[Can checkups of 4-year-olds really take place in the home?].
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Child, Preschool↗
Biomedical subjects
G Schmidt
Publications and source records attributed to G Schmidt.
Fatal poisoning with verapamil.
The toxicologic findings in a case of fatal poisoning with verapamil (Isoptin) are are presented. For isolation of verapamil the biologic material was subjected to protein precipitation. The aqueous solutions were acidified with hydrochloric acid, prepurified by extraction with ether, and subsequently the basic drug verapamil was isolated by ion pair extraction with chloroform. Quantitative determination of verapamil was carried out by gas chromatography using a nitrogen specific flame ionization detector. The following concentrations of verapamil were measured: liver 5500 ng/g, kidney 2000 ng/g, blood 590 ng/g, urine 250 ng/g, gastric contents 3 mg (total). During examination by the police it was claimed by a witness that two tablets of Isoptin had been taken before death. After application of a therapeutic dose of Isoptin peak concentrations of 11 and 30 ng/g of blood cells and of 30 and 65 ng/g of plasma were measured in two healthy subjects; the latter figures corresponded well to previous findings of other authors, who investigated plasma concentrations of verapamil after therapeutic administration. In the case presented here, the blood concentration of 590 ng/g clearly demonstrated that an extreme overdose must have been taken before death.
Adult↗
[Can routine checking of 4-year-olds be done at home?].
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Child Health Services↗
Hepatocelluilar carcinoma: a possible complication of oral contraceptive steroids.
A patient was found to have developed a primary hepatocellular carcinoma after taking an oral contraceptive steroid preparation for four years. After resection of the tumour over five years ago, and resumption of the birth control Pill, a recurrent hepatocellular caricnoma has developed. The risk of this complicationis extremely small and appears to be related to the duration of ingestion of the drug and to the amount of oestrogen present in the preparation used. The modes of presentation of these tumours and the methods of investigation are outlined, and the high incidence of spontaneous rupture causing life-threatening intraperitoneal haemorrhage is emphasized.
Adult↗
Complement activation by the properdin system: formation of a stoichiometric. C3 cleaving complex of properdin factor B with C36.
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Complement C3↗
A C5'-centred deoxyribose radical in single crystals of 5-chloro-and 5-bromodeoxyuridine X-irradiated at low temperatures.
X-irradiation at 77 K and subsequent warming to 150 K of single crystals of 5-chloro-and 5-bromodeoxyuridine produces a radical located at position C5' of the deoxyribose moiety. The radical exhibits identical spectral properties in both crystal systems. It is characterized by interaction of the unpaired electron with an alpha-proton(-17-0, -8-7, -33-7G), a beta-proton (18-6, 21-3, 17-5 G) as well as an OH-proton (4-8, 7-9, 12-8 G). The principal values of the g-tensor are 2-0034, 2-0049 and 2-0042. The spectral parameters are discussed in relation to those of the same or similar radicals in other nucleosides (-tides).
Bromodeoxyuridine↗
Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae bacteriophage particles catalysing cell wall lipopolysaccharide degradation.
Using pairs of smooth and rough forms of Enterobacteriaceae, six smooth-specific bacteriophages were isolated from sewage and another was obtained from Dr Hedda Milch, Budapest. Upon incubation of the individual extracted (smooth) host cell wall lipopolysaccharides with the homologous purified viruses, liberation of reducing groups (i.e. of about di- to nonasaccharides) was observed in four cases, indicating the action of glycanases - but no liberation of acetic acid, indicating the absence of esterase activity. Under the electron microscope, all phages were seen to exhibit Bradley group B or C morphology and to carry tail spikes.
Bacteriophages↗
Genetic determinants of the synthesis of the polysaccharide capsular antigen K27(A) of Escherichia coli.
Most of the his+ hybrids from crosses between the Escherichia coli donor Hfr45(O8:K27) and different E. coli O9 recipients expressed the donor O8 antigen specificity and produced the capsular antigen K27. Therefore these hybrids must have inherited the his-linked donor rfb region determining the synthesis of O8- specific polysaccharides as well as his-linked genes involved in K27 antigen synthesis. In the living state these hybrids were inagglutinable in O8 antiserum like the donor cells. However, when E. coli K12 and O8:K42- were used as recipients most of the his+ hybrids were agglutinable in O8 and K27 antisera. The amounts of K27 antigen present in these hybrids, designated as K27i (intermediate) forms, were sufficient to evoke the production of K27 antibodies in rabbits, but insufficient to inhibit O-agglutination of the respective cells. The additional transfer of the trp region of E. coli O8:K27 into such K27i forms frequently resulted in O-inagglutinable K27+ hybrids. This is attributed to the introduction of trp-linked genes which apparently play a role in the synthesis of K27 capsular antigen. Tus it is concluded that at least two gene loci, one close to his and the other close to trp, are required for the synthesis of the complete capsular antigen K27.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Demonstration of enterobacterial common antigen by bacterial agglutination.
