Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Schmidt

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmidt.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Value of blood alcohol concentration in the assessment of legal responsibility].

We analysed the files of an Amts- and Landgericht from the years 1982/83. Among about 4000 cases we found 148 condemnations, in which sections 20/21 StGB were discussed. Each offence included 207 variables. 63 cases were left to be evaluated: 10 cases with section 20, 43 cases with section 21, 10 cases with refused section 21. Most of the delinquents lived alone, drank much alcohol very often, were socially unadaptable, previously convicted, unemployed and little qualified. Due to lack of findings of facts and diverging testimonies of psychic findings we found no significant correlation between level of blood alcohol concentration, psychic findings and degree of decreased condemnability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nucleotide and glutathione status in erythrocytes of children undergoing chronic hemodialysis under erythropoietin treatment.

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) used for the treatment of children with renal anemia is an effective stimulus of erythroid proliferation and differentiation. The increases of reticulocytes and of the hematocrit values give the possibility to renounce further blood transfusions in dialysis patients. There are no beneficial in vivo effects of rhEPO on the glutathione status and on the nucleotide contents of red blood cells. Therefore, indices for stabilizing effects of rhEPO on the circulating red blood cells cannot be due to glutathione and nucleotide metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Evaluation of indicators of erythropoiesis stimulated by recombinant human erythropoietin in renal anemia.

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-EPO) was administered to 11 anemic children with end-stage renal disease who were undergoing hemodialysis. Hematocrit (Hct), absolute reticulocyte count (retics), creatine concentration of red cells and erythrocyte density test (EDT) were chosen as indicators of rh-EPO effect on erythropoiesis. In the present report the first 9 weeks shall be presented in which all patients received an identical dosage of rh-EPO per kg body weight. The pre-EPO values of retics, creatine and EDT varied considerably. In 10 patients the Hct increased to 0.30 after 9 weeks of rh-EPO treatment. Retics and creatine rose in all cases above the normal range, rates of increase and maximal values differed. Retics, creatine and EDT respond faster to rh-EPO than Hct. Retics and creatine seem to be equally good indicators of rh-EPO stimulated erythropoiesis. The EDT showed an increase only up to the 4th week.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Influence of erythropoietin treatment on 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and O2-affinity of red blood cells in children with renal anemia.

In children with renal anemia the concentration of DPG of red blood cells and the O2-affinity of hemoglobin (P50) were determined before and under treatment with EPO. Before treatment the concentration of DPG was 6.25 mmoles/l cells and the P50 28.9 Torr. A rise of the hematocrit to about 0.30 was accompanied by an increase of DPG to 7.95 mmoles/l cells and of P50 to 32.1 Torr, respectively. Thus improvement of renal anemia by stimulation of erythropoiesis by means of EPO was accompanied by a decreased O2-affinity of hemoglobin and therefore by an additionally improved O2-supply to the tissues.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1989

[Long-term efficacy and side effect profile of a low-dose bemetizid-triamterene combination in patients with essential hypertension].

As only few data are available on the antihypertensive effectiveness and pattern of adverse reactions to low-dose diuretic treatment, a multicenter study was designed in which 77 patients with essential hypertension (WHO grades I to II) were followed up for one year with a view to answering the above questions. In patients who, at the end of a two weeks' placebo period had diastolic pressure values of more than 90 mmHg treatment was initiated with one daily tablet of a new preparation containing 10 mg bemetizide and 20 mg triamterene, for eight weeks. If, at the end of this interval, the target pressure values of less than 90 mmHg had not been attained, the dose was doubled. Blood pressure measurements (in sitting position) were repeated fortnightly, serum electrolytes, metabolic parameters and urinary triamterene fluorescence determined every four weeks. 56 of the 77 patients stayed on 10/20 mg bemetizide-triamterene for twelve months running. In 13 cases the dose had to be raised. Eight patients dropped out of the study. Average blood pressure values of 56 patients decreased from 169/103 mmHg (at the end of the placebo period) to 145/83 mm Hg after 52 weeks. Diastolic pressure reductions averaged 18 mmHg in 27 patients below the age of 49, 19 mmHg in 22 patients aged between 50 and 65, and 22 mmHg in seven patients older than 65 years. At the end of the 52 weeks' therapy, total serum cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and uric acid were unchanged in comparison to the placebo period in the entire group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Benzothiadiazines↗
PubMed1989

The in vivo effects of recombinant human interleukin-3: demonstration of basophil differentiation factor, histamine-producing activity, and priming of GM-CSF-responsive progenitors in nonhuman primates.

