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Biomedical subjects

G Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmidt.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Cardiac glycosides and metabolites--problems of recovery in tissue extracts. Separation of visible substance spots in the nanogram range (author's transl)].

The recovery measurements in rat tissues performed via i.p. injected radioactive digoxin derivates (3H-digoxin, 125J-digoxin derivative) showed that approximately 50% of the total glycoside content will be extracted. Thus, an addition of digoxin standards to drug-free tissues may lead to false negative determinations. By comparison of the radioactivity before and after extraction the following results were obtained: Recovery from tissues 3H-digoxin 50% 125J-digoxin 40% from serum 3H-digoxin 60% added to drug free tissue homogenates 3H-digoxin 85% After i.p. application of 15 mg/kg of beta-methyldigoxin to BD9 (Berlin)-rats the resulting tissue concentrations were extracted by Amberlite XAD-2. beta-Methyldigoxin and its metabolites digoxin and digoxinbisdigitoxide could be separated and distinguished from artifacts by fluorescence detection on HPTLC-plates with a detection limit of 60 ng/spot. Concentration determined by radioimmunoassay are in satisfactory agreement with HPTLC results.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Lymph node metastases--diagnosis by lymphography and CT (author's transl)].

The value of lymphography and CT in the diagnosis of abdominal lymph node metastases was compared in 82 patients with various types of malignant disease. In the presence of systemic disease or testicular tumours, CT increased the recognition of lymph node metastases and their extent, particularly of high para-aortic deposits which were frequently underestimated by lymphography. Lymph nodes in the pelvis are more easily identified. CT is the first choice for the investigation of systemic disease and testicular tumours. This will, in addition, also demonstrate abnormalities of the organs and assist in radiation planning. CT is a simple procedure which is also very valuable in following the effect of treatment. For metastases from other origins, lymphography is often more valuable since CT is unable to identify metastases in lymph nodes if these are not enlarged. The two methods complement each other and their combination provides improved diagnostic information.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal and serum antibody responses in mice after oral immunization with Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella-Escherichia coli hybrid strains.

After oral feeding of mice with avirulent Salmonella, Escherichia coli, or hybrid strains, only certain bacterial strains were able to multiply and persist within the small intestinal Peyer's patches. After oral vaccination alone, or oral priming and subsequent parenteral boosting, antibody class and titers were detected, using a radioimmunoassay on serum and intestinal fluid or a plaque-forming cell assay on spleens. Only those strains that persisted in the Peyer's patches stimulated the production of serum and intestinal immunoglobulin A antibodies against their respective O antigens. Nonpersistent strains were weakly immunogenic, and antibodies, when present, were largely non-immunoglobulin A and confined to the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Inhibition of stimulated gastric secretion with simultaneous administration of cimetidine and somatostatin].

In four gastric fistula dogs we studied the effect of cimetidine (5 mg/kg/h) and somatostatin (10 microgram/kg/h), alone or in combination, on gastric secretion stimulated by histamine (160 microgram/kg/h) or pentagastrin (6 microgram/kg/h). Acid and pepsin output after histamine stimulation was more reduced by cimetidine than after pentagastrin stimulation. Somatostatin showed an inhibitory effect only after pentagastrin stimulation. The most effective reduction, both on the degree of inhibition and on duration after cessation of the inhibitors, was seen after the combination of cimetidine/somatostatin. These results give some clinical aspects for the use of these two agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Multiple effects of a diamidine (propamidine) on complement activation.

Propamidine, one of the diamidines used against infections with babesiae has inhibitory and enhancing effects on complement activation as assessed by immune haemolysis of sensitized sheep red cells. Utilization of C1 is powerfully, that of C3 weakly improved by propamidine while activation and/or fixation of C4, C5 and to a lesser degree of C8 and C9 are inhibited. At low concentrations of propamidine (less than 2 mM) the enhancing effects, at higher concentrations the inhibitory effects predominate. Inhibition is produced, in some cases certainly, in others likely, by interference of propamidine with binding properties of complement components. None of the complement enzymes, C1s, C42 or C3bBb was inhibited in its hydrolytic activity. The possible significance of propamidine actions is discussed.

Amidines↗
PubMed1979

Interference of propamidine with binding of the fifth component of complement to surface-fixed C3b, and with C5 activation.

The effects of propamidine and their dose dependency, on utilization of the third and fifth complement components in immune haemolysis have been compared. While C3 utilization is not disturbed that of C5 is markedly inhibited by propamidine in concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Both, binding of C5 to surface-fixed C3b and cleavage of C5 by convertases C42 and C3bBb, are also inhibited in the presence of propamidine. Since neither C3 cleavage by these enzymes nor even C5 cleavage by the cobra venom factor-supported convertase CFVBb is significantly reduced a general convertase-inhibiting effect of propamidine is ruled out. Rather the effect on utilization of C5 is the result of interference with binding of C5 is the result of interference with binding of C5 to C3b and hence impairment of its accessibility to the convertases. These findings thus further support the role of surface fixed C3b in C5 activation proposed earlier.

Amidines↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative radiological and morphological study of the human pancreas. III. Morphometric investigation of the major pancreatic duct (author's transl)].

A ductographical and histological study was carried out in 70 human pancreata postmortem. The diameter, the thickness and the length of the major pancreatic duct were measured. The obtained data were evaluated statistically. The autopsy revealed in 7 cases an acute or a mild chronic pancreatitis, in 20 cases a disease of the bile duct system, in 4 both an acute pancreatitis and a bile duct disease, while the other patients showed no inflammatory or neoplastic diseases of the pancreas or the bile ducts. The relative wall thickness of the duct increases with growing distance from the papilla, while the real thickness of the wall decreases. The inner and outer diameter of the duct steadily rises with aging. The relative thickness decreases with aging, but in a considerable less degree. The length of the duct growths with aging. All these relations were expressed in mathematical equations. In acute pancreatitis, in mild chronic pancreatitis and in disease of the bile duct system no statistically significant differences of the outer and inner diameter, of the length and the relatative thickness of the wall were found in comparison to normal pancreata.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

[Diagnosis and treatment of choledochus cysts (author's transl)].

