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Biomedical subjects

G Salerno

Publications and source records attributed to G Salerno.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The CO2 laser in the laryngeal microsurgery.

636 patients suffering from several laryngeal pathologies were treated with the CO2 laser. The results obtained confirm that this instrument is a valid alternative surgical tool, in comparison with the traditional surgery, because it allows to carry out the removal of the lesion with greater precision and more advantageously, when clinical indications are exact and surgical technique correctly performed. The results are as follows: Vocal nodules: no real advantages are offered by the CO2 laser in the treatment of these pathologies, whereas, in a small percentage of cases, the occurrence of reactive nodules or scars was noted; Cordal polyps are better removed with the traditional procedures, whereas the CO2 laser allows a more accurate excision of voluminous polyps or edemas of Reinke because of the bloodless operative field; Dyskeratoses: better functional results can be obtained using the laser. In these cases, however, an accurate preoperative evaluation is of fundamental importance to exclude any carcinomatous degeneration; Laryngeal amyloidosis is easily removed with minimal trauma and functional impairments using the laser; Laryngeal papillomatosis: the laser makes it possible to achieve complete recovery if radical excision, avoidance of accidental laryngeal damage and frequent postoperative controls are done; Laryngeal cancers: when clinical indications are correct, the main laser advantages in the treatment of T1 and T2 glottic cancers are the endoscopic removal of the lesion, avoidance of tracheotomy, shorter hospital stay and better quality of voice. Radical excision of the lesion is obtained by dissecting the tumor along the traditional cleavage plane, i.e. the inner perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage; Bilateral vocal cord paralysis: partial or total arytenoidectomy can be performed with the laser, with excellent functional results and minimal trauma and inconveniences; Laryngeal stenoses: chronic aditus edemas, vocal cord synechiae and webs are easily removed, taking care to avoid damage to the posterior commissure or to the elastic tracheal wall and performing frequent endoscopic removal of the fibrin clots in the postoperative period. Concentric stenoses and circumferential webs are firstly vaporized, then a silastic Montgomery T-tube is placed in the neocavity and left in place until re-epithelialization is completed. The insertion of a metallic tracheotomic cannula in the horizontal and descendant branches of the T-tube has been shown to be a useful precaution in order to achieve better results.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1984

Monoclonal antibodies to human urokinase identify the single-chain pro-urokinase precursor.

Monoclonal antibodies have been obtained that recognize either the A or B chain of human urinary urokinase. These antibodies identify human urokinase-producing cells and the product of urokinase mRNA. Anti-urokinase monoclonal antibodies precipitate an approximately equal to 54,000-dalton protein synthesized in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. This pro-urokinase appears to be the precursor of both A and B chains of human urinary urokinase. Urokinase mRNA in human kidney constitutes only 0.1% or less of total poly(A)+ RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Preparation of patients in diagnostic contrast radiography of the urinary and bile tracts and the large intestine].

A preparation schedule including, for clysterisation, a substance based on palmitate, stearate and oleate of sodium of vegetable origin has been experimented in 130 patients of both sexes (70 awaiting contrastography of the urinary and bile ways, and 60 double contrastography of the colon). Excellent results were obtained in urography and colangiocholecystography when the schedule was limited to just one clyster with double dose of Radioced carried out on the same morning as the investigation. For an examination like double contrast clyster, which is more demanding from the viewpoint of correct intestinal cleansing, the number of clysters has to be increased to four. Three, at appropriate intervals, are carried out on the day preceding examination, and the last no more than two hours prior to the clyster. In all four, a double dose of Radioced dissolved in warm water (two litres for each of the first three and a litre and a half for the fourth) is used. Still on double contrast clyster, the preparation schedule requires a three-day diet (the first two involving low-waste foods and the third a liquid diet only) plus 30 g of Epsom salts (and no less than a litre of water) the day before double contrastography.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1981

Reversible unidirectional inhibition of sucrose synthase activity by disulfides.

Sucrose synthase (UDPglucose:D-fructose 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase, EC2.4.1.13), which catalyzes the synthesis and cleavage of sucrose, exhibits differences in some properties between the two reactions. When enzyme previously incubated with oxidized glutathione or oxidized thioredoxin was used, sucrose cleavage was inhibited whereas sucrose synthesis proceeded at a normal rate. Sucrose cleavage activity could be restored by incubation with dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione. The thioredoxin effect was influenced by the presence of cleavage reaction substrates--i.e., sucrose and UDP. Thioredoxin action was rather slow compared with the catalytic reaction. These findings may have important implications for understanding the metabolic role of sucrose synthase and oxidized thioredoxin. Theoretically, the fact that an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction is inhibited in one direction only suggests that a modification in the enzyme affinities for its substrates must have occurred.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A combination of platinum and tamoxifen in advanced ovarian cancer failing platinum-based chemotherapy: results of a Phase II study.