Recently human interleukin-3 (IL-3) produced by molecular cloning was characterized as a growth factor for basophils and eosinophils in human bone marrow cultures. Since we found a similar activity of the human factor on simian bone marrow cells, we investigated the in vivo effects of recombinant human (rh) IL-3 in healthy rhesus monkeys (n = 10). rh IL-3 was administered subcutaneously (SC) to monkeys at different doses (11, 33, and 100 micrograms/kg/d) for 14 days followed by subsequent rh GM-CSF administration (5.5 micrograms/kg/d SC) for another two weeks. During the second week of rh IL-3 administration monkeys responded with a twofold to threefold increase of WBCs caused by a dose-dependent elevation of basophils (up to 40% of WBCs) and eosinophils. rh IL-3 also induced a dose-dependent increase of histamine (up to 700-fold above normal values) in monkey blood cells. Administration of rh GM-CSF to rh IL-3 pretreated monkeys resulted in a twofold enhanced increase in WBCs (due mainly to eosinophils and neutrophils) compared with animals treated with rh GM-CSF alone. Simultaneous administration of both cytokines (100 micrograms/kg rh IL-3 + 5.5 micrograms/kg rh GM-CSF SC) to two separate monkeys for 14 days induced a WBC elevation similar to that observed in monkeys treated with rh GM-CSF alone. In conclusion, our results indicate that rh IL-3 is a differentiation factor for blood basophils and primes the hematopoietic system for subsequent rh GM-CSF actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Biomechanics of whiplash injuries of the cervical spine].

1. The whiplash injury of the cervical spine is a typical, but not very often observed injury of occupants of automotive vehicles involved in moderate collisions. 2. There still exist great uncertainties in the elaboration of expertises concerning the minor whiplash injury, so that the great part of the disturbances cannot be objectivated under a clinical point of view. And on the other hand, serious whiplash injuries often are superposed or veiled by secondary injuries. 3. Thus, the aim of the present paper was to point out injury mechanisms, to give a rough scaling of the whiplash severity under biomechanical aspects and finally to set these injury mechanisms in correlation to the following criteria of accident: a) vehicle velocity change (energy equivalent speed--EES); b) deformation of vehicles on the impact-exposed structure; c) loading of occupants by acceleration or deceleration. 4. The tolerance limit of the cervical spine generally decreases to a lower limit, if the cervical spine is changed in a pathological way, e.g. by preexisting diseases. 5. It is evident and important, that the difficult work of giving an expert's opinion on this field must be performed in an interdisciplinary collaboration of engineers for collision-analysis and physicians experienced in accident-traumatology.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy of zinc citrate ascorbate for treatment of canine cataracts.

Efficacy of zinc citrate ascorbate was evaluated in 146 dogs (265 eyes) that had various lens opacities. Zinc citrate ascorbate or saline placebo drops were applied topically once or twice daily for 4 to 31 weeks. Of 138 eyes treated with zinc citrate ascorbate, 86 eyes (62.3%) had no change, 48 eyes (34.8%) had increased lens opacity, and 4 eyes (2.9%) had decreased lens opacity. Of 127 eyes treated with a saline placebo, 99 eyes (77.9%) had no change, 25 eyes (19.7%) had increased lens opacity, and 3 eyes (2.4%) had decreased lens opacity. Zinc citrate ascorbate drops were not significantly (P = less than 0.05) more effective in clearing cataracts than were saline drops. Seemingly, zinc citrate ascorbate drops may have caused lens opacities to increase in area and density.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-3 is a differentiation factor for human basophils.

The effect of recombinant human (rh) cytokines, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-4 (IL-4), granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), interferon-alpha (IF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IF-gamma), and the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on differentiation and function of metachromatic cells (MCS) was studied. Among all cytokines tested, rh interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) selectively induced a significant formation of MCS (IL-3: 1.1 +/- 0.6 x 10(5) v control: 0.02 +/- 0.15 x 10(5) MCS/mL suspension) and dose dependent increase in formation of intracellular histamine (IL-3, 100 U/mL: 95 +/- 23 ng/mL v control: 1.8 +/- 0.8 ng/mL) in a bone marrow suspension culture system (analyzed on day 14 of culture). Besides MCS, formation of eosinophils was observed in this culture system in the continuous presence of rhIL-3, whereas IL-3 pulse-stimulation for three hours and subsequent exposure to control medium induced growth of MCS but not of eosinophils. By combined immunofluorescence/toluidine blue staining, MCS were found to express a cell surface marker profile that corresponds to the immunological phenotype of peripheral blood basophils (MY-7(CD13)+, VIM12(CD11b)+, VIM2+, MAX1-, MAX24- and YB5B8-). Furthermore, cultured MCS expressed surface membrane receptors for IgE and could be triggered for nontoxic histamine release by a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. To evaluate a possible influence of IL-3 on basophil function, studies were extended to freshly obtained blood basophils (healthy volunteers, n = 3). However, like all other cytokines tested, rhIL-3 failed to induce basophil histamine release. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that IL-3 is a differentiation factor for human basophils.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Skeletal muscle in the diabetic mouse: histochemical and morphometric analysis.

