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Biomedical subjects

G Simon

Publications and source records attributed to G Simon.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Gingival recession in relation to history of hard toothbrush use.

Gingival recession studies in the U.S. have related primarily to sex and age with little consideration of toothbrush hardness. This preliminary study examined the relation between a history of hard toothbrush use and gingival recession. A total of 182 subjects, male and female, between 18 and 65 years of age, with a minimum of 18 natural teeth, no advanced periodontitis or history of periodontal surgery were examined. Gingival recession was scored as present whenever the free gingival margin was apical to the cemento-enamel junction and root surface was exposed. History of hard toothbrush use was ascertained. Eighty-two subjects had a history of hard toothbrush use, 77 did not, and 23 did not know. The percentage of subjects with recession increased with age from 43% to 81%, with a figure of 63% for all age groups combined. Males tended to show slightly greater levels of recession than females. Regression analysis showed that females had about 4 percentage points less receded surfaces than males. Recession was also found to be more pronounced for subjects with a history of hard toothbrush use, with a mean of 9.4% receded surfaces versus 4.7% for those who had never used a hard brush. For users of hard toothbrushes, the percent of surfaces with recession showed a significant and dramatic increase with increasing brushing frequency; this effect did not exist for those without a history of hard brush use. The relation with age was highly significant, with regression analysis showing that the percent of surfaces with recession tends to increase about 3.5 percentage points per decade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of antihypertensive and beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist effect of nebivolol and atenolol in essential hypertension.

dl-nebivolol is a new, chemically unique, selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, without sympathomimetic activity. In the present study, the antihypertensive and negative chronotropic effects of 5 and 10 mg once-daily nebivolol were compared to those of 50 and 100 mg once-daily atenolol in 25 white, male subjects with essential hypertension, using a double-blind, crossover design, and a parallel placebo-treated group of subjects (N = 7). 24 hours after dosing, sitting and standing diastolic and systolic blood pressures and heart rates (at rest and during submaximal exercise) were reduced to the same extent by nebivolol and atenolol. On a weight-for-weight basis, nebivolol is ten times more potent than atenolol. Nebivolol and atenolol also reduced 1-hour ambulatory plasma renin activity. Once-daily nebivolol is an effective antihypertensive beta-adrenoceptor antagonist.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

[Mesenteric lymph node cavitations in Whipple's disease. Apropos of a case].

We report a computed tomographic and echographic description of lymphadenopathy during a Whipple's disease. The computed tomography find low density of involved lymph nodes because of the high fatty charge, ultrasound revealed diffusely echogenic aspect. This cavitation was highly suggestive of Whipple's disease. Moreover, the computed tomography allows the follow-up of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Radial keratotomy, corneal hydration and intraocular pressure. Experimental study].

Radial keratotomy reduces myopia by flattening the central cornea. The role of wound hydration, length and depth of incisions, intraocular pressure and general weakening of the cornea play a part in this process. The relative importance of these factors is not clear. We examined the effect of wound hydration on an 8 incision radial keratotomy (RK) procedure performed on cadaver eyes. The cornea was moistened with balanced salt solution. A mean change of 10 D was achieved after 30 minutes. The corneal dehydration induced by Dextran B was associated with a significant reduction (10 D) in RK induced corneal flattening. It would appear that the radial incision induced keratometric change is a preliminary result of wound hydration. Intraocular pressure within the physiological range had very minimal influence (< 1.5 D) on corneal flattening.

Body Water↗
PubMed1993

Femur fractures caused by gunshots: treatment by immediate reamed intramedullary nailing.

Fractures of the femur caused by gunshots are increasingly common. There is no standard treatment of these fractures since there are no clear guidelines relating these injuries to open fracture classification. We reviewed our experience with such fractures, which included 65 patients who had an immediate reamed intramedullary nail placed as treatment. The soft-tissue injury, vascular injury, missile velocity, and length of hospital stay were evaluated. We found that all patients healed with no infections. The overall morbidity and average hospital stay were decreased compared with studies advocating delayed intramedullary nailing and prolonged intravenous antibiotics. We recommend that patients with fractures of the femur caused by gunshots are candidates for immediate reamed intramedullary nailing providing that there is only mild to moderate soft-tissue contamination and no evidence of major devitalization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Joint uptake and body distribution of a technetium-99m-labeled anti-rat-CD4 monoclonal antibody in rat adjuvant arthritis.

Joint uptake and body distribution of a 99mTc-labeled monoclonal antibody (Mab) to the rat CD4 molecule (W3/25; IgG1) were investigated after intravenous injection in normal rats and in animals with experimentally induced adjuvant arthritis. An isotype-matched Mab with irrelevant specificity (anti-human carcino-embryonic-antigen) was used as control. A 4 hr sequential gamma-camera imaging revealed that both anti-CD4 and control Mab accumulated to a higher degree in arthritic than in normal ankle joints; the accumulation was comparable for the two Mabs. In contrast to the inflamed joints, a specific accumulation of the anti-CD4 Mab was found in organs rich in CD4-positive cells, i.e. spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes, as assessed by direct well counter measurements 16 hr after injection. The control Mab displayed no preferential organ accumulation in either normal or diseased animals. These results indicate that a specific accumulation of anti-CD4 Mabs occurs in CD4-positive-cell-rich tissues in both normal and diseased animals and that immunoglobulins accumulate preferentially in inflamed joints regardless of their antibody specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

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Child↗
PubMed1993

[Optical power of the corneal epithelium].

