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Biomedical subjects

G Smith

Publications and source records attributed to G Smith.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Bladder cancer flow cytometry profiles in relation to histological grade and stage.

Flow cytometry was used as an additional measurement to monitor 59 untreated patients with bladder cancer. The findings indicate that tumours belonging to the same stage and grade can demonstrate different flow cytometric profiles. Using this technique, together with routine histological assessment, we were able to subclassify bladder tumours in respect of their progress. Flow cytometric profiles are recommended for additional information about the aggressiveness of the tumour and the potential response to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Effect of interrupted sleep patterns and partial sleep deprivation on DST and mood in psychiatric house officers.

To gain further insight into clinical associations seen in depression, the authors investigated the effect of interrupted night-time sleep on the HPA axis and mood in 20 psychiatric house officers taking overnight call. Specific interest was in whether multiple awakenings could induce a positive DST. No statistically significant association emerged between number of nocturnal awakenings, number of hours of sleep deprivation or temporal occurrence of sleep deprivation and cortisol, DST or mood. The results suggest that cortisol and DST changes are not likely to be causally linked to, or epiphenomenon of disrupted sleep. The implications of these findings for major depression are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin-producing cells in human odontogenic cysts.

Immunohistochemical staining of immunoglobulin-containing plasma cells was performed on odontogenic keratocysts, dental (periapical) and dentigerous cysts. IgG-containing plasma cells were the predominant species in all cyst types examined, with a much lower percentage of IgA- and few IgM-containing plasma cells. Statistically significant differences in the percentage contributions of IgG and IgA plasma cells were observed between the keratocyst and both the dental (periapical) and dentigerous cysts and for IgM between the keratocyst and dental (periapical) cyst. Intense extracellular staining was observed for IgG in all cyst types.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Immunogold-silver technique applied to showing malignant B cell infiltration of gastrointestinal tract in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Gastric, duodenal, and rectal biopsy specimens from 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), not primarily of gastrointestinal origin, were examined using the immunogold-silver staining (IGSS) technique. In paraffin sections the presence of kappa and lambda surface immunoglobulin in lymphoid infiltrates was shown. Using this technique, nine patients were shown to have infiltration of the gastrointestinal mucosa by monoclonal B cells at one or more sites. In a further case a lymphoid aggregate was shown to express both kappa and lambda surface light chains, suggesting that it had a benign nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bulimia nervosa. The impact of pregnancy on mother and baby.

This study examines the impact of pregnancy on the reported eating behaviour of 20 untreated normal body weight bulimia nervosa women; it also reports foetal and obstetric abnormalities and indicates the initial eating habits of the infants. The prevalence of binge-eating and self-induced vomiting reduced sequentially during each trimester of pregnancy. By the third trimester 15 women (75%) had stopped all bulimic behaviour and in the remainder the disturbed eating was less severe. Symptoms tended to return in the puerperium and in nearly half the sample abnormal eating was more disturbed after delivery than before conception. However, the improvement associated with the pregnancy described by seven patients was maintained and for five it appears to have been curative. The common fear among pregnant bulimics that their abnormal eating behaviour may damage their unborn child cannot be dispelled by this study; the incidence of foetal abnormality (including cleft palate and cleft lip), multiple pregnancies and obstetric complications (including breech presentation and surgical intervention) was high. The nutrition and development of the infants was good although three mothers (15%) reported slimming their babies down within the first year.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The effect of La(SSB) on PWM-induced immunoglobulin synthesis by anti-La(SSB) positive SLE patients and healthy controls.

The effect of affinity purified La(SSB) on immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro by mononuclear cells (MNC) from anti-La(SSB)-positive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls was studied. La(SSB) was prepared from calf thymus extract and characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Silver staining of gels reveals nine major bands at 68 kD, 43-48 kD and 30-33 kD, of which six were recognized on immunoblots by sera from anti-La(SSB) positive SLE patients. Studies in vitro showed that La(SSB) alone did not stimulate total IgG or IgM synthesis in controls or SLE patients. Low concentrations of La(SSB) (optimal dose less than 0.02 ng/ml) suppressed pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven IgG synthesis by controls but not by anti-La(SSB) positive SLE patients. IgM responses were unaffected. Anti-La(SSB) and anti-DNA were detected in PWM-stimulated cultures from both study groups. In the presence of La(SSB) IgM anti-La(SSB) synthesis was enhanced in anti-La(SSB)-positive patients in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, La(SSB) inhibited anti-La(SSB) production by controls (maximal at 2 ng/ml). La(SSB) had no effect on anti-DNA production in either group. Pre-incubation of control or anti-La(SSB)-positive SLE MNC with La(SSB) before addition to autologous PWM-driven cultures did not induce suppressor cells, although pre-incubation with Concanavalin A (ConA) did. Thus we suggest that La(SSB)-induced suppression of IgG synthesis in PWM-driven control cultures may not be due to induction of regulator cells, possibly missing from SLE cultures, but perhaps is a direct effect on B cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Corynebacterium pyogenes mastitis outbreak in inbred heifers in a California dairy.

An outbreak of Corynebacterium pyogenes mastitis ("Summer Mastitis") was observed in a group of 96 heifers. The outbreak affected 8 animals, of which 7 were too young for breeding. The disease incidence was highest in calves 2 to 4 months old. Cases were observed over an initial estimated 14 day period with a further case being detected 14 days subsequently. Corynebacterium pyogenes mastitis has not been reported in calves this age. Factors postulated to influence the outbreak include the presence of large numbers of flies, intersucking of calves, and possible viral disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Spectacle lenses and third-order distortion.

