Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G Silverman.
Maximum incisal biting force was measured in 21 subjects by gnathodynamometry. Biting force was directly related to the quality of the denture support tissues. Biting force was increased and denture dislodgements reduced, especially in those with unsatisfactory support tissues, by the use of a test adhesive.
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Detection rates were determined for multiple flashes (20-msec duration, 7.5 arc min dia) presented foveally to one eye while the other eye had either a uniform target (the "monocular" condition), a congruent grating (fusion), or an orthogonal grating (rivalry). Average detection rates were highest in the monocular condition, and they were about the same in fusion and rivalry. In all conditions, the typical error (some 70% of all errors) was one stimulus missed out of several simultaneously presented. It was concluded that sensitivity fluctuates over the fovea, even in the absence of contours in the other eye. In two observers, the ratio of detection rates for the two eyes was about the same for all conditions; in two other observers, this ratio decreased (eye dominance increased) in fusion, and especially in rivalry, relative to the monocular condition. The question is raised whether a common link exists between spontaneous fluctuations of sensitivity and those induced by dichoptic contours.
The effectiveness of potassium nitrate (5%, delivered in a low abrasive toothpaste vehicle) as a daily home treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity was evaluated in a 4-week, double-blind, parallel, comparative study of 27 subjects with the condition. Hypersensitivity levels in affected teeth were assessed by two quantifying methods--electrical stimulus and cold air stimulus--and by a subjective recall procedure. The results from these three methods of assessment indicate that potassium nitrate desensitizes hypersensitive teeth to a significant degree. The therapeutic response (decline in dentinal hypersensitivity) to potassium nitrate was evident within 1 week and increased continuously for the length of the study period. Sensitivity threshold of teeth adjudged to be normally sensitive were not altered by treatment with potassium nitrate, nor did the agent exert any discernable effects on oral tissues.
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In a well-controlled, double-blind, parallel study design using burnishing with 33% sodium fluoride paste and "sham" burnishing with a placebo paste, both a cold air stimulus method and an electrical stimulus method can discriminate between levels of dentinal hypersensitivity. Correlation between the scores obtained by the methods was significant. The electrical stimulus method discriminated between the sodium fluoride and placebo effects to a greater degree than did the cold air method. Use of these methods should broaden the scientific foundation and rationale for evaluating the condition of dentinal hypersensitivity and the agents designed for treatment of persons with this condition.
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Two groups, 10 subjects in each, one consisting of depressed patients and the others normal controls, ranked photographs of faces for two sets of six constructs. One set consisted of the critical constructs of the Bannister and Fransella grid test, while the other set of constructs were all related to affect. The depressed patients showed a higher intensity score for affective constructs than did the normal subjects. There was no difference for critical constructs. The affective intensity score decreased on two further retestings for the depressed group; for the normal group they remained reasonably constant. These results may shed light on the reorganization in construing aspects of affect which occurs with depression and its remission.
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A detection system is described which is capable of monitoring animal movements without apparent effect upon the behavior of test animals. Data demonstrate its successful application in measuring either open field activity or freezing behavior in several species of animals. The system can be constructed at low cost and has proven to be both sensitive and reliable.
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