The refracting power of the corneal epithelium is relatively unknown. We measured the keratometric refracting power of the cornea in two series of 10 fresh bank eyes and on five cat eyes with and without epithelium. The readings were performed at the 2 and 3.6 mm optical zones with an automated keratometer and with a videokeratoscope (TMS-1). The mean change was +1.30 D (0.55-1.85 D) at the 2 mm optical zone and 0.85 D (0.2-1.6 D) at the 3.6 mm optical zone in the first series of 10 eyes. The optical power of the epithelium was most significant within the central cornea. By removing the epithelium there was an increase in corneal refracting power and a change in the power and axis of astigmatism. We discuss the consequences of these findings and how they might affect the outcome of photorefractive keratectomy or other similar keratorefractive procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of fluconazole suppositories in healthy volunteers.

Fluconazole (Diflucan, CAS 86386-73-4) suppositories offer a novel way to administer this systemically active antimycotic. The pharmacokinetics and toleration of this new formulation have now been examined in healthy adult volunteers. In crossover experiments the bioequivalence was demonstrated for 200 mg suppositories and 200 mg capsules, and for 25 mg suppositories and 25 mg fluconazole in an oral suspension. The mean bioavailability of the 200 mg suppository relative to the capsule was about 93%. The mean bioavailability of the 25 mg suppository relative to the oral suspension was 107%. Absorption of fluconazole after administration of the suppositories was, however, somewhat slower than after oral ingestion of the capsule or suspension. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the 200 mg and 25 mg suppositories suggest that the kinetics of rectally administered fluconazole are linear with dosage. Daily administration of the 200 mg suppository gives a continuous increase in the mean fluconazole plasma concentration, until steady-state is reached on about the 5th day. The systemic and local toleration of the fluconazole suppositories was good.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Subpressor angiotensin II is a bifunctional growth factor of vascular muscle in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The proposition that angiotensin II in subpressor does stimulates vascular growth in vivo was tested. DESIGN: Young adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats received angiotensin II, 200 ng/kg per min intraperitoneally by osmotic minipump, for 24 h or 7-10 days. Sham-infused rats served as controls. METHODS: Protein (35S-methionine) synthesis in aortic media, portal vein, bladder wall and diaphragm; proteoglycan (35S-sulfate) synthesis in aorta and bladder and synthesis of DNA (3H-thymidine) in aortic media were all measured ex vivo in the rat. RESULTS: The systolic blood pressure of angiotensin II-treated rats was unchanged at 24 h and increased at 7-10 days. At 24 h in angiotensin II-treated rats the protein synthesis in aortic media, portal vein and bladder wall but not in the diaphragm was increased, indicating that the hypertrophic effect of angiotensin II was independent of the arterial pressure. The rate of 35S-methionine washout from angiotensin II- and sham-treated aorta was the same. At 24 h there was also an increase in proteoglycans synthesis of the aorta and bladder wall of angiotensin II-treated rats. In contrast to protein synthesis, the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into aortic muscle DNA was reduced in angiotensin II-treated rats at 24 h, suggesting the inhibition of DNA synthesis. At 7-10 days angiotensin II administration the protein synthesis of aortic media returned to baseline, and DNA synthesis was bimodal: in 53% of rats (n = 10) inhibition continued, and in 26% (n = 5) it was increased by two- to threefold. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings confirm in vivo the bifunctionality of the trophic vascular action of angiotensin II. Vascular hypertrophy may play a role in the slow pressor action of angiotensin II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

Stimulation of vascular Na-K pump with subpressor angiotensin II in rats.

The effect of subpressor doses of angiotensin II (ANG II) on vascular Na-K pump activity and Na-H exchange, two transmembrane signals of trophic stimulation of vascular muscle, was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) were given subpressor doses of ANG II by osmotic minipump intraperitoneally for 24 hr or 7-10 days. Control rats received sham procedure/vehicle infusion. Na-K pump activity (86Rb uptake), total and intracellular (Li exchange at 4 degrees C) Na content, and amiloride-sensitive and -insensitive Na uptake of aortas were measured ex vivo. Ouabain-sensitive 86Rb uptake of aortas of rats receiving 80-100, 160-180, and 240-260 ng/kg.min-1 of ANG II for 24 hr was 26.6 +/- 3.5, 28.8 +/- 3.4, and 29.1 +/- 2.6 nmol/mg dry wt.15 min-1 (mean +/- SD, n = 7-12), respectively, compared with 25.2 +/- 3.8 in controls (n = 23, P less than 0.01). These increases were maintained at 7-10 days. After 24 hr and 7-10 days of ANG II treatment, the total Na content of aortas was increased by 9.2% (P less than 0.01) and 7.6% (P less than 0.02), respectively, without a change in intracellular Na content, indicating accumulation of excess extracellular Na. Total and amiloride-sensitive Na uptake of the aorta was unchanged after 24 hr or 7-10 days of ANG II administration. The dry weight of anatomically defined segments of the aorta was 40 +/- 3.8 mg/kg body wt (n = 25) after 24 hr and 42 +/- 4.4 (n = 20) after 7-10 days of ANG II administration, compared with 37 +/- 4.8 (n = 15, P less than 0.05) and 37 +/- 4.9 (n = 17, P less than 0.01) in appropriate controls. Increased Na-K pump activity may signal the onset of trophic stimulation of vascular muscle by ANG II.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1992

