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Biomedical subjects

G Sato

Publications and source records attributed to G Sato.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

A critical role of IL-2 for the production and gene transcription of IL-5 in allergen-specific human T cell clones.

The role of IL-2 in IL-5 synthesis of human helper T cells was investigated. All of the Der f II (a major allergen of house dust mite)-specific T cell clones established from atopic asthmatic patients produced both IL-2 and IL-4 upon activation (Th0 phenotypes). Recombinant IL-2 induced gene expression and protein synthesis of IL-5 in T cell clones that produced IL-5 upon antigenic stimulation. Human IL-5 promoter/enhancer-luciferase gene construct transfected to T cell clones was clearly transcribed in response to IL-2, indicating that the approximately 500 bp gene segment 5' upstream of the coding region was functionally sufficient for the gene transcription induced by IL-2. IL-2-induced IL-5 synthesis as well as proliferation was dependent on tyrosine kinases. Moreover, IL-5 production by T cell clones stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 antibody was completely abrogated by anti-IL-2 neutralizing antibody, suggesting that IL-5 (a Th2 cytokine) synthesis of human helper T cells is dependent on IL-2 (a Th1 cytokine). Our present findings clearly demonstrated that IL-2, known as a T cell growth factor, exerts a cytokine promoting activity on T cells. IL-2 produced at the site of allergic inflammation might facilitate eosinophilic inflammation by inducing IL-5 production in T cells.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

[Molecular biological analysis of house dust mite allergens].

Using a host-vector system of Escherichia coli, we could produce one of major house dust mite allergens, Der f II in large quantity for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. About 5 mg of purified and biologically active rDer f II was obtained from one liter culture, which was corresponding to the amount in about 30 g of live mite. The rDer f II was almost identical with native Der f II with respects to biological and physicochemical view points. Native mite Der f II is a mixture of several kinds of Der f II molecule with a few amino acid substitutions, which were due to polymorphisms among individual mite gene sequence. We had cloned three kinds of Der f II cDNAs from mite culture and expressed in E. coli and prepared three kinds of rDer f II in this system. As a result of comparison of IgE binding activity among three rDer f IIs and nDer f II, there was no significant difference observed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

[Recent progress in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices].

Recent advances in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices are reviewed in this paper. Endoscopy, angiography, ultrasound, and ultrasound Doppler are now employed in the diagnosis of varices. As for endoscopic diagnosis, new criteria for the evaluation of gastroesophageal varices have been applied. Angiography is now not only used to demonstrate the varices and collateral circulations in portal hypertension but also used in the embolization therapy for large gastric varices or intractable esophageal varices. Ultrasound and color Doppler are now widely used in the diagnosis of portal hypertension because of its noninvasiveness and conveniency. Furthermore, in its use in endoscopy, varical vessels and blood flow in the wall of the esophagus and the stomach can be directly demonstrated. Recent advances in these diagnostic modalities will made it possible to diagnose gastroesophageal varices and evaluate the pathophysiology in patients with portal hypertension more precisely.

Angiography↗
PubMed1994

Clinicopathological study of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis.

The DNA synthesis activities of hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and other chronic liver diseases and control subjects were examined by staining proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) with anti-PCNA monoclonal antibody. The number of PCNA-positive cells (PCNA value) was significantly higher in PBC (375 +/- 281 parts per thousand; ppt) than in other chronic liver diseases, i.e., chronic hepatitis (95 +/- 83 ppt), liver cirrhosis (72 +/- 71 ppt), and alcoholic liver disease (73 +/- 56 ppt), and in control subjects (11 +/- 14 ppt). The PCNA value of PBC in stages I-III of Scheuer's classification was remarkably high, while in stage IV it was low. Even in identical, Scheuer's stages, the PCNA value of PBC was higher in patients who were not given ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) than in those who received UDCA. In identical patients, the PCNA value was lowered significantly after UDCA treatment. It was concluded that the DNA synthesis activity of PBC in stages I-III was accelerated and that UDCA can alleviate the abnormality in DNA synthesis activity.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1994

An occurrence of stomach impaction in ostriches (Struthio camelus) on a farm in Zambia associated with high mortality.

