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Biomedical subjects

G S Parcel

Publications and source records attributed to G S Parcel.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Developing comprehensive smoking control programs in schools.

During the school years, students encounter peer influences and role models who encourage smoking initiation. To counteract these influences, schools can provide comprehensive programs that include smoking prevention and cessation education and a supportive nonsmoking environment. In the past several years, programs and information have become available to help schools establish curricula to address smoking and to create nonsmoking environments. In addition, state and local governments have acted to legally restrict smoking in schools or to require smoking content in curricula. Efforts can be categorized into three avenues of intervention: student education, school and school system policy, and governmental regulation. Resources are suggested for each category to assist in developing a comprehensive intervention to foster nonsmoking by children and adolescents in the school setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Implementing organizational changes to promote healthful diet and physical activity at school.

Diet and physical activity patterns appear to be learned at early ages, suggesting the need for school-based intervention. The potential of schools to improve children's diet and physical activity has been offset by countervailing school environments. In the first year of the "Go For Health" health promotion project, organizational change innovations were implemented to facilitate changes in school lunch, physical education, and classroom health education in support of healthful student diet and physical activity. At first follow-up after one year of intervention, the amount of sodium in selected foods served in school lunch was reduced from baseline (1985) to year one (1986) in the experimental schools by 29 and 33%, respectively, and fat was reduced by 28 and 42%, respectively. At first follow-up, students in the experimental schools participated in fitness activities 44.1 and 38.0% of the time, compared with 19.5 and 22.7% in the control schools.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Health promotion: integrating organizational change and student learning strategies.

The background and conceptual support for a model for planned change in schools are presented to facilitate the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of health promotion innovations. The model proposes four phases of change: (1) institutional commitment, (2) alterations in policies and practices, (3) alterations in roles and actions of staff, and (4) student learning activities. The model can be applied to influence organizational change in multiple components of the school health program to predispose, enable, and reinforce student health behavior.

Health Behavior↗
PubMed1987

School promotion of healthful diet and exercise behavior: an integration of organizational change and social learning theory interventions.

In the Go For Health project, interventions based on organizational change and social learning theory facilitate changes in diet and exercise behavior by elementary school children. Baseline data documented the need for behavior change. Based on chemical analyses, average per meal amounts of total fat and sodium were higher than national recommendations: total fat was 29.3% higher than U.S. Dietary Goals; sodium was 107.4% greater than recommended levels. Observations of students in physical education class revealed children moved through space 50.1% of the time and moved continuously an average of 2.2 minutes per class period. These findings suggest the need for policy and practice changes in the school environment to enable children to engage in more healthful diet and exercise behavior.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1986

Curricular implications of health promotion and disease prevention in allied health education.

Several recent articles have addressed the role of allied health professionals in health promotion and disease prevention (HP/DP). The consensus is that allied health professionals are on the threshold of making major contributions to the HP/DP initiative. The focus of these contributions usually centers on the role of allied health professionals in clinical settings and the traditional medical-model emphasis on direct patient contact. In addition, there is discussion of the programmatic changes that will be required to meet the challenge of integrating health promotion concepts, knowledge, and skills into current professional curricula. The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the rationale behind providing HP/DP education for allied health professionals and to discuss the implications of such education for professional preparation programs.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Parental evaluations of a sex education course for young adolescents.

Parental evaluations of their children's participation in a school-based sex education program for young adolescents were conducted by interview using a structured questionnaire. Parents were asked questions concerning: course objectives, course content, instructional materials, expectations, perceived effectiveness, and important outcomes of the instruction. The sex education course was six weeks in length, meeting for 50 minutes daily. The program was comprehensive and did not avoid areas typically thought of as controversial. The results indicated parental support for the sex education program and the evaluation provided useful information for program revision. An examination of the findings suggest a paradox in that parents want their children to be informed about sexuality and to be able to make decisions that would avoid problems, but they are uneasy about dealing directly with sexual behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of a health education curriculum on the smoking intentions of preschool children.

A smoking questionnaire that was designed to assess children's views about the identity, availability, and use of tobacco products, as well as their intentions to use such products in the future, was given to 150 four-year-old preschool children, 99 of whom had been taught the Preschool Health Education (PHEP) curriculum. Results indicated that significantly fewer of the children who received the PHEP curriculum intended to smoke in the future. Most of the children who intended to smoke were influenced by adult models.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1984

Theoretical models for application in school health education research.

Theoretical models that may be useful to research studies in school health education are reviewed. Selected, well-defined theories include social learning theory, problem-behavior theory, theory of reasoned action, communications theory, coping theory, social competence, and social and family theories. Also reviewed are multiple theory models including models of health related-behavior, the PRECEDE Framework, social-psychological approaches and the Activated Health Education Model. Two major reviews of teaching models are also discussed. The paper concludes with a brief outline of the general applications of theory to the field of school health education including applications to basic research, development and design of interventions, program evaluation, and program utilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A health education program for children with asthma.

A school-based health education program was conducted for children with asthma. Fifty-three children with asthma participated in the educational program and 51 children who did not participate during the 1st year served as a "comparison group." The program was administered to the "comparison group" during the 2nd year to replicate observed changes. The educational program improved knowledge, increased the child's perception of having more control over his/her health and reduced anxiety associated with illness. Results indicate that educational objectives for children with asthma can be met through a structured educational program, conducted in small groups.

Asthma↗