Third-order formulae are developed for calculation of distortion in thin spectacle lenses, when one or both surfaces are conicoid aspherics. Solutions which allow correction of rotatory or peripheral distortion, when one lens surface is a conicoid aspheric, are illustrated. A study of these solutions shows that one of the off-axis power errors (e.g. oblique astigmatism) and one of the distortions can be simultaneously eliminated, but the lens forms required are too curved to be cosmetically feasible.

Eyeglasses↗
PubMed1986

Resistance to change in geriatric care.

This paper describes an action research project in a hospital for the elderly. The project sought to facilitate changes towards improving the quality of life for the hospital's patients, and the method was based on social systems and psychoanalytic theories. A number of constraints on development were found and there was evidence that these were functional for staff in preventing change towards a model involving closer relationships with the patients, with which a number of anxieties were associated. The strength of the resistance to change was related to the specific stresses of providing care for ageing and dying patients, and has implications for development projects in similar settings.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Echocardiographic assessment of the right ventricle in Ebstein's anomaly: relation to clinical outcome.

Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 16 patients with Ebstein's anomaly to assess right ventricular anatomy and function in relation to clinical features and prognosis. Measurements of right ventricular anatomy and function were established in 10 normal subjects for comparison. Ten patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I, four in class II and one each in classes III and IV. Right ventricular morphology and the three tricuspid valve leaflets were assessed from right ventricular inflow tract and apical four chamber views. The anterior tricuspid leaflet was abnormal but not displaced in all patients; the septal and posterior leaflets were displaced in 14 (88%) and 11 (69%) patients respectively. The posterior leaflet was best visualized from the right ventricular inflow tract, and in two patients this view was required for the echocardiographic diagnosis of Ebstein's anomaly, based on displacement of the septal tricuspid valve leaflet. An index of right ventricular function, the fractional area contraction, was defined as the difference between the end-diastolic and the end-systolic area, normalized to the end-diastolic area. This index was calculated for both the proximal (atrialized) right ventricle and the total right ventricle. Total right ventricular end-diastolic area and fractional area contraction exceeded 95% confidence limits when compared with values in the normal group. During a median follow-up period of 4 years three patients died. They had severe right heart morphologic or functional abnormalities; two were in functional class III or IV and one was asymptomatic. None of the survivors had severe symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The development and mortality of the non-infective free-living stages of Ostertagia ostertagi in the field and in laboratory culture.

A deterministic model of the population biology of the non-infective free-living phase of Ostertagia ostertagi is described and tested. A comparison of field and laboratory studies indicates that the pre-infective larvae of O. ostertagi spend about twice as long in this phase in the field as in laboratory culture (13 days and 7 days respectively at 15 degrees C), and that the subsequent transition (i.e. second moult) to the infective phase also proceeds at a much slower rate (about 10 times less at 15 degrees C) in the field. Because of this discrepancy, estimates of model parameters are based entirely on measurements from field studies. A two-parameter model of pre-infective development in the field is derived. It describes egg and larval development as a direct non-linear function of air temperature. We also show that the mortality of the eggs and pre-infective larvae increases with temperature (although this relationship probably also subsumes a dependence on faecal moisture content). The model is shown to be a good mimic of the population dynamics of the non-infective free-living phase when tested against an independent data set, and is the basis of a larger model of the epidemiology of ostertagiasis.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Maximum-likelihood estimates of the mortality and migration rates of the infective larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora.

We present an analysis of the survival and migration rates of the infective (L3) stages of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora. Although the majority of laboratory studies show that the survival of the L3 stage depends upon temperature, moisture and the age of the larvae, a simple mathematical model of larval demography, in which their mortality and migration rates are held constant, provides as good agreement between observed and predicted larval counts as models in which these rate processes are made explicit functions of larval age and microclimate. Maximum-likelihood estimates of larval mortality rates in the faeces and on the herbage are 0.0284/day and 0.00887/day respectively. The average migration rate from faeces to herbage under temperate Northern European conditions is estimated as 0.00884/day. Finally, we discuss the probable scale of L3 larval losses due to desiccation and lavage (active or passive migration into the soil).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of oral nalbuphine, acetaminophen, and their combination in postoperative pain.

This double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study evaluated the analgesic effects of single oral doses of 30 mg nalbuphine, 650 mg acetaminophen, and the contribution of each to the efficacy of their combination in 128 hospitalized patients with postoperative pain. Subjective reports of patients evaluated each hour for 6 hours were used as indices of analgesic response. Both nalbuphine and acetaminophen were significantly superior to placebo for most measures of total and peak analgesia. The interaction contrast between nalbuphine and acetaminophen was not significant for any analgesic measurements, indicating an additive effect of the components. The combination was the most effective treatment, followed by nalbuphine, acetaminophen, and placebo. Effects of the combination were significantly different from those of acetaminophen at 4, 5, and 6 hours and from those of placebo at 1 to 6 hours. There was no significant difference in the frequency or intensity of side effects among the groups. The combination of nalbuphine and acetaminophen appears to be a therapeutically useful combination.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1986

Effect of halothane on cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation.

The catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to intubation were investigated during halothane anaesthesia. Thirty patients were allocated randomly to two groups. Following induction of anaesthesia and muscle relaxation, group 1 was ventilated with 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen before intubation; group 2 received 1% halothane in addition. After intubation, both groups received 0.5% halothane. Arterial pressure and heart rate, and plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations were measured throughout the induction sequence. In group 1 intubation was associated with increases (from pre-induction values) in systolic arterial pressure of 13% and diastolic arterial pressure of 35%, although the plasma concentrations of noradrenaline did not alter significantly. In group 2, although there was a pressor response to intubation, no overall change in systolic arterial pressure and only a 13% increase in diastolic arterial pressure occurred when compared with pre-induction values. This response was associated with a 78% increase in the noradrenaline concentration; the adrenaline concentration did not alter significantly.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