Fifty-one ostriches (Struthio camelus), 6 weeks old, were imported from Namibia and introduced onto a farm in Zambia. Soon after introduction, most of the birds manifested clinical symptoms such as anorexia and diarrhea and 19 birds died within 1 week. The proventriculus and gizzard in the 4 dead birds were full of solid masses of lucerne hay mixed with maize and consequently the gizzard was extremely impacted by them. Neither pathogenic bacteria nor parasites were detected from the autopsied birds and 8 fecal samples. After diagnosis, the ostrich feed was improved and a demulcent was given immediately; then all ostriches that remained on the farm recovered. In conclusion, these data confirmed that the present case was stomach impaction in ostriches.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Outbreaks of Salmonella Dublin infection among calves on a dairy farm applying Salmonella bacterins in Zambia.

In Zambia, a dairy farm keeping about 600 cows and self-contained calves had applied S. Dublin and S. Typhimurium bacterins to pregnant cows and calves in combination with all-in all-out pen system for rearing calves. Only relatively small scale outbreaks of S. Dublin infection occurred repeatedly in these years from 1989 to 1991 among fattening calves on the farm. The results obtained from the epizootiological study suggest that the preventive measures including the vaccination with Salmonella bacterins gave insufficient protection against S. Dublin infection to the calves, but they might have prevented large scale outbreak of the disease. This is the first report of the epizootiological study on outbreak of bovine S. Dublin infection on farm in Zambia.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Salmonella from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle and pigs, and diseased animals in Zambia.

Escherichia (E.) coli and Salmonella (S.) choleraesuis (subsp. choleraesuis and subsp. salamae) from apparently healthy slaughtered cattle and pigs in 1989 in Zambia, were examined for antibiotic resistance and the presence of conjugative R plasmid. Salmonella strains from diseased animals (cattle, chickens, leopards, lions and warthogs) were similarly tested. The majority of the cattle had been nomadically kept in so-called "traditional farms" while all the pigs were from commercial farms. More pigs (39%; 41/105) harboured drug-resistant E. coli than cattle (6.7%; 7/105). Moreover, the number of drug-resistant E. coli was higher among strains from pigs (31.2%; 49/157) than cattle (4.2%; 7/167). For both cattle and pigs, drug resistance was more frequently observed against tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine and ampicillin than other antibiotics and the single resistance pattern occurred most frequency, especially among pig E. coli strains. Drug-resistant Salmonella was recorded in 3.6% (1/28) of strains from slaughtered cattle and 31.3% (10/32) of those from diseased animals. Drug-resistant E. coli from pigs and cattle carried R plasmid at high frequency.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Protein kinase C activity in human leukemia cell lines with reference to sensitivity to antineoplastic agents.

Protein kinase C (PKC) regulates many cellular processes. In view of its possible relevance to the drug resistance, the levels of PKC activity were assessed in human leukemia cell lines with reference to the sensitivity to antineoplastic agents. K562/ADM exhibited approximately 2-fold higher levels of PKC activity as compared with the parental K562. After a 1-hr preincubation with Adriamycin (ADM) (0.5, 1, 10 microM), PKC activity in K562 tended to increase dose-dependently, while no substantial alteration was found in K562/ADM. Cisplatin (CDDP) or etoposide was of no effect. The activity in THP-1/E was slightly lower than THP-1, and the basal level stayed unchanged with any one of the above drugs. These results suggest that in K562 increase in PKC activity with ADM may play a role in the process of acquisition of resistance.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1990

[The use of Pugh score to evaluate the prognostic and therapeutic influence of drinking in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis].

