Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Rutishauser

Publications and source records attributed to G Rutishauser.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) in combination to prostatic acid phosphatase measured by RIA in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer.

Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-BB) measured by mass was used to determine its value in the early diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Sera of patients with prostatic carcinoma of various stages (treated and untreated) were compared to normal male sera and sera of patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate (BPH) with respect to CK-BB. The sera were simultaneously tested for PAP content. The sensitivity of the CK-BB-RIA was 1.63 +/- 0.08 microgram/1 and reproducibility in the higher and lower concentration range 7.6% and 10.5%, respectively. CK-BB alone or in combination with PAP is no marker for early detection of prostatic cancer. In individual cases changes occurred similar to those found with a malignant growth of the prostate.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of prostatic acid phosphatase in serum and bone marrow: radioimmunoassay and enzymic measurement compared.

We quantitated the concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) in serum and bone-marrow aspirates with three commercial radioimmunoassay kits, and the catalytic activities with a thymolphthalein monophosphate-based enzyme test. The enzyme's immunological activity in serum was compared with its catalytic activity for its potential as a detector of early prostatic cancer and its performance as an early marker of metastatic activity in bone. Neither measurement is useful for detecting early stages of prostatic cancer. The spread of carcinoma to lymph nodes or to bone is detected with greater frequency by radioimmunoassay than by the enzymic test. Radioimmunoassay also detected metastasis to the bone more frequently than did physical methods. Analytical and clinical performance of the four methods is described.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in angiolipoleiomyoma].

6 cases of angiolipoleiomyoma of the kidney operated in the last 10 years are discussed. New diagnostic possibilities and also, the problems of providing an accurate preoperative diagnosis are mentioned. Usually therapeutic steps depend on whether the tumor ist presenting in combination with tuberous sclerosis or wether it is isolated. Radical surgery is more frequent and justifiable when the tumor is isolated, than in patients with tuberous sclerosis, where the therapy should be more conservative.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Localization of exogenous 14C-oxalate in rats determined by whole-body- and microautoradiography.

A single dose of 14C-oxalate was given to Wistar rats using a throat probe. The animals were sacrificed and the oxalate distribution was determined using whole-body-autoradiography. The results showed that a large portion of the absorbed oxalate had reached the bladder 30 min after administration. It is possible that this rapid renal excretion could lead to a short-term oxalate peak in the urine. The oxalate also showed a great affinity for bone. This suggests that there is a deep compartment for oxalate in bone. At the light microscopic level, the localization of 14C-oxalate in bone and in the gastric wall was demonstrated using microautoradiography. This appears to show that there is gastric excretion of absorbed oxalate. Further pharmacokinetic investigations are necessary to confirm this conclusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Urinary oxalate excretion after large intakes of ascorbic acid in man.

The influence of high dose intake of ascorbic acid on the urinary excretion of oxalate was investigated in five healthy male volunteers. Oxalate was measured by a newly developed specific method using isotachophoresis. With intakes of 10 g ascorbic acid (5 X 2 g daily for 5 days; four subjects) mean urinary oxalate excretion was enhanced from about 50 mg to 87 mg (range 60 to 126 mg) per day. At least 25% of the ascorbic acid was absorbed and excreted with the urine. On discontinuing ascorbic acid administration, oxalate excretion returned to baseline values within 24 h. The time-course of oxalate excretion revealed that following the 3rd dose of 2 g ascorbic acid a plateau in urinary oxalate excretion was reached (0.6 microgram ml-1 min-1) which was not exceeded despite additional 2-g doses of ascorbic acid. On termination of ascorbic acid administration the oxalate excretion rate remained at this level for a further 6 h and then decreased to prestudy rates. No effect of high-dose ascorbic acid ingestion was found on the daily urinary excretion of creatinine, uric acid, and inorganic phosphate. Calcium excretion was slightly reduced. In comparison to the large amounts of ascorbic acid ingested, the increase in urinary oxalate excretion as measured by isotachophoresis in these healthy male volunteers was very low, and is thus similar to the change in urinary content of oxalate which results from consuming normal diets.

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1981

[Test of efficacy of an oxalate-binding anion exchanger Colestid in healthy subjects for use in idiopathic calcium-oxalate urolithiasis].

Sodium oxalate (402 mg) was administered in a single dose to 10 healthy volunteers receiving a controlled diet. Half the group received 3 times 10 g Colestid and the other half 4 times 2 g Andursil. On the 5th day the oxalate load was repeated. Urine was collected within 32 hours following oxalate application in 8 fractions. In each fraction the levels of oxalate, calcium, phosphate and uric acid were determined. The amount of oxalate, phosphate and uric acid measured in the group receiving Colestid was lower in all fractions. Peak excretions of oxalate found in unmedicated volunteers were suppressed following oxalate load. In the group receiving Andursil, only the excretion of phosphate was decreased. The results presented suggest that Colestid may be promising in the prevention of calcium-oxalate-urolithiasis.

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed1981

[Modification of urinary pH through ascorbic acid].