Potent antisera against the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) agglutinate R bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family that possess unimpaired R-core structures of the Escherichia coli R1 or E. coli R4 core type. In these strains, known to be ECA immunogenic, ECA is most probably linked to the lipopolysaccharide R core. R mutants of other core types (e.g., Salmonella Ra, E. coli R2 or R3) or R mutants with incomplete core structures of the E. coli R1 type, as well as an rfaL mutant deficient in the O-translocase system, agglutinate to a much lesser extent or not at all. All the later mutants are nonimmunogenic; they possess the ECA in a free form, not linked to the R core. None of the S forms tested from many different enterobacterial genera was found to be agglutinable with the ECA antiserum. The dynamics of the ECA agglutinin formation in rabbits parallels the ECA hemagglutinin formation, indicating that the same antibody class might be involved in bacterial agglutination and hemagglutination.
Agglutination↗
Separation and characterization of red blood cells from newborns and infants during the first trimenon of life by means of a dextran density gradient. Density distribution curves of erythrocytes and reticulocytes.
Longitudinal studies on the density of erythrocytes and reticulocytes were performed by means of the isopyknic density gradient centrifugation in dextran on three mature newborns and six premature infants during the first 3 months of life. Striking changes of the density distribution curves of red blood cells took place during the first trimenon. Median density (D50) reached its maximum between the 7th and 28th day of life. D50 of reticulocytes was lower than that of the total red blood cell population and shows similar changes to the whole cell population during the first trimenon after birth. Based on the close relationship between D50 and the percentage of lightest cells, the evaluation of the percentage of the lightest cells was recommended as a simple test to study the changes in median density.
Blood Cell Count↗
[Determination of the KM-value of the fumarase (E.C. 4.2.1.2) with bencyclan-hydrogenfumarate as the substrate (author's transl)].
The Michaelis-Menten constant for fumarase (E.C. 4.2.1.2) has been determined by measuring the enzyme activity by the spectrophotometric method of Racker, which depends on the formation or disappearance of the double bond of fumaric acid. When using Na2-fumarate or bencyclan hydrogenfumarate (Fludilat), respectively, as a substrate, a KM-value of 1.3 X 10(-3) M was found for both substances. In a linked assay where the formation of NADH in the reaction of fumarate leads to malate leads to oxaloacetate was used as a parameter for the reaction rate, a KM-value of 1.35 X 10(-3) M was found.
Animals↗
Mechanism of senescence of red blood cells.
An integral hypothesis is submitted on the interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors in the mechanism of senescence of erythrocytes and on their selective phagocytosis by autologous macrophages. A method that allows quantitative determination and preparative yield of senescent erythrocytes is proposed.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Factors and conditions essential for activation of the fifth component of complement and release of anaphylatoxin (C5a).
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Anaphylatoxins↗
[Nitrogen balances and clinical development in the case of post-operative infusion therapy with solution of essential and complete amino acids ].
Nitrogen balance was studied in eleven patients receiving parenteral nutrition after operation. None of nine patients showed evidence of azotaemia. In two patients suffering from renal insufficiency in a stage of compensated retention there was no deterioration of metabolism as an immediate consequence of operation. The use of essential amino acids did not reveal any advantage over the infusion of a complete amino acid solution of high value.
Adult↗
[Anti-ulcer agent pirenzepine (LS 519)--a tricyclic compound with particular physico-chemical properties (author's transl)].
Compound 5,11-dihydro-11-[(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)acetyl]-6H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one dihydrochloride (pirenzepine, L-S 519) represents a new type of drug in ulcer therapy. It has been selected for broad clinical investigations because of its outstanding pharmacological profile. Pirenzepine is devoid of any central activity despite certain structural similarities in relation to psychotropic tricyclic compounds. The extraordinary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of this compound can be easily derived from its inherent physicochemical properties: The inability to pass the blood-brain barrier as well as its inability to activate the unspecific and specific psychotropic receptors is due to thermodynamic factors.
Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
[Diuretic and saluretic effects of bemetizide and triamterene compared to those of their combination (author's transl)].
The diuretic and saluretic effect of the benzothiadiazine derivative 3-(a-methylbenzyl)-6-chlore-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-diozide (bemetizide) and the pteridine derivative 2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine (triamterene) were compared with those of their combination in the animal experiment on rats. Dose-effect relationships at a ratio of 1:2. The combination displayed marked advantages over the individual substances. The mixing proportion of 1:2 may be considered suitable.
Animals↗
Action of bencyclane-hydrogen-fumarate on the carbohydrate metabolism of bovine lens homogenates.
1-Benzyl-1-(3-dimethylaminopropoxy)cycloheptane (bencyclane-hydrogen-fumarate; Fludilat) in a concentration of 10-2 M effects an increase in the O2 consumption and the formation of CO2 in a 10% bovine lens homogenate. This effect is even increased if the glucose-substrate supply is raised from 25 mM to 37 mM. Investigations on the concentrations at ATP, ADP and AMP show that bencyclane is able to stabilize the physiologic distribution pattern of the three free adenine nucleotides. Further, the observed changes in the distribution pattern indicated that the fumaric acid rest of bencyclane may serve as a substrate for this reaction in the same way as fumarate.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Degradation of phosphorylated chromosomal nonhistone proteins.
In experiments with in vivo 32P-labelled nonhistone proteins of rat liver nuclei it was shown that these components are more sensitive against degradation than the mass of the nonhistone proteins. In the presence of 0.1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and 1 mM sodium molybdate, however, they are protected against degradation.
Animals↗