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical usefulness of Pugh score in the prognosis of the patients (pts.) with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC). To determine the influence of heavy drinking with respect to the prognosis of DLC patients, 128 cases of DLC were divided into two groups including the 31 heavy drinker group (Group A) and 97 non-alcoholic group (Group B). At the time of admission, the both groups showed similar Pugh score. However, after initial two hospitalized weeks, Group A started to show significantly lower points of Pugh score than that of in Group B. Fifteen pts. (48%) in Group A and 55 pts. (57%) in Group B had greater than 9 in Pugh score at the time of admission. In Group A, 10 of 15 pts. declined the scores after initial two weeks and 9 of them lived more than one year after admission. In contrast, none of those 55 pts. in Group B declined their Pugh score after admission and 45 of them died within one year. It was concluded that Pugh score was extremely useful to evaluate the prognosis of DLC pts., and DLC pts. who had greater than 9 Pugh score were seemed to be critical. It was suggested that DLC pts. due to heavy drinking tend to improve Pugh score comparing to no alcoholic DLC pts.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of male patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)].

We studied 10 male and 23 female patients with PBC to determine whether the clinical and histological features of this disease differed in male and female patients. There were no significant difference between men and women in age distribution and biochemical examinations. In female patients, autoimmune associated conditions such as sicca syndrome, Raynaud syndrome and arthritis were observed 22%, 13% and 36%, respectively. By contrast, no male patients developed those conditions. 80% of the male patients and 70% of the female patients belonged to asymptomatic PBC, and early histological stage, such as Scheuer's I and II were observed 90% of the male patients and 78% of the female patients, respectively. No male patients showed clinical or histological progression during follow-up period (median was 64 months). Nevertheless, not a few female patients showed progression including 3 cases who died during the follow-up period (median was 47 months). We concluded that male patients with PBC tend to have favorable prognosis comparing to female patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nucleotide sequence of a citrate utilization gene from Citrobacter amalonaticus.

The chromosomal DNA fragment (BamHI-BglII fragment of 2,972 base pairs) conferring citrate utilization in Citrobacter amalonaticus ATCC 25405 was cloned and sequenced. Two genes (citA and citB) identified in the Cit+ determinant were found in a BamHI-BglII fragment from C. amalonaticus. Southern DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and the construction of Cit- mutants of C. amalonaticus showed that C. amalonaticus has a single copy of the cit gene on the chromosome.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-pathological studies of alcoholic liver disease, especially on the diagnostic significance of endogenous bile acid tolerance test].

Endogenous bile acid tolerance test was performed in 88 patients with alcoholic liver disease and results obtained were compared with histological features in their liver biopsy specimens. An increase of serum fasting total bile acid (FTBA) and maximum total bile acid (MTBA) was closely reflected the degrees of hepatic fibrosis and they were seemed to be useful for differential diagnosis and clinical observation of the alcoholic liver disease. We have been reported the criteria of the grading for bile acid tolerance test at Inuyama Symposium in 1977. With the use of this criteria, we applied it to alcoholic liver disease. The results of bile acid tolerance test were normal in patients with ALF mild, fatty liver and no remarkable change, these were slightly abnormal in patients with ALF moderate and severe, these were severe abnormal in patients with ALC. Bile acid tolerance test is a sensitive liver function test. However, this method is too complex for clinical use. Therefore, we recommend to use the serum bile acid level at 60 minutes after the yolk loading (60min-TBA), because we found 60min-TBA was almost the same as MTBA and accurately reflect the liver morphology. So, we concluded measurement of FTBA and 60min-TBA were adequate, especially in outpatients, to evaluate the progress of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study on alcoholic pancreatitis in alcoholics (especially in ERP findings)].

The pancreatic functions (PFD test and 75g GTT), pancreatic enzymes (serum-amylase, urine-amylase, serum-elastase I and serum-lipase), alcohol consumption histories, clinical symptoms, histological findings in the liver and ERP findings have been examined in 66 alcoholic patients. Fourty two out of 66 cases (64%) showed abnormal ERP findings which were compatible with chronic pancreatitis. But among these 42 cases, only 9 cases (21%) showed clinical symptoms such as epigastralgia, back pain, diarrhea and emaciation which suggest the existence of chronic pancreatitis. The degree of liver damage, alcohol consumption have no significant correlation with ERP findings. Furthermore, the severe alcoholic pancreatitis occurred in patients having mild liver injury more than those having severe liver injury such as cirrhosis. And the data of pancreatic functions and enzymes could not confirm ERP findings especially in patients with mild and moderate pancreatic injury when compared to normal ERP findings. We concluded that asymptomatic alcoholic pancreatitis occurred more frequently in painless alcoholic. It may be not suitable for only using the normal pancreatic functions test to diagnose the alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Western blot detection of scrapie-associated fibril protein in tissues outside the central nervous system from preclinical scrapie-infected mice.

