indicates that aeromedical helicopter transport can be conducted in a safe manner, and that the outcome of management is of benefit to the patients. Reperfusion events, however, must be anticipated during transport of patients in whom thrombolysis is initiated preflight. Furthermore, initiation of thrombolytic therapy may be problematic if begun in patients with events mimicking AMI, particularly aortic dissection or Prinzmetal's angina.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sven Ivar Seldinger: catheter introduction on a flexible leader.

The Seldinger method of guide-wire catheterization was originally described by Sven Ivar Seldinger, a Swedish radiologist, as an arterial cannulation method for performing arteriography. Subsequent modifications have adapted the technique for use in venous catheterization. The major advantage of the Seldinger technique is that it allows for the insertion of a catheter that is larger in diameter than the needle utilized. Its principle use in emergency medicine has been in central venous cannulation, but the guide wire technique has also found utility in peripheral arterial cannulation, percutaneous transtracheal ventilation, and diagnostic peritoneal lavage.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

William Heberden and Myron Prinzmetal: angina pectoris.

The most significant accounts of angina pectoris appeared in the medical literature separated by nearly two centuries. They were Heberden's initial description of classic angina and Prinzmetal's report of the variant form. Angina pectoris represents a transient myocardial oxygen deficiency. It is usually related to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, but there are a number of less common etiologies, most notably aortic stenosis. Stable and unstable forms exist, with stable angina being further subclassified as being of one of four patterns: classic, variant, atypical, and angina equivalent.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alexander Fleming: the spectrum of penicillin.

The discovery of penicillin was directly linked to the inhibition by that agent of the growth of colonies of staphylococcus. However, subsequent resistance by this organism to penicillin as well as to a number of other agents has marked the history of staphylococcus in the antibiotic era. One of the most important mechanisms of this resistance has been the production of penicillinase, an enzyme that inactivates penicillin and related antibiotics. Penicillinase is currently termed beta-lactamase, and it is now recognized that there are several types of beta-lactamases produced by various organisms. The ability of staphylococci to produce this enzyme has been countered by the development of penicillinase-resistant agents and the addition of beta-lactamase inhibitors to antibiotics.

Bacteriology↗