Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Smith

Publications and source records attributed to G Smith.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Age at operation and the results of truncal vagotomy and gastroenterostomy for chronic duodenal ulcer.

Truncal vagotomy and posterior, no loop gastrojejunostomy is a safe and expedient procedure for chronic duodenal ulcer. A proved recurrence rate of only 1.5 per cent was noted at a mean of 10.5 years after operation in a 94 per cent follow-up study of 290 surviving patients from a consecutive series. One of the most striking features has been the identification of the relationship between age at operation and outcome. Life does, indeed, appear to begin at 40. If the decennial age groupings at operation are reviewed considering postoperative patients attaining the fifth decade of life. In the surgical treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer, the present operation is advocated for patients older than 40 years of age. It is suggested that other treatment be sought for those less than 40 years of age. If this group cannot continue with medical treatment, then a reasonable choice of operative procedure would seem to be proximal gastric vagotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

A cojoint, operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents.

This article describes a community treatment program established in a semirural New Mexico community that was cojointly administered by the local school district, university and mental health center in order to facilitate the adoption of personal and academic skills among profoundly, behaviorally disordered adolescents. The treatment, a model classroom, is staffed by a fulltime teacher and a full-time psychologist whose roles are differentiated primarily by the ways and type of operant behavior they reinforce. This cojoint operant model for assisting profoundly behaviorally disordered adolescents was successful in facilitating the overall adjustment of eight adolescents in one academic year, as evidenced results of a behavior rating scale, projective testing, and parents' checklist and individual interviews. Theoretical bases and procedures for implementing the model are described, and recommendations for future programs serving emotionally disturbed adolescents are proposed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A direct, rapid, radioassay for adenosine diphosphatase.

Radiolabelled adenosine diphosphate [beta 32Pi]ADP was synthesized from radioactive orthophosphate and adenosine-5'-monophosphate with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The purified radioactive adenosine diphosphate was used as the substrate in a rapid, direct, one-step assay for adenosine diphosphatase in human neutrophilic leukocyte homogenates. Certain kinetic properties of the enzyme activity have been determined.

Apyrase↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of the effects of spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia on postoperative oxygenation and perioperative mortality.

One hundred patients presenting for surgical treatment of fractured neck of femur were allocated to receive either spinal (SAB) or general (GA) anaesthesia. Before operation, the mean PaO2 was 9.04 kPa. There was a significant decrease in PaO2 of 0.68 kPa in GA group at 1 h after operation, while blood-gas values were unchanged in SAB group. Eight patients (15.7%) in GA group and five patients (10.2%) in SAB group died within 4 weeks of surgery. The difference was not statistically significant.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1980

Halothane improves the balance of oxygen supply to demand in acute experimental myocardial ischaemia.

Acute myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left main coronary artery in greyhound dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. Blood flow in the area of ischaemia was measured by xenon clearance and compared with flow in the circumflex artery measured with electromagnetic flow meters. Halothane 1% produced an approximate 40% reduction in flow to both ischaemic and normal areas in association with a 20% reduction in collateral perfusion pressure and a 40% reduction in mean arterial pressure. Comparison of the percentage change in the ratio of oxygen availability/consumption in response to halothane revealed a significant difference between the ischaemic and the normal areas. The former increased to 113 +/- 9.3% (mean +/- SEM) whilst the latter decreased to 91 +/- 5.02%. This suggests that, in the non-failing heart, halothane improves oxygenation in areas of acute myocardial ischaemia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Prismatic effects of spherical ophthalmic lenses.

Exact prismatic effects were calculated for stock spectacle lenses (-6 D to +10 D) and trial refracting set lenses (-10 D to +10 D) using a range of visual field eccentricities on the 0.30 m Goldmann perimeter, and on the 1- and 2-m tangent screens. Slightly larger prismatic effects were found for the tangent screens than the perimeter, but the difference in results for the two tangent screen distances was negligible. For low power ophthalmic lenses (-2 D +2 D), the prismatic effects were smaller than the variation in apparent target eccentricity caused by variation in patient fixation distance. Paraxial estimates of prismatic effects using both thick and thin lens theory were calculated, but found to become more inaccurate as target eccentricity increased. Data are presented which can be used by clinicians to predict the alteration in the size of kinetic perimetric isopters when ophthalmic lenses are used to correct patient defocus resulting from ametropia or presbyopia.

Eyeglasses↗
PubMed1980

The audiovisual reaction time test. Use in assessment of recovery from Althesin anaesthesia.

Recovery from anaesthesia with Althesin, nitrous oxide, oxygen and halothane was assessed in 29 female patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery using an audiovisual reaction time test. A further 29 female patients not undergoing anaesthesia or surgery were subjected to the audiovisual reaction time test at similar time intervals as the anaesthetised group. The mean reaction time was significantly greater at 40 min after induction (p < 0.01) and equal to the pre-anaesthetic value at 100 min after induction. Similar decreases in mean reaction times in both anaesthetised and control subjects occurred at between 100 and 160 min which presumably reflects a learning effect, but this change was not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Aerodynamic size distribution of cromolyn sodium at ambient and airway humidity.

The aerodynamic size distribution of cromolyn sodium was determined at ambient and high (98%) humidity using the single particle aerodynamic relaxation time analyzer. This instrument measures the aerodynamic size single, suspended solid particles and liquid droplets in the respirable size range. The measurement accommodates all properties such as density, shape and surface characteristics that affect aerodynamic behavior. Particle morphology under ambient humidity conditions was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Count median aerodynamic diameter increased from 1.40 to 1.52 micron (p < 0.05), and the mass median aerodynamic diameter increased from 2.31 to 3.02 micron (p < 0.005) when measured at ambient and high humidities. The total mass of 0.99 mg of active ingredient aerosolized at ambient humidity in the size range compatible with pulmonary deposition was approximately 5% of the total mass of active ingredient packaged in the capsule. The low mass of particle aerosolized in the size range appropriate for pulmonary deposition may explain the low estimated deposition of cromolyn reported by other investigators.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

A hat-trick of model teams.

You have seen your team in action and found out what the score is. Now you must interpret that score, build on the facts you have gleaned from the game so far. Certain concepts come into play if your managerial dossier is to do its analytic bit properly. Michael Walton and Graham Smith, continuing their team management saga, help make you aware of these concepts, as you must be in pondering the game's latest phase.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1979

What, how and why does the team think?

It is all very well being able to 'pick up' what team members seem to be doing and even to speculate on the reasons why. It is an entirely different exercise doing something constructive with the information you garner about team practice and performance. Michael Walton and Graham Smith, in the fourth article of their series, introduce some practical perspectives for assessing your team's performance.

Goals↗