We describe a method of sample preparation to detect scrapie-associated fibril (SAF) proteins in small amounts of scrapie-infected mouse tissues by Western blot analysis using an antiserum to a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the N-terminal region of hamster prion protein. SAF proteins were efficiently detected in brain tissue by this procedure. The proteins were also detected in preparations from spleen and lymph node. SAF proteins were detected in brain samples at 24 weeks after intraperitoneal infection. Using spleen samples, the proteins were detected from mice in the preclinical stage (from 4 weeks after infection), clinical symptoms of scrapie were observed in some mice from 22 weeks after infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effects of the antiserum against a fraction enriched in scrapie-associated fibrils on the scrapie incubation period in mice.

An antiserum against a fraction enriched for scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF), was examined for its effects on scrapie incubation period by inoculating mice either intraperitoneally or intracerebrally with various dilutions of the serum mixed with scrapie-infected mouse brain homogenate. After intraperitoneal inoculation the mean time of the incubation period increased with increasing concentrations of the antiserum in a statistically significant fashion, when the serum dilutions were made with phosphate-buffered saline. After intracerebral inoculation, however, there were no statistically significant differences between the control group and any of the antiserum-groups. When the antiserum dilutions were made with pre-immune serum, the mice inoculated intraperitoneally also showed no significant differences between the two groups. These results indicate that the specific antibodies to SAF have no effect on the scrapie infectivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Genomic comparison of adenovirus type 3 isolates from patients with acute conjunctivitis in Japan, Australia, and the Philippines.

A total of 53 Ad3 isolates obtained from patients with acute conjunctivitis in Japan, Australia, and the Philippines during 1973 to 1986 were analyzed for their genome types with 4 restriction endonucleases, BamHI, BglII, HindIII, and SmaI. Two new genome types designated tentatively as Ad3f and Ad3g were identified by combination of BamHI and BglII in the isolates. The changes of restriction sites and sizes of restriction fragments in newly recognized Ad3f and Ad3g were located at the similar regions reported in other Ad3 genome types by O'Donnell et al (1986) on physical maps of the Ad3 prototype strain GB genome. In Japan, 46 Ad3 isolates obtained from 1983 to 1986 were either Ad3f or Ad3g. Yearly alternation of predominance of both genome types were observed in the northern part of Japan during the period. In Australia, two genome types Ad3p and Ad3f were found in 6 isolates, and the former was observed in the 3 isolates obtained before 1981 and the remaining 3 isolates were obtained after 1983. In the Philippines, the only isolate obtained in 1984 was Ad3p.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1988

Genome typing of adenovirus strains isolated from conjunctivitis in Japan, Australia, and the Philippines.

DNA restriction endonuclease analysis for genome typing of adenovirus (Ad) DNA was carried out on a total of 65 Ad isolates including serotypes Ad4, Ad7, Ad8, Ad11, Ad19, and Ad37 from patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and acute conjunctivitis obtained in Japan from 1982 to 1986, Australia from 1973 to 1986, and the Philippines in 1984. All 4 isolates of Ad7 in Australia were Ad7b. Four of 6 Ad11 isolates obtained in Japan were typed as Ad11 prototype (Ad11p), and the remaining were identified to be new genome types, designated tentatively as Ad11c and Ad11d. An isolate of Ad11 obtained in Australia was typed as Ad11c. Nine Ad8 isolates in Australia and in the Philippines were typed as Ad8p, but 11 Ad8 isolates in Japan were Ad8b. Thirteen Ad19 isolates were identified as Ad19a. All 3 isolates of Ad37 in Japan and three isolates in Australia before 1982 were typed as Ad37p, however, 5 isolates in Australia after 1983 were identified as a new genome type, designated as Ad37d. In Japan, 10 isolates of Ad4 were identified as Ad4a.

Adenoviridae Infections↗