The treatment of recurrent or progressive ovarian cancer has limited therapeutic potential. The clinical outcome of second-line therapy largely depends on the potential chemo-sensitivity of the tumor expressed during up-front chemotherapy, as well as on the treatment-free interval from the last course of cytotoxic therapy. However, the identification of agents such as tamoxifen (TAM) at nontoxic doses, able to act synergistically with standard chemotherapy, may be useful to overcome resistance. Fifty patients with recurrent or progressive ovarian cancer following platinum (P)-based chemotherapy (28 platinum-resistant and 22 platinum-sensitive) entered a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of P re-challenge with the addition of TAM as a chemotherapy response modulator. The choice of the P compound (100 mg/m2 cisplatin or 400 mg/m2 carboplatin, q3 weeks) was made on the basis of the prior total cisplatin dose and the presence of neurotoxicity. TAM was administered at the doses of 80 mg/day for 30 days followed by 40 mg/day for the remaining period of treatment. Toxicity consisted mainly of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting (76%), peripheral neuropathy (43%), nephrotoxicity (4%), anemia (16%), leukopenia (58%) and thrombocytopenia (16%). The overall response to the P-TAM combination was 50% (complete response 30%; partial response 20%) with a median duration of 8.5 months (3-42). Sixty-four percent of the P-sensitive and 39% of the P-resistant patients responded (59% and 33%, respectively, for those bearing measurable disease). The overall median survival was 23 (3-48) and 19 months for the patients with measurable disease (20 months for the P-resistant group). This phase II trial confirmed the activity for a re-challenge employing a P compound and TAM in clinically defined P-resistant ovarian cancer patients. The mild toxicity profile and the relatively low cost of the treatment render further investigations on the P-TAM regimen worthwhile.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fate of the antimetastatic ruthenium complex ImH [trans-RuCl4(DMSO)Im] after acute i.v. treatment in mice.

The content of ruthenium in blood and different organs of healthy CBA mice was determined by AAS after single i.v. treatment of 200 mg kg-1 of NAMI-A, a new antimetastatic ruthenium compound. Ruthenium concentration in blood falls 5 min after i.v. treatment. In the kidney, ruthenium concentration is markedly higher than in any other analysed tissue. No ruthenium was detected in brains. Pharmacokinetic parameters for a mono- or a bi-compartment model are identifiable: t1/2 is 10.45 h vs 12.02 (t1/2 alpha 0.023 h + t1/2 beta 12 h) with Cltot of 1.60 ml*h-1 vs 1.59); Vd is 24.15 vs 27.48 ml and (model dependent) AUC is 689 vs 694 mg*L-1*h. AUC(0-->infinity) calculated by noncompartmental method (linear trapezoidal rule) is 719.77 mg*L-1*h. NAMI-A is rapidly cleared from the blood compartment immediately after i.v. administration. Apparently, there is no differential accumulation of ruthenium in the lungs which might account for a selective antimetastatic effect caused by a cytotoxic concentration in this site, nor in any other specific organ examined.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tracheoesophageal prostheses].

The AA. report their own experience in the field of tracheoesophageal speech rehabilitation of laryngectomees. In order to get a high rate of successful results, (an accurate selection of patients is of fundamental importance) mainly to identify the physical requirements and the motivational aspects potentially favouring vocal, rehabilitation. The personal technique of tracheoesophageal fistula creation under local anesthesia is illustrated, the procedure generally last 5-10 minutes with minimal tissue trauma and blood loss and is also suitable for outpatients. For the above-mentioned reasons, the AA. prefer to perform the tracheoesophageal puncture as a secondary procedure, i.e., after total laryngectomy, taking into account the many inconveniences related to primary rehabilitation, as reported in literature. Finally, advantages and inconveniences of the various types of prosthetic devices employed are illustrated and the causes of failure are discusses.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomo-radiological study of the mesenteric small intestine using double-contrast enteroclysis. I. Position, length and diameter of the loops, thickness of their walls].

The Authors examined some anatomical parameters concerning the jejunum and ileum as the relationship between the loops, their extension, length, diameter and the wall thickness. 2019 patients have been studied by "double contrast small bowel enema". The results are in general according with the literature. Only the measure of the length changed, in fact it is shorter than that indicated in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomo-radiologic study of the mesenteric small intestine using double-contrast enema. II. The surface of the mucous membrane].

X-ray analysis were used to study the jejunum and ileum, in vivo. 2019 patients were examined by double contrast small bowel enema. We considered some parameters concerning the folds of its mucous membrane and its thickness and depth. Furthermore, we considered the radiological appearance of the Peyer's patches and solitary lymphatic follicles. The results are according to the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rationale for very high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell support in advanced ovarian cancer.

Although significant progress has been made in the management of advanced ovarian cancer, the majority of patients continue to die of this disease. Most advanced ovarian cancer patients present sub-optimal residual tumour after primary surgery and their prognosis is very poor since residual disease has been confirmed as the major factor predicting response to chemotherapy and survival. Therefore, it seems worth developing treatment modalities that can produce a longer remission period. In this short review, the authors summarize the clinical and experimental evidence supporting the usefulness of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in advanced ovarian cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