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Biomedical subjects

G Samsioe

Publications and source records attributed to G Samsioe.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) - effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

Twenty-one women were given depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 1000 mg/wk for 6 mth as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were analysed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL (very low, low and high density lipoproteins). Previous studies have shown little effect on lipoprotein metabolism after lower doses of MPA, unlike progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, after which an 'androgenic' lipoprotein pattern is seen, i.e., a decrease in HDL-cholesterol and in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. After this massive DMPA dose, only a slight decrease in HDL-cholesterol was seen, as well as a rise in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. We interpret the latter finding as secondary to an influence on carbohydrate metabolism.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy--a contribution to its epidemiology.

Nausea in pregnancy is very common but it is astonishing that so little data are available concerning the cause and course of this disorder. A questionnaire was mailed to all women who had given birth to at least 3 children, the last delivered in 1980 or 1981 in our department. 244 (75%) responded, mean age 33 years, range 23-45. A total of 948 pregnancies resulted in 855 children, 56 spontaneous and 25 legal abortions, 8 twins and 4 ectopics. 70% of all pregnancies were associated with nausea and 52% of the patients always experienced nausea during their pregnancies, while 17% never and 31% only occasionally felt sick. For 91% of the cases, the onset of nausea was during the first 3 months. There was no difference concerning intensity, 'peak nausea' or onset, whereas duration decreased with subsequent pregnancies. 7 of 8 women with twin pregnancies complained of nausea, contrasting to 50% with spontaneous and 80% with legal abortions. Age, smoking or 'pregnancy complications' did not correlate with nausea. There were, however, correlations (p less than 0.05) between nausea and gallbladder disease, gastritis and allergy. All patients with gallbladder disease had nausea and so had 90% of those with allergy and gastritis. There was also a strong correlation (p less than 0.001) between nausea in pregnancy and 'intolerance' of oral contraceptives, as 98% of these women experienced nausea. The data obtained do not support a correlation between HCG and emesis gravidarum, but rather suggest an association with steroidal hormones and liver function.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in the normal puerperium.

21 women who had been followed regularly during their normal pregnancies were examined in the puerperium. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was analyzed by means of gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitic acid decreased and stearic acid increased, which indicates a shift to more pathway II-synthesized lecithin in the puerperal period. Linoleic acid increased and the longer polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased. These changes were slow as compared to the changes in the saturated fatty acids. No correlations were found between the saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid dominating the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results indicate different incorporational ways into the lecithin molecule of these fatty acid groups. It is suggested that the deacylation-reacylation cycle is responsible for the high content of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids still 1 week after delivery. 6 weeks after delivery normal values were recorded. Breast-feeding did not seem to influence the fatty acid pattern of serum lecithin.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Oral contraception with a nonalkylated estrogen component. Effects on lipid metabolism.

All commercially available combined oral contraceptives have 17-C-alkylated estrogens (ethinylestradiol or mestranol) as their estrogen components. In postmenopausal replacement therapy nonalkylated 'natural' estrogens have been shown to induce less adverse effects in lipid metabolism than alkylated estrogens. To see if this difference is valid also when the respective kinds of estrogens are used as components in oral contraceptives, the lipid metabolic effects from two preparations with the same progestogen component (norethisterone acetate) but with nonalkylated (17 beta-estradiol; Netagen) and alkylated (ethinylestradiol) estrogen (Netasyn) have been evaluated. Phospholipids, cholesterol, and triglycerides have been assessed in serum and in ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein fractions. The serum lecithin fatty acid composition has been analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. Netasyn increased the triglyceride content of serum and all lipoprotein fractions while Netagen did not. Netasyn caused a redistribution in the 1-position fatty acids of serum lecithin with an increase in palmitic and a concomitant decrease in stearic acid, a pattern associated with the 17-C-alkylation of a steroid and probably its capacity to inhibit liver excretory function. In the present study the preparation with the non-alkylated estrogen component had less adverse lipid metabolic effects than the conventional oral contraceptive.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1983

A double blind cross-over study on the effects of ORG OD14 compared to estradiol valerate and placebo on the fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester in oophorectomized women.

