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Biomedical subjects

G Slater

Publications and source records attributed to G Slater.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Ultrasonography and computed tomography in pseudomyxoma peritonei.

Three patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei were found to have quite different sonographic and CT features from those described previously. Ultrasound (US) revealed (a) a large, highly echogenic mantle consisting of numerous tiny cysts, (b) echogenic "ascites" which was actually gelatinous in nature, or (c) multiple indentations of the bowel by semi-solid masses. On CT, the large masses appeared as spaces resembling ascites but containing mottled densities, while the regions which resembled echogenic "ascites" on US had an attenuation value slightly higher than water.

Female↗
PubMed1984

The prognostic significance of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels preoperatively in patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum.

Two hundred and eighty-three patients were observed for a minimum of 38 months after undergoing resection of Dukes' B2, C1 or C2 classification for carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Cumulative recurrence rates were higher in patients with elevated preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Site specific recurrence rates revealed a lower incidence of metastases to the liver in patients with elevated preoperative alkaline phosphatase levels. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase values in patients with carcinoma of the colon may reflect hepatic metastases, but when metastases to the liver are not detected at laparotomy, patients with elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase are at no greater risk of having metastases to the liver develop than patients with normal levels.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Compliance of the extramural portion of the canine common bile duct.

The physiologic characteristics of the biliary tract cannot be adequately evaluated without analyzing both the resistive and compliant characteristics of the common bile duct. We studied the compliance of the common bile duct in six anesthetized dogs. Saline was infused continuously while pressure was monitored with the sphincter of Oddi intact and tied off. The mean opening pressure of the sphincter was 8.45 cm H2O. In the obstructed duct, compliance was found to decrease with increasing pressure. The mean compliance for all five dogs at low pressures (below opening pressure) was 11.0 X 10(-2) microliter/cm H2O/mm2, and at high pressures was 1.7 X 10(-2) microliters/cm H2O/mm2. Changes in flow rate did not affect the compliance of the duct. Although the compliance of the duct was found to be nonlinear overall, it was nearly linear in both the high- and low-pressure ranges.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam as an anesthetic for laboratory rodents.

A combination of equal parts of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride was evaluated as an injectable anesthetic for rats, mice, and hamsters. The drug produced satisfactory anesthesia and analgesia in rats when given either intraperitoneally or intramuscularly at concentrations of 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight. The length of anesthesia was dose dependent and was somewhat longer in females as compared to males, and inbreds compared to outbreds. Incisions through the peritoneum of anesthetized rats evoked little or no response, whereas cervical skin incisions evoked a slight response in many rats. Anesthesia without analgesia occurred in mice at dosages of 80 mg/kg body weight and higher, however, many animals developed respiratory distress and died at dosages of 100 to 160 mg/kg body weight. In hamsters, anesthesia but not analgesia occurred at drug concentrations of 50 to 80 mg/kg body weight. It was concluded that a tiletamine and zolazepam combination was an effective anesthetic for rats, but not for mice or hamsters.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1982

Transcervical thymectomy for thymoma in myasthenia gravis.

The results of thymectomy performed through a transcervical approach in 37 myasthenic patients with thymomas is reported and compared with results in 97 patients who had thymomas removed through a transsternal approach. In 29 of the former patients the thymomas were unsuspected and found at the time of thymectomy, and in 8 a preoperative chest roentgenogram was suspicious for the presence of a tumor. In the transcervical group there were only 4 invasive thymomas, while in the transsternal group there were 32. In the transcervical group there was no evidence of recurrence in the patients with unsuspected thymomas, and one recurrence in the group with suspected thymomas. In the transsternal group eight patients had known recurrence or persistent disease. The transcervical approach seems appropriate for the removal of small thymomas discovered at the time of thymectomy or suspected from the preoperative work-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Esophageal perforations after forceful dilatation in achalasia.

The reported incidence of esophageal perforation after forceful dilatation in achalasia is between 1-5%. Over the past nine years we have treated five patients with this complication. After demonstrating the perforation with a Gastrografin swallow, a left posterolateral thoracotomy is made. The full-thickness laceration is sutured in two layers. A Heller esophagocardiomyotomy is then performed on the contralateral side of the esophagus. The muscular layer on either side of the esophagocardiomyotomy is mobilized well so as to allow easy closure of the outer muscular layer of the esophagus in the area of the laceration. There were no deaths and minimal morbidity in these five patients, and functional results were excellent. It is concluded that perforations of the esophagus after dilatation in achalasia should be operated on promptly and undergo closure of the laceration with a complimentary esophagocardiomyotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Age distribution of right- and left-sided colorectal cancers.

The age distributions in different anatomic areas of the colorectum were compared in 410 patients. The average age for patients with right-sided cancers (71.3 yr) was significantly higher than that for patients with left-sided cancers (67.5 yr). In addition, there was a significantly higher percentage of patients over the age of 70 (mean age of the whole group) in the right colon group as compared with the left colon group. It was concluded that the older age distribution of right-sided cancers might be explained by the delayed effect of an environmental carcinogen in a population with a longer life expectancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Pseudocysts of the pancreas involving the spleen.

