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Biomedical subjects

G Singer

Publications and source records attributed to G Singer.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Schedule induced self injections of nicotine with recovered body weight.

In a recent series of experiments we have shown that high rates of self injection of nicotine were acquired when rats are at 80% body weight on an FT-1 min food delivery schedule. This rate was significantly higher than that of rats at reduced or normal body weight without food delivery schedules or that of rats injecting saline under three parallel control conditions. In the present experiment naive rats were trained to acquire nicotine self injection at 80% body weight with an FT-1 min food delivery schedule. These rats maintained their self injection rates after they were allowed to regain free feeding body weight. The data indicate that once nicotine intake behavior is established it can be maintained with changing nutritional factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of EMG biofeedback on postoperative pain following abdominal surgery.

To investigate the effects of electromyography (EMG)-biofeedback on pain experienced during the immediate post-operative period following abdominal surgery, twelve patients were randomly assigned to either (1) EMG-biofeedback from abdominal muscles; (2) EMG-biofeedback from the frontalis muscles; or (3) were given no EMG treatment. EMG training consisted on one pre-operative 30 minute session, and three 30 minute postoperative sessions. All patients were able to reduce EMG activity. A within-sessions analysis of pain reports (on a 0-10 pain intensity scale) indicated that EMG biofeedback is an effective method of pain relief only when feedback is given to the muscle site involved in the operation.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Behavioral teratogenesis: a critical evaluation.

A critical review of some relevant literature concerning the effects of prenatal administration of drugs and several other substances on postnatal behavior. Significant variables and problems in the adequate design of experiments to assess these effects are discussed. Although the evidence concerning prenatal drug effects on behavior is equivocal, sufficient data exist to indicate that this will continue to be a viable and important area of research in the future. Present results demonstrate the complexity of drug interactions with other variables.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1976

Intracranial injections of 6-OHDA. Comparison of catecholamine-depleting effects of different volumes and concentrations.

Fluorescence histochemistry was used to assess monoamine depletion after injections of 6-OHDA into selected brain areas. Two volumes (2 and 4 mul) and 4 concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 8 mug/mul) of 6-OHDA were injected into the olfactory tubercle, the posterior lateral hypothalamus and the lateral hyopthalamus. Selective destruction of catecholamine-containing neurons resulted from all injections of 6-OHDA with the exception of the 2 lowest doses (2 and 4 mul of 1 mug/mul) and the highest dose (4 mul of 8 mug/mul) which produced nonspecific damage of brain parenchyma. The results indicate that, in addition to the selection of an effective dose, it is also possible to choose a site of injection which will produce a maximal area of specific depletion. In cases where injections into terminal areas caused limited specific depletion the same dose injected into preterminal axons often caused a more widespread loss of fluorescence. With volume, concentration and anatomical location being important variables to consider, caution is needed in the interpretation of behavioural experiments. When using 6-OHDA it is necessary to show that specific depletion of catecholamines has been achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effects of intracranial injections of 6-OHDA on food and water intakes, body temperature and body weight regulation in the rat.

6-Hydroxydopamine was injected either intraventricularly (320 mug in 10 mul) or intrahypothalamically (64 mug in 2 mul) into rats kept under either free feeding or body weight reduced conditions. Intraventricular injections caused a temporary aphagia and hypodipsia in free feeding rats but daily measurements failed to reveal any long term effects; body weight reduced rats did not display the temporary aphagia but were initially hyperphagic. Injections into the more rostral hypothalamic areas of free feeding rats also showed only minimal short term effects; however, some of the body weight in both body weight reduced group died within several days of injection. Injections made at more posterior loci again showed very little effect in both body weight reduced and free feeding groups; some temporary disruption of feeding occurred from lesions in the proximity of the zone incerta of some free feeding animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Schedule induced behavior: a review of its generality, determinants and pharmacological data.

Adjunctive or schedule induced behavior can be defined as an increase in the frequency of occurrence of an unreinforced behavior in the presence of conditions requiring an intermittent reinforced response, compared with the frequency of that behavior when no intermittent response is required. Although recognition has been given to the occurrence of other schedule induced behaviors it has most frequently been studied as schedule induced polydipsia in a rat on a food delivery schedule. In the present paper recent work on other schedule induced behaviors is reviewed including behaviors occurring in conjunction with nonconsumatory schedule parameters. These range from wheel running in the rat to game playing and maze solving in humans. This paper is also concerned with the review of pharmacological variables including the effects of peripheral and central administration. It is concluded that there may be either quantitative or qualitative differences in drug effects when schedule induced drinking is compared with deprivation induced drinking. A general activation theory [61] that adjunctive behaviors is the result of an increase in the excitability of motor pathways which lead through the lateral hypothalamus can account for the data presented in this and earlier reviews but is too broad in its conception to make specific predictions about the relationships between schedule induced and schedule controlled behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Noradrenergic feeding system in monkey hypothalamus is altered by localized perfusion of glucose, insulin, 2-DG and eating.

Hypothalamic sites in the monkey were labelled by micro-injections of 3H-NE and successive push-pull perfusions were carried out at a rate of 25 mul/min. When the monkey was fed, 3H-NE within the perifornical region increased. When 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was added to the perfusate, 3H-NE release was also enhanced, whereas insulin perfused at the same rate caused a delated increase in catecholamine levels as reflected by increased radioactivity. Glucose supressed the release of 3H-NE, suggesting overall that the noradrenergic feeding system in the hypothalamus of the monkey is modulated by the regional level of glucose as well as the local concentration of insulin.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The interactive effects of prenatal imipramine exposure and postnatal rearing conditions on behaviour and histology.

Offspring of rats given oral doses of Saline or Imipramine (5 mg/kg) from 14-21 days prior to mating till parturition were reared, after weaning, in deprived or enriched environments. At 25-27 days and at 80-83 days the home cage behaviour of the Ss reared in the enriched environment was observed. Histological measures of brain development in both the deprived and enriched Ss were taken at the conclusion of behavioural observations. The Imipramine exposed offspring failed to show the characteristic histological changes associated with enriched rearing conditions. In addition they were behaviourally unresponsive and spent significantly less time than the Saline offspring interacting with other animals and the environment. It was argued that the physiological and behavioural unresponsiveness of the Imipramine offspring was due to a subtle teratogenic effect which prevented the Ss from interacting with the environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

An experimental brief course in sexual behaviour and counseling.

A brief course in sexual behaviour and counseling was given to a sample of 30 fifth-year medical students from Monash University, as an adjunct to their curriculum in gynaecology. The effectiveness of the course in increasing the student's knowledge of sexual behaviour and ability in sexual counselling, and in reducing anticipated anxiety or embarrassment in sexual discussions, was assessed by precourse and postcourse measures. It was concluded that the course was reasonably successful in achieving these aims and provides a basis for desirable future developments in this area.

Adult↗