Twenty-two women, oophorectomized in connection with surgical treatment for cervical carcinoma in clinical stage IB or IIA, were given ORG OD14 [(7 alpha,17 alpha)17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5-(10)20-yn-3-one; 2.5 mg/day], a placebo, and estradiol valerate (2 mg/day), six weeks each, in a double blind, cross-over study. ORG OD14 is a synthetic steroid for continuous treatment of climacteric symptoms which in traditional bioassays has been shown to have weak estrogenic and progestogenic as well as very weak androgenic-anabolic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effects on serum lecithin as well as on the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester. In serum lecithin, OD14 induced an increase in palmitic acid and a decrease in stearic acid, effects typical of 17-C-alkylated steroids, compared to both placebo and estradiol valerate. Furthermore, there was an increase in linoleic acid and a decrease in both arachidonic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid after OD14 administration. This decrease is interpreted as an inhibitory action of the steroid on the mechanisms of elongation and desaturation of linoleic acid and is considered to be an androgenic influence. The relative decrease is further accentuated by the decrease in total serum lecithin induced by OD14. Since these fatty acids are the major precursors for prostaglandin synthesis, these findings might have relevance in that context.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A double-blind cross-over study on the effects of ORG OD14 compared to oestradiol valerate and placebo on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in oophorectomized women.

ORG OD14 is a synthetic steroid which in traditional bioassays has been shown to have oestrogenic and progestogenic as well as very weak androgenic-anabolic properties. As judged from earlier studies, this steroid seems suitable for continuous treatment of climacteric deficiency symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects induced by OD14 on lipid, lipoprotein and carbohydrate metabolism, as compared to E2V and placebo. Twenty-two women, oophorectomized as part of the treatment of cervical carcinoma in clinical stage IB or IIA, were given ORG OD14 2.5 mg/day, oestradiol valerate (E2V) 2 mg/day and a placebo for 6 weeks each, in a double-blind cross-over study. There was a marked decrease in all lipid components of HDL (high density lipoprotein), i.e. total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids (P less than 0.001), after OD14. The oral glucose tolerance test showed higher values after OD14 compared to both E2V and placebo (P less than 0.05), indicating a slightly impaired glucose tolerance. The lipid metabolic changes induced by OD14 indicate a rather strong androgenic influence in this respect.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism studies in oophorectomized women: effects produced by the addition of norethisterone acetate to two estrogen preparations.

Norethisterone acetate (NET) was administered to 11 oophorectomized women, primed with either 17-C-alkylated ethinylestradiol (EE) or the non-alkylated estrogen, estradiol valerate (E2V), to evaluate the effects on lipid metabolism. Blood samples were drawn after a period without hormonal replacement therapy and after 6 weeks on each estrogen and estrogen-progestogen combination. Serum and lipoprotein lipids were followed and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with blood glucose and plasma insulin determinations. NET reversed the increase in serum triglycerides induced by EE and, when added to either estrogen, increased low density lipoproteins and reversed the high density lipoprotein lipid increase induced by both estrogens. The NET + EE, but not the NET + E2V combination, imparied glucose tolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Two oral contraceptives, efficacy, serum proteins, and lipid metabolism. A comparative multicentre study on a triphasic and a fixed dose combination.

A triphasic, combined oral contraceptive containing 30 - 40 - 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol (EE), and 50 - 75 - 125 micrograms levonorgestrel was compared with a fixed dose combination containing 30 micrograms EE and 150 micrograms desogestrel in a randomized multicentre trial in 193/199 women and 1 063/1 073 cycles, respectively. The duration of the trial was six months. Eleven centres in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway participated. Contraceptive reliability, bleeding control and side effects were evaluated. Influence on serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and transcortin was assayed as well as lipid metabolism. Three pregnancies occurred in the group using the triphasic regimen but none in the fixed dose regimen. Two of the three pregnancies were considered drug failures and the third a possible interaction. Possible reasons for the triphasic contraceptive failure are discussed with special reference to a British report on eight pregnancies. Bleeding control appeared to be equally good for the two preparations. However, the number of cycles with spotting, breakthrough bleeding and missed withdrawal bleeding were above the levels reported earlier on the triphasic regimen. About 80 per cent of the women completed the planned six months on either combination. Side effects were generally mild and in accordance with earlier reports on low dose oral contraceptives. Metabolically the triphasic levonorgestrel combination increased SHBG 100 per cent versus 200 per cent for the fixed desogestrel combination. Transcortin rose about 98 and 110 per cent, respectively. Both preparations induced similar changes in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins with the exception of a significant increase in the arachidonic content of cholesterol during treatment with the desogestrel-containing preparation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of a continuous oestrogen-progestogen regimen for climacteric complaints.