Three case reports of direction extension of pancreatic pseudocysts into the spleen are presented. This unusual complication can occur in both emergent and nonemergent settings. The most useful diagnostic procedures to assess whether there is an intrasplenic pseudocyst are sonograms, CAT scans, splenic scan, and occasionally angiography. The best treatment for this condition is a prompt distal pancreatectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Screening for liver metastases from colorectal cancer with carcinoembryonic antigen and alkaline phosphatase.

A sensitive and economic method of screening for liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer was developed using serum alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen. The upper limit of normal for alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen did not represent the optimal levels for use in predicting liver metastases. However, with alkaline phosphatase greater than 135 I.U., and/or carcinoembryonic antigen greater than 10 ng/ml, sensitivity was 88%: 23 of 26 patients with liver metastases fulfilled either or both criteria. The false-positive rate was 12%. Liver scanning, alone, demonstrated metastases in only 69% of 35 patients with liver metastases. The combination of alkaline phosphatase and carcinoembryonic antigen can be used economically to screen for liver metastases, and to determine which patients should undergo a liver scan.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

Serum cholesterol and human colon cancer.

Comparison of serum cholesterol levels in a matched case-control study indicates that patients with colon cancer have serum cholesterol levels lower than those of controls. In 133 pairs matched by age and sex, serum cholesterol levels were 188 +/- 42 mg/dl for cases and 213 +/- 42 mg/dl for controls (paired t-test = 5.08; P less than 0.001). Following stratification by tumor stage, significant differences in serum cholesterol levels persisted between cases with advanced tumors (Duke's classification C1, C2, and D) and controls (mean serum cholesterol difference, 41 +/- 41 mg/dl; paired t-test = 6.16; P less than 0.001) but not between cases with early tumors (Duke's classification A, B1, and B2) and controls, although the same trend was noted. Matching of 130 early tumors to advanced tumors showed that women, but not men, had a significantly lower serum cholesterol level with advancing disease. The findings support the concept that low serum cholesterol levels observed in colon cancer patients may be the result of the metabolic influence of advanced tumors, at least in women, and may not necessarily precede tumor formation.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1980

Preoperative and postoperative immunological evaluation of patients with colorectal cancer.

Twenty-two patients with cancer of the colon and rectum were studied: preoperative and postoperative cell-mediated and humoral immune factors were assessed, and local concentration of immunoglobulins in tumor tissue and in normal mucosa were measured. Lymphocyte function was found to be reduced in 50% of stage A and B and 66% of stage D patients. On the other hand, when the lymphoblastogenesis was performed in the presence of normal AB plasma, a partial restoration of lymphocyte function was noted, indicating the presence of a serum blocking factor in the blood of these patients. While there was no apparent decrease of B cell subpopulation, 57% of the tested patients showed significant reduction of T lymphocytes. Marked reduction of serum immunoglobulin levels, specifically IgG and IgM, was observed preoperatively followed by a gradual return toward normal values after surgical resection of neoplastic growth. It is noteworthy that tumor tissue contained more IgG and IgA than normal mucosa. However, IgM was below detection level both in normal and tumor tissues.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Serum immunoglobulins in colorectal cancer.

Preoperative serum immunoglobulins were measured in 102 patients with colorectal carcinoma. There were no differences in the mean values of IgA, IgM or IgG between stages. There was an association, however, between advanced stage of disease and a combination of low levels of IgA (less than or equal to 200 mg/dl) or high levels of IgM (greater than or equal to 125 mg/dl). The ratio of IgA/IgM was also found to be lower in advanced disease. It was felt that low levels of IgA and high IgM may represent an altered immune response and thus be a prognostic indicator.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Postoperative complications after right colonic resections for inflammatory bowel disease and carcinoma.

We have compared the postoperative course of patients undergoing right colonic resections for both carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The records of 100 patients with IBD (average age 29) and 85 patients with carcinoma (average age 71) were reviewed. There was a mortality rate of 2.4% in the carcinoma group and 0% in the IBD group. Complications in the carcinoma group (36%) were mainly due to systemic problems, while in the IBD group the complications (28%) were mainly abdominal. The postoperative stay for both groups was similar with a mean stay of 15 days. The high rate of abdominal complications in the IBD was attributed to the increased incidence of infection in this group while the high rate of systemic complications in the carcinoma group was thought to be due to the old age of this group. The relatively high percentage of complications in both groups led to a generally prolonged hospital stay.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels in colorectal carcinoma.

The records of 145 patients with colorectal carcinoma who had preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels measured were evaluated. Preoperative CEA levels were correlated with pathological stage and tumor locations. Increasing levels of CEA were found with advanced stage of disease. Metastatic tumors could be accurately predicted in large percentage of cases. Right-sided colon tumors had lower levels of CEA, compared to left-sided lesions.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