Despite the extensive literature concerning the neuropathy associated with diabetes, only limited information describes changes in the associated muscle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the histochemical and morphometric characteristics of diabetic muscle in the C57BL/KsJ db-m strain of mouse. The histochemical analysis of myofiber type for the diabetic mouse revealed that the extensor digitorum longus muscle consisted of 53.1% type 2a, 46.0% type 2b, and 0.9% type 1 myofibers, a significant shift from the percentages found in the nondiabetic litter mates (44.4% type 2a, 55.6% type 2b, no type 1). Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of myofiber size by fiber type indicated a significant difference in myofiber size for the type 2b fibers in muscles from diabetic mice. Similarly, there was a shift in the fiber size distribution to include a greater number of small type 2b myofibers when compared to controls. Skeletal muscle from diabetic mice exhibited a significant change in the percentage of fiber types, with an increase in the number of type 2a fibers, a fiber type grouping that implies possible denervation and reinnervation, and a decrease in myofiber size. These findings may explain why some diabetic patients complain of muscle weakness.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A fermenter dialysis cultivation technic for encapsulated pathogenic bacteria. II. Group B streptococci].

For mass cultivation of group B streptococci (B-III and B-variant streptococci), a fermenter dialysis culture technique is described and compared to conventional shaking culture and fermenter batch culture techniques. The influence of two kinds of cultivation media on the bacterial yield is demonstrated. The growth rate of the bacteria and the yield of the microbes is higher in modified POPE medium than that observed with Nährbouillon I. The type-specific polysaccharide of B-III-streptococci prepared by phenol-water extraction followed by gel-chromatography can be used as a screening antigen for the production of monoclonal antibodies against B-III-streptococci.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Chemical characterization of Escherichia coli K 1 capsular polysaccharide].

The exact chemical characterization of the prepared Escherichia coli K 1 capsule polysaccharide is necessary and a prerequisite for using this antigen as a screening antigen in the production of monoclonal anti-K 1-antibodies. The K 1-antigen, prepared by phenol-water-extraction, was analyzed by protein, RNA, and neuraminic acid determination. An addition, the antigen was subjected to elementary analysis, infrared- and 13C-NMR-spectroscopy, and gelchromatography. After testing the serological specificity, the K 1-antigen was identified as a high molecular polyneuraminic acid.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1989

[Loading of polystyrene solid phases with microbial agents and their polysaccharide antigens for the screening of monoclonal antibodies].

Before screening monoclonal antibodies using enzyme immuno assays, it is necessary to prove that the coating of the solid phases occurs efficiently. The adhesion of whole cells of group B streptococci, Escherichia coli K1, Haemophilus influenzae type b and Candida albicans as well as B-Streptococcus group antigen, H. influenzae type b capsular antigen, and C. albicans cell wall antigen to polystyrene solid phases was studied and detected by the following methods: Peroxidase competition procedure, scintillation measurement of 32phosphate-labelled germs, and reactions with monoclonal antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Assessing antiarrhythmic drug efficacy: multivariate considerations.

The spontaneous variability of ventricular arrhythmias is the major problem in assessing antiarrhythmic drug efficacy. Efficacy is usually assessed on one form of ventricular premature beats, namely either single beats (VPC) or more complex forms like couplets or salvos. The reduction rates required to assume efficacy with a confidence of 95 per cent are 63 per cent for VPCs, 92 per cent for couples or 96 per cent for salvos. These rates are valid for two Holter electrocardiogram recordings within one week; otherwise the rates are higher and close to 100 per cent. In this paper we extend our ratio method for calculating these criteria to consider two or all three forms of ventricular premature beats simultaneously. The method is based on the first principal component. For use in practice we decided to calculate fixed criteria for each form of ventricular premature beats. For the combination of VPCs and couplets and a confidence level of 95 per cent, reduction rates of 42 per cent for VPC and 87 per cent for couplets are required. Both criteria must be fulfilled to assume the efficacy of a drug. These criteria are lower than those for each form alone. For all three forms together, reduction rates of 28, 72 and 88 per cent for VPC, couplets and salvos respectively are required.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