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Biomedical subjects

G S Kaplan

Publications and source records attributed to G S Kaplan.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Hysterical stridor: a diagnosis of exclusion.

Two stridorous patients who presented to the emergency department with respiratory distress are discussed. Thorough history, physical examination, and direct visualization of the larynx failed to detect any anatomical upper airway abnormalities; therefore, the etiology of airway obstruction in both patients was determined to be psychogenic. Stridor caused by psychogenic causes is uncommon and, probably, underrecognized. Stridor caused by structural and pathological causes must be considered and excluded before it can be attributed to psychogenic causes, thereby making this a diagnosis of exclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Gallbladder mechanics in newborn piglets.

The mechanical properties of the newborn piglet gallbladder were evaluated in both the stimulated and unstimulated states. The pressure-volume relationships, compliance, and the estimated active tension of the gallbladder were determined in 10 newborn piglets (2-7 days of age). Agonist stimulation was achieved by administration of histamine (25 micrograms/kg/h) and cholecystokinin (CCK) (60 ng/kg/h). Both histamine and CCK increased the intracholecystic pressure at the 50% resting volume from 12.4 cm H2O to 18.9 and 15.5 cm H2O, respectively. This resulted in a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the active tension. However, no significant changes were observed in the gallbladder compliance after stimulation. These findings characterize the mechanical properties of the normal neonatal gallbladder. The low magnitude of intracholecystic pressure response to agonist stimulation, when compared to adult data, may explain the occurrence of decreased neonatal choledochal bile flow.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

History of implants.

In summary, implants are highly successful because encapsulation occurs around the implant without rejection and no other fixation is necessary. There is relatively no shortening or instability of the toe, such as a floppy toe. This seems to prevent painful stiff pseudoarthrosis or arthritis because it acts as a spacer to prevent narrowing of the joint and allows for movement. It prevents a short first toe and prevents any undesired cosmetic results, as it provides the joint with a pain-free range of motion, allowing it to become more mobile and stable. Also, ulnar implants have been used with the same indications and contraindications. The most important consideration about implant surgery is that these implants, that is, the Silastic and the Swanson design, are nonabsorbable. They will not cause tissue reaction and the fibrous encapsulation forms all that is necessary to encapsulate the implant itself; therefore, there is very little bony rejection. From recent literature and through professional experience, it has been proved that implants act primarily as a spacer. They provide a pain-free range of motion but not as well as desired. Implants provide stability to the joint, which is of the utmost importance. The Silastic implants have stood the test of time in most cases. However, the search for better biomaterials, better results, and better functions is never ending. There is a great need for continued research into this field. Podiatry must continue to maintain, contribute, and improve this research.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1978

Metatarsal lengthening by use of autogenous bone graft and internal wire compression fixation: a preliminary report.

As a preliminary report, our paper is designed to show another procedure to be used by podiatrists in lengthening metatarsals by the use of an autogenous bone graft. The procedure described should be considered when metatarsal length problems arise. Discussed were the basic physiologic properties of grafting, and the actual procedure of doing these grafts.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed1977

Tarsal coalition: review and preliminary conclusions.

Tarsal coalition is a relatively rare anomaly, and the degree of fusion between two or more tarsal bones varies. The coalition may be osseous, cartilaginous or fibrous, and it may be complete or incomplete. It usually results in rigid planovalgus deformity of the foot and may be associated with secondary spasm of the peroneal muscle group. With few exceptions, complete stabilization by arthrodesis is the treatment of choice.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Triple arthrodesis.

Arthrodesis, the surgical fusion of a joint or joints when motion is undesirable, is one of the most exacting surgical procedures performed on the foot. In this article, the authors discuss arthrodesing techniques from the earliest attempts in 1878 to the more sophisticated and more successful corrective procedures of the present day. Their preference of the two surgical techniques used for triple arthrodesis is the method which involves two incisions--a 12-cm. incision on the medial aspect of the foot and an 8-cm. incision on the lateral aspect of the foot.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Reversal of leukemia virus-induced immunosuppression in vitro by peritoneal macrophages.

When spleen cells from mice infected with Rowson-Parr virus (RPV) were cultivated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), antibody plaque responses were markedly lower than those in similarly cultivated spleen cells from normal mice. Addition of as few as 10(3) spleen cells from RPV-infected mice to cultures of normal aplenocytes markedly depressed the expected immune response. Although RPV-infected mice showed maximum immunodpression in vivo only during the first week after infection, their spleen cells, obtained later in the course of infection, depressed the immunologic responsiveness of normal splenocytes in vitro. Increased doses of SRBC or addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to cultures of spleen cells from immunodepressed, RPV-infected mice stimulated antibody formation, and near-normal numbers of antibody-producing cells were evident. Peritoneal exudate (PE) cells, but not thymus, bone marrow, or unfractioned spleen cells, restored immunocompetence to cultures of spleen cells from RPV-infected mice but did not affect the suppressive properties of the infected cells on normal splenocytes. The function of PE cell macrophages in restoring immunocompetence to infected spleen cells in cultures seemed related to a possible antigen-focusing activity of the cells; antibody-producing cell precursors in infected cultures seemed to be preferentially affected by the presence of normal PE cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A triligamentous reconstruction for lateral ankle instability.

In this paper the authors discuss chronic ankle instability and describe a modified surgical procedure that is easily performed and offers good results. The method attempts to restore stability and normal function to the lateral ankle.

Ankle↗