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Biomedical subjects

G Salvatori

Publications and source records attributed to G Salvatori.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Myogenic conversion of mammalian fibroblasts induced by differentiating muscle cells.

Somite-derived skeletal myoblasts are supposed to be the sole source of muscle fibre nuclei during pre- and postnatal development, but evidence is accumulating for unorthodox contributions to muscle fibre nuclei from other cell types. For example, in tissue culture, fibroblasts can fuse with dysgenic myoblasts and restore correct membrane function. We report here the results of a series of experiments investigating this phenomenon and its possible mechanism. 10T1/2 cells, infected with a replication defective retrovirus encoding the bacterial enzyme beta-galactosidase, fused to form beta-galactosidase positive, differentiated myotubes when cocultured with differentiating uninfected C2C12 or primary myogenic cells, but this did not occur when they were cocultured with other cells such as 3T3 fibroblasts or PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. Myogenic conversion ranged from 1 to 10% of the 10T1/2 cell population and required close cell interaction between the different cells types: it was not induced by conditioned medium or extracellular matrix deposited by C2C12 cells. Myogenic conversion was also observed in vivo, after injection of similarly infected 10T1/2 cells into regenerating muscle. Conversion was seen also after coculture of uninfected 10T1/2 cells with primary chick myoblasts, thus demonstrating that it was not dependent upon viral infection and that there is no species or class barrier in this phenomenon. Primary fibroblasts, isolated from different organs of transgenic mice carrying a Lac Z marker under the control of a muscle-specific promoter, restricting beta-galactosidase expression to striated muscle cells, also underwent myogenic conversion, when cocultured with C2C12 myoblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1993

Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human primary myogenic cells leads to expression in muscle fibers in vivo.

Primary human myogenic cells isolated from fetal and adult muscle were infected with a high-titer, Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV)-derived retroviral vector expressing a bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene under long terminal repeat (LTR) control. Gene transfer efficiency averaged 50% in both fetal myoblasts and adult satellite cells, as revealed by beta-gal staining. The reporter gene was stably integrated, faithfully inherited, and expressed at significant levels in myogenic cells for at least 10 generations under clonal growth conditions, and throughout the culture life span upon differentiation into myotubes. Comparable gene transfer efficiency was obtained in myogenic cells from muscle biopsies of patients affected by a number of genetic or acquired myopathies, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Transduced normal human satellite cells were injected into regenerating muscle of immunodeficient mice, where they formed new muscle fibers in which the product of the reporter gene was detectable for 2 months after injection. These results show that retroviral vectors can be used to transfer foreign genes with high efficiency into normal or abnormal primary human myogenic cells, leading to stable expression into mature muscle. Satellite cells engineered in this way might represent an effective tool for gene therapy of muscular dystrophies as well as for systemic delivery of recombinant gene products for correction of inherited and acquired disorders. The human-mouse model described here will allow in vivo testing of such gene therapy approaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Finger tremor and the central nervous system.

It is well known that normal physiological tremor of the fingers and alpha rhythm in the EEG, may share a common frequency band in the region of 10 Hz; that these two characteristics may be in some way related as a function of their frequencies, is a hypothesis which needs to be tested, as one element in establishing the physiology of physiological tremor. Bilateral occipital EEGs and simultaneous measurements of acceleration from the terminal phalanx of the middle finger of both hands were recorded from eight subjects. The data were analysed to produce power spectral densities and coherence functions, the latter being used to reveal the presence or absence of frequency elements common to both signals. No evidence was found that would support a hypothesis that the two characteristics were in any way frequency related, from which it can be inferred that the tremor is not under central control. In addition, tremor of the right and left hands does not show a synchronous relationship.

Brain↗
PubMed1976

[Use of ceruletide in oral cholecystography].

Ceruletide in a dose of 0.25 microgram/kg of body weight intramuscular has been used for cholecystokinetic purposes during oral cholecystography in 42 patients. Results were favourable and trouble-free. Radiographs of 7 cases are presented.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Rationale for the use of extracorporeal treatments for sepsis].

Sepsis is the leading cause of disability and mortality among critical patients; moreover, it causes high economic expenditures. Although very much is known about the pathophysiology of this condition and its mediators despite great investments directed to its control, mortality rates remain high. Recent treatment manuals emphasize the value of early goal-oriented therapy and also point to the high efficacy of activated protein C. Extracorporeal blood clearance may potentially become a new approach to treating this condition. There are reports on its positive clinical results that are likely associated with the effective removal of septic mediators. Human and animal studies, few and rather alike as they are, have yielded promising results. It is evident that the use of these procedures is justified; however, their efficiency in sepsis requires large-scale, correctly conducted studies.

Extracorporeal Circulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of plasmapheresis in the treatment of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children].

The plasma-exchange has been recently adopted in the therapy of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. We experimented this therapy, without any complication with traditional treatment (anti platelet-aggregation, frozen fresh plasma), on a child of 6 years and 8 months old. A rapid normalization of the clinical syntomatology was obtained without sequences also after a long period. The PE therapy has to be carefully valued on the solution of the SUE in order to establish the cases to be treated, missing proved results from controlled experiments.

Aspirin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of the surgical treatment of primary obstructive megaureter in the child].

Primary obstructive megaureter (P.O.M.) is a dilatation, different in size, of upper urinary tract without reflux and secondary to a functional obstructive malformation of terminal segment of ureter. Infection and renal function impairment complicate P.O.M. in a rather high percentage of cases. In Authors' experience, in about 22% another urinary malformation and in more than 8% an extraurinary malformation are associated. Authors' experience in the treatment of 119 P.O.M. (102 patients) is reported. 14 P.O.M. (9 patients) were not operated on. In 104 megaureters (92 patients) an ureteric reimplantation with shortening and tailoring without preoperative temporary urinary diversion was carried out. In 4 megaureters a V.U.R. and in another 4 an ureteric stenosis taken place as postoperative complications. In 96 ureters (92.3%) positive results were obtained with normalisation or impressive improvement of upper urinary tract and improvement of renal function.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hydronephrosis surgically treated in the 1st year of life. Short- and long-term radiologic and functional evaluation].

Hydronephrosis in infancy and childhood is a frequent urinary malformation and is almost always congenital. In over 80% of the cases it is due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction; much less frequently it is due to anomalous renal vessels, sometimes associated to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. In this paper the Authors analyze their experience in the surgical treatment of this urinary malformation. 234 hydronephrosis out of 222 patients were operated on from January 1972 to June 1985. 61 hydronephrosis were operated on in 55 infants under 1 year. Primary nephrectomy was carried out only in 9 of the 234 hydronephrosis operated on (3.9%) and in 3 of the 61 hydronephrosis operated on in infants less than 1 year old (4.9%). All the 55 infants but one showed a significant radiological improvement after pyeloplasty. 28 infants but one showed a significant radiological improvement after pyeloplasty. 28 infants for a total of 30 hydronephrosis had a glomerular filtration rate determination during sequential scan for individual kidney function assessment. 90% of the kidneys operated on showed a normal or slightly reduced glomerular filtration rate. Recent advances in prenatal echographic diagnosis and relationship between obstructive uropathy, renal development and pulmonary hypoplasia are discussed. The Authors stress out the importance of early diagnosis to improve surgical results.

Adolescent↗