The development of reading speed in Italian children with dyslexia was estimated using individualized growth curves for a group of 38 children with dyslexia tested longitudinally from the second to the eighth grade and compared with typical readers. Their reading speed development followed a linear trend of .3 syllables per second per grade, approximately half the increment observed in typical children reading a passage and similar to typical children's reading of nonword lists. These findings give support to the deficit hypothesis versus the lag hypothesis and to reading speed as the core deficit in dyslexia with transparent orthographies.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis during postoperative total parenteral nutrition].

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Acidosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ewing's sarcoma. Results of treatment in 16 consecutive cases].

In the period January 1974-August 1981, 16 previously untreated cases of Ewing's Sarcoma have been diagnosed at the Giannina Gaslini Children's Hospital Genova. Eight were male, eight female. Median age at diagnosis was 11 years. Two patients presented with a unique metastatic lesion, in the right lung and in an illiac lymph node, respectively. Fourteen patients have been initially treated with local radiotherapy (dosages ranging form 4,800 to 6,600 rads) in association with antiblastic polichemotherapy utilizing 4 drugs (Adriamycin, Actinomycin D, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide). The Rosen et al.'s T-2 protocol was adopted, modifying the initial phase in order to give more weight to Adriamycin and reduce the toxic effects related to radio-chemotherapy combination. Two patients bearing a costal primary were immediately treated with a more complex and aggressive chemotherapy (T-6 Protocol), followed by local irradiation (in one case preceded by surgical ablation) and then chemotherapy again (T-2 protocol, second phase) for 10 months. Treatment determined a fast subjective relief in the 13 symptomatic patients. All 16 cases achieved a status of complete remission. Four of them subsequently relapsed: locally in two, in distant sites in the remaining 2. All 4 died 12-27 months form diagnosis. Twelve patients are presently alive without evidence of disease at 3-92 months (median 37 months) following diagnosis. Treatment has caused early and delayed toxicity in all cases. However, the entity of these complications varied considerably from one patient to an other. Age at diagnosis and site of primary tumor were the factors most relevant in this respect.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Benign tumors of the pediatric spine: statistical notes.

A group of 50 pediatric patients affected with tumors or pseudotumors of the spine were studied with the purpose of determining the interval between the onset of symptoms and definitive diagnosis, the incidence of various symptoms, the statistical frequency based on age, sex, histologic type, localization, site. Also studied were diagnostic procedures adopted, therapy, recurrence, complications. The child affected with benign tumor pathology of the spine is rarely submitted early to appropriate diagnostic testing. Tumors are more frequently localized in the lumbar and thoracic spine and there is predilection for the vertebral arch. The most frequent histologic types are in decreasing order: histiocytosis X, osteoid osteoma, and aneurysmal cyst. Treatment is constituted by simple curettage in histiocytosis X, complete resection of the neoplasm in osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma, partial resection associated with radiotherapy or selective embolization in aneurysmal bone cyst.

Adolescent↗