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Biomedical subjects

G Schmalz

Publications and source records attributed to G Schmalz.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Acrylate and methacrylate esters: relationship of hemolytic activity and in vivo toxicity.

Quantitative hemolysis assays of acrylate and methacrylate esters provided estimates of the intrinsic hemolytic activity (Hi, the slope of the concentration-response curve) and the concentrations effecting 5% (H5) and 50% (H50) hemolysis. The dependence of hemolytic activity and LD50 (mice) on physical properties (lipophilicity, molar refraction, and molecular volume) of the esters was determined by multiple regression analysis. The observed correlations were: Hi, R2 = 0.94; H5, R2 = 0.95; H50, R2 = 0.94; and LD50, R2 (all compounds) = 0.80, R2 (all compounds less the methyl esters) = 0.94. The difference of the methyl esters was associated with the smaller steric volume of the methyl ester substituent and the presence (methacrylates) or absence (acrylates) of the branched methyl group. Associative steric contributions of the branched methyl group and the ester substituents were probably responsible for greater variability in the methyacrylate series. The results were consistent with the conclusion that the mechanism of the action of the esters is membrane mediated and relatively nonspecific and that in vivo biotransformation was not a significant factor. Also, long-term toxic liability of the esters may be more closely related to intrinsic toxicity than acute toxicity.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1981

Toxicity tests on dental filling materials.

The rabbit muscle implantation test as described by Lawrence et al. (1972) was applied evaluate the acute non-specific toxicity of 3 amalgams and 2 composite materials, in order to test both the materials' toxicity and the suitability of the method used. The materials were implanted after different ageing times: 5 min, 1 h, 24 h and 7 days. Macroscopical as well as microscopical evaluation was performed. Biological reactions of the amalgams proved to be dependent upon the ageing time. All amalgams were strongly toxic at the 5-min and 1-h periods. By the 7-day period the high-copper two component amalgam showed a moderate reaction, the other two amalgams no or uncertain reactions. The composite materials did not show a dependency of the toxicity upon the ageing time as did the amalgams. They evoked a slight to moderate tissue reaction. The results obtained in this study are in accordance with clinical experience. We regard the rabbit muscle implantation test as a suitable method for screening the chemically initiated toxicity of solid materials.

Animals↗