[Iliac artery-ureteral fistula after aorto-iliac reconstructive surgery (apropos of 3 cases)].

The authors report 3 cases of ilio-ureteric fistulae following aorto-iliac reconstructive surgery. They also review 6 similar cases published in the worldwide literature. All of these cases have in common the appearance of a uretero-arterial fistula several years after the vascular operation on the iliac artery. The postoperative course of iliac thromboendarterectomy appears to be principally responsible, as in the 3 cases presented here, resulting in a pseudoaneurysm over the arteriotomy closure, especially as a patch angioplasty had been performed. This complication is exceptional. The diagnosis must be suspected in the case of profuse haematuria and a suggestive history and should be confirmed, when possible, by intravenous urography, retrograde ureteropyelography, arteriography, or even computed tomography. Treatment is complex and consists of a vascular and urological procedure depending on the degree of urgency and the possibilities of reconstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Cross reactivity among the ligands of the 7 helix family.

"Specific" drugs for receptors of the 7 helix family inhibited in high doses other receptors of the same family, as well. Atropine inhibited [3-H]-clonidine binding, beta-adrenergic drugs: propranolol, betoxalol, ICI 118.551 inhibited labelled QNB binding to all the 3 main subtypes of muscarinic receptors. Authors propose the existence of common features in the ligand binding sites of the receptors of 7 helix family.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1992

Improved detection of homology in distantly related proteins: similarity of adducin with actin-binding proteins.

A novel and generally applicable method is described for the detection of homology in distantly related proteins using a new domain sequence database that contains over 20,000 protein sequence segments of known function. The use of the method is illustrated on distantly related domains shared by complement components C1S and C1R, calcium-dependent serine proteinase and bone morphogenetic protein 1. New homologies are shown between human adducin and the actin-binding domains of alfa-actinin and dystrophin.

Actinin↗
PubMed1992

Quality of life improvements in CAPD patients treated with subcutaneously administered erythropoietin for anemia.

Twenty-two continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, mean age 48 years, at 3 U.K. renal units were assessed with the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) before and after treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO). Mean (SD) hemoglobin (Hb) at baseline was 7.5 (1.0) gm/dL and 10.8 (1.5) gm/dL at retest. There were significant improvements in energy (p less than 0.0001), social life (p less than 0.005), relationships at home (p less than 0.05) and leisure pursuits (p less than 0.05). Twelve patients, mean age 51 years, who had already completed more than 9 months on r-HuEPO treatment were reassessed to determine the changes sustained. Mean (SD) Hb at second retest was 12.8 (1.3) gm/dL. Improvement in energy continued to be significant, and emotional wellbeing showed further improvement. Problems with household tasks, which had not shown significant improvement at Test B, were now considerably reduced (p = 0.016). The study showed far-reaching benefits similar to those reported in hemodialysis patients, in a population with a higher mean age and higher potential coexisting illness or disability than most reported hemodialysis studies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Gel injection adjustable keratoplasty.

Gel injection adjustable keratoplasty (GIAK) is a new refractive surgical procedure designed for the correction of myopia by injection of a gel substance into the peripheral corneal stroma. This paper describes the GIAK technique and reports the results obtained in 21 fresh cadaveric eyes using the procedure. After a deep interlamellar canal has been dissected with a helicoid spatula surrounding the visual axis, the gel is injected under keratometric control. In the 1st group of 14 eyes, the degree of correction varied from 2.2 to 12.8 D; there was a direct relationship between the amount of gel injected and the keratometric change. In the 2nd group of 7 eyes, the adjustability of the procedure was demonstrated. Through partial extraction of the gel and subsequent modification of the corneal curvature, the previously induced keratometric changes could be reversed or altered to a specific extent. Following the initial injection of gel to a targeted flattest meridian power of 35 D, an average value of 35.8 +/- 0.5 D was achieved in these eyes. We subsequently attempted to increase the flattest meridian to 40 D by partial removal of the gel and achieved a mean value of 40.2 +/- 0.4 D. Average presurgical astigmatism of 1.497 +/- 0.737 D was reduced to a postsurgical reading of 0.941 +/- 0.590 D (P = 0.005, Student's paired t-test), indicating an autocorrection by autodistribution of the gel inside the canaliculus (Laplace's law). GIAK is a simple, inexpensive procedure designed for the correction of myopia that has the added advantage of reducing preexisting astigmatism without encroaching on the visual axis.

Astigmatism↗