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Biomedical subjects

G Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to G Shapiro.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Inhibition of influenza viral mRNA synthesis in cells expressing the interferon-induced Mx gene product.

Interferons alpha and beta induce an efficient antiviral state against influenza virus in mouse cells that possess the Mx gene, but not in mouse cells that lack this gene. In Mx-containing cells treated with interferon the amount of viral mRNA synthesized as a result of primary transcription is drastically reduced. Only two viral mRNAs could be detected by Northern analysis and by translating the poly(A)+ RNA from infected cells in wheat germ extracts: a reduced amount of the mRNA for nonstructural protein 1 and an even lower amount of the mRNA for the matrix protein. The other viral mRNAs were not made in detectable amounts. In addition, the rate of viral mRNA synthesis catalyzed by the inoculum transcriptase, measured by in vitro RNA synthesis catalyzed by permeabilized cells, was severely inhibited. In contrast, interferon treatment of cells lacking the Mx gene had little or no effect on either the steady-state level or the rate of synthesis of viral mRNAs made by the inoculum transcriptase. These results indicate that the interferon-induced Mx gene product, a 75,000-molecular-weight protein that accumulates in the nucleus, inhibits influenza viral mRNA synthesis which occurs in the nucleus. No Mx-specific effect acting directly on viral protein synthesis in the cytoplasm was observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The acute and chronic effects of sulfonylurea therapy in type II diabetic subjects.

Although sulfonylurea agents have been used in the clinical management of type II diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) for over two decades, the mechanisms responsible for their hypoglycemic action remain controversial. We have quantitated glycemic control, endogenous insulin secretion in response to mixed meals, adipocyte insulin binding, insulin-mediated peripheral glucose disposal, and basal hepatic glucose output in 17 type II diabetic subjects before and after 3 mo of therapy with the second-generation, sulfonylurea compound glyburide in an attempt to identify the factors responsible for the clinical response to the drug. In addition, 9 subjects were treated for an additional 15 mo to see if the response to the drug changed with time. The mean fasting serum glucose level fell from an initial value of 264 +/- 17 mg/dl to 178 +/- 16 mg/dl after 3 mo of drug therapy. Endogenous insulin secretion increased in all subjects, but the increase was most marked in those subjects who continued to exhibit fasting hyperglycemia (fasting serum glucose greater than 175 mg/dl) after 3 mo of therapy. Adipocyte insulin binding was unchanged after 3 mo of therapy, while the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal was increased by 23%, indicating enhancement of peripheral insulin action at a postreceptor site(s). Basal hepatic glucose output showed a significant correlation with the fasting serum glucose level both before and after therapy (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001) and fell from 141 +/- 12 mg/m2/min before therapy to 107 +/- 11 mg/m2/min after 3 mo of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1981

Retrograde flow in the left gonadal vein at abdominal angiography: an anatomo-physiological review and clinical assessment.

Retrograde flow in the left gonadal vein may be visualized in the venous phase of aortography or renal arteriography. In none of 13 cases was this due to a mass lesion at the renal hilum. Although the Valsalva maneuver may cause this flow reversal in some, in most cases it is due to anatomical structures or variants compressing the renal vein. These are detailed. Left gonadal vein reflux incidentally detected on the aortogram may thus indicate impaired left renal venous drainage and its consequences. There are also clinical and urographic constellations which merit aortography to detect left gonadal vein reflux for their elucidation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Induction of ovulation with spironolactone (Aldactone) in anovulatory oligomenorrheic and hyperandrogenic women.

Thirteen anovulatory oligomenorrheic, hyperandrogenic, and normoprolactinemic women were treated with spironolactone (aldactone) throughout six consecutive menstrual cycles in a dosage of 100 to 150 mg/day. During this treatment a significant decrease in serum luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, prolactin, and 17-ketosteroid values were observed that were accompanied by ovulation in 11 women (85%), according to basal body temperature (BBT) and progesterone values. In addition, improvement of hirsutism was observed in 9 (70%) and restoration of regular cycles in 11 (85%) of the patients. The side effects observed were mild and did not lead to interruption of the treatment. Our data suggest that the antiandrogenic properties of spironolactone render it a suitable agent in the treatment of anovulatory, oligomenorrheic, and hyperandrogenic women.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1980

A novel use of spironolactone: treatment of hirsutism.

An excess of androgens is the recognized cause of hirsutism in women. In this study, the antiandrogenic properties of spironolactone were tested clinically in 30 hirsute women. The drug was administered from the 4th to the 22nd day of each menstrual cycle. The moderate side effects in no case forced interruption of the treatment. Hair growth diminished substantially in 23 of the patients, the effect becoming evident 3-5 months after the commencement of treatment. Serum testosterone concentrations decreased in all patients, and estradiol increased in 25 women. Our data suggest that the antiandrogenic properties of spironolactone render it a suitable agent in the treatment of hirsutism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Arteriography and chemotherapy in localized trophoblastic disease, by means of local- (pelvic-) intraarterial infusion.

In spite of considerable progress in systemic chemotherapy in malignant throphoblastic disease, there remains a small group of patients who fail to respond to this type of therapy. Here the trophoblastic process may be localized by means of an arteriography, and treated by a local, intraarterial infusion of cytotoxic compounds in high concentration. The latter makes possible the treatment of processes localized in essential organs which are hard to remove, as well as in young women wishing to preserve their reproductive capacity. Our experiences is limited to one case of a young woman with chorioadenoma destruens in the uterus, resistant to systemic chemotherapy, yet successfully treated with pelvic, intraarterial infusion of cytotoxics.

Adult↗