Two cases we observed initiated a survey of the literature concerning the surgical management of choledochus cysts. We compared long-term results with regard to postoperative complications, rates of necessity of reoperation and operative mortality in 316 reported cases. Resection of the choledochus cyst and a subsequent biliodigestive anastomosis performed as choledocho-jejunostomy (as outlined by Roux) is the therapy of choice in this rare disease, since it gives the best long-term results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Emergency treatment in chest trauma (author's transl)].

The measures taken by the emergency physician can in many cases decisively affect the subsequent course of a chest trauma. In cases where the injured person has to be extricated from collapsed structures the medical officer has to decide on the mode and sequence of the rescue operation, prevent further damage and initiate shock therapy, intubation and artificial ventilation while the rescue operation is in progress. Emergency treatment also includes infusion therapy, if necessary via a central venous catheter; intubation, suction drainage and artificial ventilation; evacuation of fluid from the pleural cavity, mediastinum and pericardium combined with electrodiagnosis (ECG) and electrotherapy (defibrillation) if necessary. By closely observing the reaction and condition of the patient during transport to hospital he can provide important information regarding further treatment, especially in polytraumatized persons. Close collaboration between the trained rescue teams of the Fire Service, the emergency medical officer and the hospital staff has succeeded in reducing the mortality rate of combined chest injuries to 13%. 87% of cases who had received emergency treatment were subsequently admitted to hospital.

Drainage↗
PubMed1979

Excitation of afferent fibres in the cardiac sympathetic nerves induced by coronary occlusion and injection of bradykinin. The influence of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyron.

Afferent impulse activity was recorded in single fibres of the inferior cardiac sympathetic nerve of the cat. When the descending branch of the left coronary artery was ligated for 60 sec an enhancement of afferent impulses was recorded. Elevations in discharge frequency were also induced by injecting bradykinin, epinephrine, and isoprenaline or by general hypoxia due to interruption of the artificial ventilation. When these procedures were after pretreatment with the analgesic agents, acetylsalicylic acid or dipyron a reduction in spike discharge was observed only with bradykinin after application of acetylsalicylic acid. No influence of these pretreatments on the effects of coronary occlusion, general hypoxia and injection of epinephrine and isoprenaline could be observed. These results suggest that bradykinin does not predominate as mediator substance in eliciting ischemic heart pain.

Aminopyrine↗
PubMed1979

[Receptors of human red blood cells for anti-TAH and anti-AHP in the course of intravascular aging].

Human o-erythrocytes aged in situ do not expose free receptors for anti-T agglutinin of Arachis hypogea. New receptors for concentrated anti-A agglutinin of Helix pomatia are manifested but are lost again in the course of further ageing of the cells in situ. A remasking of exposed receptors for anti-TAH and anti-AHP byautologous, strongly binding globulins is supposed. These globulins could constitute the decisive signal for the autologous phagocytosis of senescent red blood cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Gastroscopy.

Gastroscopy has become a safe and reliable procedure following the development of modern fibreoptic instruments which have replaced the semi-flexible gastroscope. Indications for gastroscopy may be diagnostic (to elucidate the nature of definite or indefinite radiological abnormalities, in persistent X-ray negative dyspepsia, post gastric surgery symptoms and upper gastrointestinal bleeding) or therapeutic (including polypectomy, electrocoagulation of bleeding points, papillotomy and removal of retained stones and the use of a laser beam to control bleeding). In can be done as an outpatient procedure with a low incidence of complications in experienced hands, but should be performed only in a properly equipped area with resuscitation facilities. Gastroscopy should form part of the routine investigation of patients with upper gastrointestinal problems where the appropriate indications are present.

Fiber Optic Technology↗
PubMed1979

[Studies of the deformability of preserved red blood cells using a simple filtration method].

The applied method to measure the filtrability of red blood cells is accurate enough for the study of the effects of the conditions of storage on their deformability. In this work the standard deviation of the method, the mean biological deviation of the deformability of human red blood cells and their deformability in the course of storage in the ACD-AG-medium have been investigated. Considerable loss of deformability occurs towards the end of storage time of the cells, which is not reversible be restitution of ATP alone. The applicability of this method as a simple test of the vitatity of preserved erythrocytes if to be tested.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

Regional blood flow determination in rats by the microsphere method during i.v. infusion of vasodilating agents.

The present experiments were performed to gain information on changes in various organ flow rates during i.v. infusion of vasodilating substances. The microsphere method with the reference sample technique was used in rats to measure simultaneously different organ flow rates. The detection of the spheres (non-radioactive) was performed by macerating the tissues and counting samples under the microscope. As only one microsphere-infection per animal was performed, an untreated experimental group served as a control. The cardiac output was measured in a separate series. The effects of isoproterenol, pentoxifylline, bencyclane, acetylcholine, and dihydroergotoxine (mixture of 3 compounds, Hydergin) consisted of flow increases in several organs while the flow in others remained nearly unchanged. Only during the action of sodium nitroprusside the flow values were found decreased or remained unchanged. This substance led to decreased cardiac output, whereas that in the other groups was unchanged or raised. The experiments point to quantitatively different reactions on cardiac output distribution during application of the vasodilating substances tested.

Animals↗