Subjective complaints, endometrial histopathology, vaginal cytology and bleeding patterns were recorded in 26 patients treated with a continuous oestrogen-progestogen regimen for 12 mth. A marked reduction of hot flushes and sweats were noted and the evaluation of endometrial specimens revealed that the mucosae were mostly inactive-atrophic. The karyopyknotic index proved to be a poor indicator of oestrogenic activity. The number of recorded bleedings in the peri-menopausal women differed markedly from the post-menopausal women during treatment; they were very slight in the latter group. Even in those cases where bleeding occurred, the endometrial samples were found to be atrophic. Vaginal bleeding seemed to be an unreliable indicator of endometrial histopathology. The present combination of hormones used in a continuous regimen is a good alternative for post-menopausal women in need of hormonal therapy.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1982

Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomised women: effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins of three synthetic progestogens.

Norethisterone acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel were administered to oophorectomised women to evaluate the effects they have on lipid metabolism. Blood samples were drawn after a 3 wk period without hormone therapy and after 3 wk on each progestogen. Serum and lipoprotein lipids were followed and an oral glucose tolerance test with blood glucose and plasma insulin determinations were performed. The nortestosterone derivatives, norethisterone acetate and levonorgestrel, decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as alpha-lipoproteincholesterol, while the 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivative medroxyprogesterone acetate did not. Norethisterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate impaired glucose tolerance. A difference between nortestosterone derivatives and 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives having an effect on high density lipoproteins is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Influence of esterified estrogens and medroxyprogesterone on lipid metabolism and sex steroids. A study in oophorectomized women.

Eight oophorectomized women were given 1.25 mg esterified estrogens (EE) daily for 21 days and 5 mg medroxyprogesteroneacetate (MPA) daily for 5 days in a sequence combination. The effects on sex steroids, gonadotrophins, lipids and lipoproteins as well as the relative fatty acid composition of lecithin and cholesterol ester induced by treatment were studied. Esterified estrogens were readily absorbed with estrogen levels corresponding to those of a normal luteal phase. A favourable estrone/estradiol ratio was found during treatment. After two days without EE no estrogens could be detected. Androstenedione was significantly depressed after the MPA period, otherwise it remained unchanged. Minor changes were induced in serum lipids and lipoproteins. A decrease in cholesterol ester of 12 and 23 per cent was found for palmitic and stearic acid concomitant with an increase of arachidonic acid of about 20 per cent after three weeks of estrogen treatment. After the MPA period increases in free cholesterol, total cholesterol and phospholipids in HDL were assessed. It was concluded that MPA in this experiment from a lipid metabolic point of view seemed to be a favourable progestogen complement.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in the second half of the normal pregnancy.

Fasting vein blood samples from 21 apparently normal pregnant women were collected in 4-week intervals from the 24th week of gestation until delivery. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitic acid increased successively concomitant with a decrease in stearic acid which indicates that serum lecithin is predominantly synthesized along pathway I. Linoleic acid decreased successively parallel to an increased incorporation of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids and non-essential monoenoic (palmitoleic and oleic) acids. The increased incorporation of longer polyunsaturated fatty acids is suggested to be associated with the increased activity of the deacylation-reacylation cycle. The increase of nonessential monoenoic fatty acids is suggested to be associated with a reduced de novo incorporation of linoleic acid.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Terbutaline and pulmonary surfactant release in the rabbit fetus.

The influence of terbutaline on content of phospholipids and their fatty acid composition in fetal lung wash and lung homogenates was studied in 28-day-old rabbit fetuses. To obtain both the fatty acid composition and the quantity of lecithin and sphingomyelin gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) was used, which gave a linear relationship when compared to standard solutions of the phospholipids. The amount of lecithin was significantly increased in the lung wash in terbutaline-treated fetuses compared to controls, while the sphingomyelin content was unchanged. In the lung homogenates no quantitative differences were noted between the two groups. The fatty acid composition of lecithin and sphingomyelin did not alter neither in lung wash nor in lung homogenate after terbutaline administration. The present results indicate that beta-mimetics mainly act by favouring the release of preformed surfactant and not by stimulating the synthetic capacity of type II cells in the alveolar lining layer.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women: effects of synthetic progestogens on individual serum phospholipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition.

