PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the rating of low-flow color duplex echography in the staging of head and neck cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, the oropharynx, and hypopharynx were examined. A Siemens Q 2000 duplex scan with 7.5 MHz-linear array and wedge (Siemens Medizintechnik, Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) was used. Gray scale imaging as well as color duplex scan with Doppler spectrum measurement were performed for each patient. RESULTS: Only 5 of 52 primary tumors could not be detected using echography (sensitivity: 90%). Tumor size of one carcinoma, a recurrent tumor of the laryngeal sinus, was overestimated (predictive value: 96%). The carcinomas and their metastases were poorly vascularized. Only 10 of 52 primary tumors showed central vascularization. The mean systolic flow rate in these vessels was 40 cm/s. In 17 patients, imaging of peripheral tumor vessels improved estimation of tumor borders. Imaging of irregular central tumor vessels in metastatic lymphatic nodes yielded important information for N staging. CONCLUSION: Low-flow color duplex echography is a new high resolution, noninvasive imaging technique that offers important additional information for preoperative head and neck tumor staging. Thus, it should be recommended for routine application in ENT-oncology.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Laser measuring device for phonation].

INTRODUCTION: Clinical examinations with short-interval, color-filtered double-flash stroboscopy enable us to estimate the movements of the vocal fold edges during phonation. So-called 'displacement bands' show the degree of the vibratory amplitude in these images. Using the two-point light projection method the displacement bands can be measured with very high accuracy. A combination of these two methods was used for velocity measurements of the vocal fold movements within the phonatory cycle. The aim of the study was to explore the influence of change in sound pressure level (SPL) and fundamental frequency (F0) on the velocity of the horizontal amplitude of the vocal folds during phonation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 40 healthy volunteers (31 women, 9 men, average age 24.8 years) were examined. During the special videostroboscopy with short-interval, color-filtered double flashes laser spots were projected onto the vocal folds by an endoscopic two-point light projection device. The subjects had to change their SPL and F0 following a test protocol. During phonation they had to produce tones in low, middle and high chest voice as well as in falsetto register. Each subject was asked to do this in a soft, a modal, a loud and a very loud manner. Images of the phonatory cycle showing the vocal folds immediately before collision were measured separately at three different positions. About 15,000 single measurements were evaluated. RESULTS: The measured velocity of the horizontal amplitude during the closing phase of the vocal folds in chest voice was 30-160 cm/s. An increase in SPL resulted in an increasing velocity of the displacement bands. A change in F0 did not lead to statistically relevant changes in the measured velocity. CONCLUSION: A combination of short-interval, color-filtered double-flash stroboscopy and a two-point light projection method enables measurements of the velocity of vocal fold movements. The SPL is the important factor for the velocity change within the phonatory cycle. F0 seems not to covary with the velocity of the horizontal amplitude during the closing phase of the phonatory cycle.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Bronchial deobstruction, essential step in treatment of respiratory insufficiency in thoracic surgery].

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Bronchial Neoplasms↗