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Biomedical subjects

G S Everly

Publications and source records attributed to G S Everly.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Toward a model of psychological triage: who will most need assistance?

While well developed within physical medicine, the concept of triage within emergency mental health is ill-defined. The purpose of this paper is to offer one formulation and a rudimentary set of guidelines for the process of psychological triage for individuals in crisis. These recommendations are unique in that they reflect an integration of clinical empiricism and applied physiological concepts. It is hoped that such an initiative will assist in the most efficient and effective allocation of mental health resources in acute crises, traumas, disasters, and even combat-related situations.

Combat Disorders↗
PubMed1999

Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD): a meta-analysis.

Psychological debriefings represent a genre of group crisis interventions. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) represents the oldest standardized variation of this genre. Recent reviews have called into question the effectiveness of CISD. In this study 5 previously published investigations were meta-analyzed revealing a large effect size (Cohen's d = .86) supporting the notion that the CISD model of psychological debriefing is an effective crisis intervention.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1989

Neuropsychology of posttraumatic stress disorder: a pilot study.

The purpose of this paper was to describe a pilot neuropsychological investigation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 14 patients diagnosed (by DSM-III-R criteria) as having posttraumatic stress disorder were administered the Four-word Short-term Memory test. Only two of the 14 patients did not meet one of the two criteria for cognitive impairment. Research directions are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Disorders of arousal and the relaxation response: speculations on the nature and treatment of stress-related diseases.

The classification of diseases represents an important, yet often enigmatic, process. This is especially true in the case of stress-related diseases. Until the 1980s, stress-related diseases were categorized on the basis of the target organ system affected. A merger of 20 years of clinical data with research and theoretical formulations from the neurosciences gave us the opportunity to reformulate, or at least add a fresh perspective to, the understanding of the nature and treatment of stress-related diseases. Based upon over two decades of research and clinical trials, one such reformulation is presented here. It is contended that many psychiatric and somatic stress-related diseases are but manifest variations on a theme of limbicogenic neurological hypersensitivity and resultant pathogenic arousal. The resultant stress-related diseases are, therefore, viewed as "disorders of arousal." From the reformulation offered herein emerges a neurologically-based rationale for the clinical use of the "relaxation response" in the treatment of stress-related diseases.

Arousal↗
PubMed1988

Psychological factors in preterm labor: critical review and theoretical synthesis.

Cumulative or chronic environmental stress and high scores on psychopathology scales have been consistently linked to preterm labor. In the laboratory, psychological stimuli have also been shown to affect uterine activity. Clinical studies suggest that interventions which reduce tension and anxiety can prevent or inhibit preterm labor. A model is proposed that links preterm labor to a disorder of arousal manifested physiologically as a hyperreactivity of the limbic circuitry and its efferent components. Autonomic hyperreactivity has been found repeatedly in women who experience preterm labor. This central hyperreactivity could unleash a cascade of psychophysiological reactions that could cause uterine excitation and facilitate preterm labor.

Arousal↗
PubMed1988

Problems in the evaluation of occupational health promotion programs: a case analysis.

This study investigates, in a case study setting, whether participation in the Kimberly-Clark Corporation Health and Weight Loss Program can be associated with reduced participant health care claims. A pretest, post-test comparison group research design is utilized to ascertain whether there have been any measurable health care cost savings for participants versus their non-participating matched employee counterparts. The significance of any measured differences is then tested through analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. In addition, results are reported from tests designed to assess whether any specific employee subpopulations appeared to differentially benefit from program participants in terms of reduced health care cost incurrence. Finally, tests are run to provide further assurance that those potential test subjects who were excluded from the final sample did not systematically differ from the final sample subjects. This paper also illustrates, with references to the present study, the difficulties of adapting behavioral and social science research techniques to actual occupational health promotion settings.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1977

Self-image.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Nursing, Supervisory↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychotraumatology: a two-factor formulation of posttraumatic stress.

Other than the "sudden death" phenomenon, posttraumatic stress represents the most severe and incapacitating form of human stress (Everly, 1989). Posttraumatic stress is directly associated with three DSM-III-R, Axis I disorders: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Multiple Personality Disorder, and Brief Reactive Psychosis (APA, 1987). It is similarly associated with the Axis II personality disorder Borderline Personality Disorder (Herman and van der Kolk, 1987). Posttraumatic stress may be indirectly related to various forms of mood disorders, substance abuse syndromes, and phobic disorders. Regarding the prevalence of posttraumatic stress, Helzer et al. (1987) found the lifetime prevalence of PTSD at around 1% in the general population. Breslau et al. (1991) found the prevalence of PTSD to be 9% in a cohort of young adults in an urban setting. They further found a prevalence of 24% in young adults who had been exposed to traumatic events. Norman and Getek (1988) have estimated that nearly one-half of all patients admitted to urban trauma centers are likely to suffer from PTSD in addition to their physical traumatization, while another 31% may suffer from a milder variant of posttraumatic stress. These data argue compellingly for the potential severity of the threat that posttraumatic stress poses to society. Yet, no one clear-cut therapy for posttraumatic stress has emerged, nor has a generally agreed-upon phenomenology emerged upon which to base such a therapy. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive formulation of posttraumatic stress based upon an integration of biological and psychological evidence.

Arousal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived dimensions of job satisfaction for staff registered nurses.

To measure the importance of dimensions of job satisfaction 144 females registered staff nurses in four East Coast metropolitan hospitals were given an 18-item Likert-type instrument. Results indicated that the traditional intrinsic/extrinsic dichotomy, which exists in elements of job satisfaction, did not apply. The nurses perceived their job satisfaction in a more complex fashion, in that four statistically independent dimensions emerged with "relationship orientations" accounting for almost 24 percent of the total variance. The study implies that previous considerations in job satisfaction for the professional may need to be reexamined in terms beyond the traditional in trinsic/extrinsic dichotomy.

Factor Analysis, Statistical↗