Biomedical subjects

G Schaison

Publications and source records attributed to G Schaison.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

[The effects of somatostatin in acromegaly].

Somatostatine is the hypothalamic factor which inhibits the secretion of growth hormone. The administration of a synthetic form decreased growth hormone levels by 50 to 75% in 5 acromegalic patients. The action is rapid but the effect is not prolonged. Prolactin was reduced in only case with galactorrhea. Thyreostimulin, as well as gastrin, are unaffected. Plasma insulin levels, and to a lesser extent those of glucagon, are decreased by somatostatine which causes no variation in either cortisol or blood glucose. Somatostatine, by correcting the pathological secretion of hormone, opens the way to medical treatment of acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1976

[Infectious complications observed during the use of antimitotic agents in hematology].

During acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children, bacterial infections occur during initial treatment, whereas virus infections are observed during remission. Mycoses and pneumocystis carinii infections are the commonest late complications. During agranulocytosis, any prolonged fever should be considered as due to infection and probably septicemia. The bacteria are usually of digestive origin. Antibiotic therapy is only very inconstantly efficacious, and the course follows closely the number of granular cells, thus justifying the use of white cell transfusions.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed1976

Male pseudohermaphroditism due to testicular 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency.

A new case of testicular 17 ketosteroid reductase (17 KSR) deficiency without gynecomastia was investigated. Delta4 androstenedione (15.6 ng/ml) was ten times the normal range, unchanged after dexamethasone administration. In contrast, plasma testosterone (4.1 ng/ml) was in the low normal male range and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (4.2 ng/ml) was normal. Plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were increased (162 and 470 ng/ml LER 907 respectively). After adrenal suppression and human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation, the increase of delta4 androstenedione was in contrast with the inertia of testosterone. In spermatic venous plasma delta4 androstenedione level (293.2 ng/ml) was very high and testosterone level (7.1 ng/ml) a hundred times below the normal mean. Plasma estrone (124 pg/ml) was increased and estradiol (22 pg/ml) was normal. In spermatic venous plasma estrone was elevated and estradiol very low (1380 and 32 pg/ml respectively). It is the third case of 17 KSR deficiency where the lack of E2 increase explains the absence of gynecomastia.

17-Ketosteroids↗

PubMed1976

The primary empty sella an endocrine study on 12 cases.

Twelve patients (10 women and 2 men) with a primary empty sella turcica were studied. Endocrine function tests were performed as follows: growth hormone (GH) was measured after insulin-induced-hypoglycaemia, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) after LH-releasing hormone, thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone; pituitary reserve of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) was determined by measurement of plasma cortisol after lysine-vasopressin and 11 deoxycortisol after metyrapone. Five of the patients (group A) had no endocrine disturbance. Seven patients (group B) had a hypothalamo-pituitary disorder. Two of them had panhypopituitarism which appeared in one case after meningoencephalitis and in the other after a severe cranial trauma. In two cases an amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome with increased prolactin level (68 and 230 ng/ml) led to a diagnosis of a prolactin producing adenoma, which was confirmed by surgery. Finally three cases of amenorrhoeagalactorrhoea, with normal prolactin level, and/or diabetes insipidus remained unexplained. However, no causal relationship could be demonstrated between the pituitary disturbance and the "empty sella". Primary empty sella turcica is therefore a neuroanatomical and neuroradiological entity with no endocrine implication. A pituitary disorder might suggest a microadenoma or an incidentally associated disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

[Carcinoma of the liver in a child after seven-year complete remission of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia(author's transl)].

A malignant hepatoma occurred in a 12-year-old girl who eight years previously had developed an acute lymphoblastic leukaemia which for eight years had been in complete haematological remission. Fourteen months after the last re-induction treatment period had been discontinued, but while on methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine maintenance, a hepatocellular liver carcinoma developed of which the patient died after a fulminating course, still in complete haematological remission. As far as is known, no direct carcinogenic effect can be ascribed to the two antimetabolites, but it must be assumed that these two drugs, taken by the patient for over seven years, led to cirrhosis of the liver whose malignant transformation was significantly influenced by the immunosuppressive effects of methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine, given as maintenance therapy according to protocol 02 LA 64, Paris.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗

PubMed1975

[Treatment of bone marrow aplasia by allogenic bone marrow grafts].

Three patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by bone marrow transplantation using the method described by Santos and Thomas. Two of the patients, both successfully grafted have survived for more than 5 and 6 months respectively. Chimerism was proved by cytogenetic analysis and erythrocytic phenotypes. In one case, a severe graft versus host reaction was cured with ATG and prednisone. Graft rejection in the third case was related to the immunisation caused by many previous transfusions. Although bone marrow grafting is limited by the necessity of using a matched sibling as donor, its success this far is very encouraging and represents a new hope for the treatment of aplastic anemia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1975

[Prolactin microadenomas].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1975

[ Study of prolactin and blood gonadotropins in amenorrheas-galactorrhea. Dynamic exploation in 13 cases].

A study of the secretion of prolactin and plasma gonadotrophins was carried out comparatively in 3 groups of patients: histologically confirmed prolactin adenoma (group 1), idiopathic or iatrogenic amenorrhoea/galactorrhoea syndrome (group 2), empty sella turcica syndrome (group 3). The last group differs fundamentally from the two previous by the presence of a normal basal LH and FSH levels and normal LH-RH stimulation. Prolactin is not increased. It may be suppressed by L-dopa and stimulated by TRH. There exist no differences, apart from neuroradiological criteria, between the other two groups. The level of LH is slightly decreased but the response to LRH is positive, this effect often being more clear on FSH. Prolactin levels are raised, this no doubt explaining the negative response to TRH and chlorpromazine stimulation. Suppression by L-dopa is positiive, reflecting the absence of autonomy of prolactin adenomata. The water load test is unsatisfactory. There exists at the present time no method sufficiently discriminating to exclude the presence of a tumour at the origin of an amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1975

[Cutaneous elastopathy and vascular anomalies associated with neurological disorders. Apropos of 2 cases].

The two cases described exhibited elastopathy associated with arterial stenosis (case 1) or aneurysms (case 2). The first was clearly a case of elastic pseudo-xanthoma with characteristic cutaneous lesions associated with retinal angioid streaks and severe arterial lesions, notably stenosis of the vertebral arteries (especially the left) causing disorders in the mechanism of balance. There were, in addition, mild diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and abnormal cutaneous pigmentation. The second patient, an African, had been hospitalised for an optochiasmatic syndrome which further investigation, notably by arteriography, indicated was caused by compression of the visual pathways due to massive bilateral carotid aneurysms. The patient had molluscoid pseudo-tumours of the axillae and she reported that her father was in the same condition. Although in the first case, cutaneous biopsy enabled diagnosis of systematized elastorrhexis to be confirmed, histological investigation in the second case revealed mainly hyaline sclerosis of the deep dermal layer. The diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos disease, suggested for this second patient, could not be confirmed. These two cases emphasize the possibility of various neurological disorders occurring in the course of dystrophy of the connectivo elastic tissue.

Adult↗

PubMed1974