Norethisterone acetate (NET), levonorgestrel (NORG) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were administered to oophorectomized women to evaluate the effects on individual serum phospholipids as well as serum lecithin and cholesterol ester fatty acid composition. Blood samples were drawn after a 3-week period without hormonal replacement therapy and after 3 weeks on each progestogen. NORG reduced cepahlin and lecithin with a concomitant increase in lysolecithin. This shift in individual phospholipids has previously been induced by exogenous androgens. The 17C-alkylated synthetic progestogens NET and NORG but not the non-alkylated MPA caused a redistribution among the 1-position fatty acids of serum lecithin with an increase in palmitic concomitant with a decrease in stearic acid. These findings indicate differences between 19-nortestosterone derivatives and 17-hydroxyprogesterone derivatives in effect on individual serum phospholipids and in influence on liver lecithin synthesis as judged from serum lecithin fatty acid composition.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Does progestogen reduction in oral contraception parallel reduced lipid metabolic effects?

Twelve young fertile women participated in a cross-over design study whose purpose was to evaluate the effect on lipid metabolism induced by two sequential contraceptive preparations. Sequilarum (50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel where the levonorgestrel dose is varied from 50 micrograms during the first 11 days up to 125 micrograms during the lst 10 days of the cycle) was compared with Ovanone (50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol for 22 days with the addition of 2.5 mg lynestrenol during the last 15 days of the cycle). Serum triglycerides, phospholipids, free and total cholesterol were determined, and also was the level of these lipid components in ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein lipids. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. As expected, both of these preparations are predominantly estrogenic in their effects on lipoprotein metabolism, since both raise serum and VLDL triglyceride levels. The absence of any substantial influence on HDL cholesterol should probably be interpreted as a modifying effect of the progestogen component of both preparations. As to the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin the shift induced in palmitic and stearic acids was the same as found in earlier studies when 17C-alkylated exogenous sex steroids were administered, i.e. an increase in the palmitic acid concomitant with a decrease in the stearic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin in one woman with essential hypertension superimposed by severe preeclampsia.

A hospitalized woman with essential hypertension complicated by severe preeclampsia was serially studied in the end of her pregnancy and in the puerperal period. The relative composition of serum lecithin fatty acids was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. In the present case, the main finding during pregnancy was a dramatic decrease of the linoleic acid parallel to a vast increase of nonessential fatty acids. Of these fatty acids, 20:3 of the oleic acid series was found in an extremely high quantity which may suggest a compensatory mechanism to reduced levels of essential polyenoic fatty acids. It was suggested that the linoleic acid decrement was mainly associated with the disease. These changes were found to be enhancements of differences earlier found between preeclamptic and normal pregnant women.

Fatty Acids↗
PubMed1981

Effect of oestriol, oestradiol valerate and ethinyloestradiol on serum proteins in oestrogen-deficient women.

The effect of oestriol (3 mg for 3 mth), oestradiol valerate (2 mg for 3 mth) and ethinyloestradiol (0.025 mg for 21 days) on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), transcortin, ceruloplasmin and pregnancy-associated macro-globulin (PAG) was analysed in oestrogen-deficient women. The doses of oestrogens were therapeutically effective for the treatment of oestrogen-deficiency symptoms. Treatment with 0.025 mg ethinyloestradiol induced a 281% increase in PAG, a 119% increase in SHBG, a 74% increase in transcortin and a 74% increase in ceruloplasmin levels. Administration of 2 mg oestradiol valerate resulted in a 40% increase in SHBG, a small increase in transcortin and ceruloplasmin, whereas PAG levels remained unaffected. None of the parameters tested were affected by oestriol treatment. PAG was clearly the most sensitive parameter for ethinyloestradiol while SHBG was the most sensitive parameter for oestradiol valerate. These results show no relationship between clinical efficacy and effect of plasma protein synthesis, and demonstrate that one has to be very careful when comparing potency estimates for different oestrogens and different parameters.

Adult↗