The influence of orally administered ascorbic acid on the urinary pH of 10 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with infected urine was investigated. During a four-day period of investigation urinary pH and the concentration of ascorbic acid in the respective urines were measured five times a day. On the second and third day three times a dose of 2 g ascorbic acid was given, while the diet was under control all four days. A correlation between pH decrease and ascorbic acid concentration is only observed if the concentration of the latter is higher than 200 mg%. The mean decrease in urinary pH between days with ascorbic acid supply and days without is -0,16 pH units for the volunteers respectively -0,18 pH units for the patients. Therefore, vitamin C can not be recommended to lower the pH of alkaline urines.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

[Current assessment of radioimmunological determination (RIA) of prostate acid phosphatase in the diagnosis of prostatic cancer].

Sera of patients without any tumors of the prostate and sera of patients with benign and malignant tumors of the prostate were tested with the enzyme assay using thymolphthalein monophosphate as substrate. The results were compared with the RIA of Clinical Assay (Travenol) and found to yield an approximately 50% better recognition of malignant growth. However, false-positive rates were rather high (approximately 20%), which lowers the overall success rate to approximately 30%.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

[Phenacetin abuse IV. Are cytological urine studies successful and usable in the prevention of tumors in phenacetin abusers?].

971 samples of urine and washes of the urinary bladder in 643 patients were investigated cytologically. Urothelial carcinoma was present in 27 patients. In 11 cases the carcinoma was diagnosed by urinary cytology; 7 of the carcinomas were localized in the urinary bladder, 3 in the renal pelvis and 1 in the ureter. By contrast, all 19 tumors diagnosed in washes were localized in the urinary bladder. Diagnostic sensitivity was 100% in urine and about 75% in bladder washes. In 5 other patients cytologic diagnosis of carcinoma could not be confirmed by histology. In 4 of these, urothelial papillomas were present and in 1 patient a carcinoma of the bladder had been resected previously. Thus, the diagnostic accuracy of urinary cytology is good if essential methodological prerequisites are fulfilled. Therefore, urinary cytology appears to be an appropriate method for screening programmes in high risk patients such as phenacetin abusers. The estimated costs of a screening programme in Basel are 50 000-150 000 Swiss francs. However, a preliminary study to verify the value of such a screening programme is suggested.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Phanacetin abuse III. Malignant urinary tract tumors in phenacetin abuse in Basle 1963-1977].

In 442 inhabitants of Basel 451 malignant tumors of the lower urinary tract were found at autopsy or biopsy from 1963 to 1977. 69/442 patients were abusers of phenacetin containing analgesics. Carcinomas and sarcomas of the lower urinary tract were nearly 13 times as frequent in abusers as in non-abusers. Carcinomas of the renal pelvis were 77 times, carcinomas of the ureter 89 times and those of the urinary bladder 7 times as frequent among abusers. The differences in incidence of malignant tumors are statistically highly significant for all localizations and for multiple carcinomas as well, even if smokers are excluded. "Phenacetin tumors" occurred in younger patients and were more common in women than in non-abusers. They were ofen, though not always, accompanied by analgesic nephropathy. Comparison with other etiological factors such as aromatic amines or thorotrast demonstrated that phenacetin abuse is of greatest importance. The significance of smoking cannot be established unequivocally. Because of the occurrence of a large number of malignant tumors in phenacetin abusers it is very important to prohibit by legislation the use of phenacetin or paracetamol containing analgesics without medical prescription. In addition, these drugs should be replaced by other analgesic compounds.

Female↗
PubMed1980

Analytical isotachophoresis: a rapid and sensitive method for determination of urinary oxalate.

A variety of procedures have been described in the literature for quantitative determination of urinary oxalate concentrations. However, a rapid and sufficiently simple technique for routine determinations is lacking. This study presents an isotachophoretic technique for measurement of urinary oxalate. Complete separation of the oxalate anion from accompanying ions is achieved in a PTFE-capillary between two electrodes according to differences in the net mobility. Short analysis time, little pretreatment of the urine samples, and extremely high resolving power and accuracy are the significant advantages of this newly developed method. This new technique was shown to be of significant value in studying the role of oxalate in urinary stone disease.

Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1980

Anatomical distribution of exogenous 14C-oxalate in the rat by macroautoradiography.

A single dose of 14C-oxalate was given to a group of laboratory rats using a gastric tube. The animals were then killed at intervals of 1/2, 2, 5, 24 and 72 h following oxalate administration and the oxalate distribution was determined using the technique of macroautoradiography. The results showed that a large proportion of the absorbed oxalate was already excreted in the bladder 30 min after administration. The non-absorbed oxalate was found eliminated with the faeces after 24 h. At the same time, 14C-oxalate was demonstrated in the bones; whereas 72 h later no radioactivity could be found anymore. It is conceivable, therefore, that the rapid renal excretion of exogenous oxalate may lead to a short-term oxalate peak in the urine. More importantly, the occurrence of such a urinary oxalate peak could in turn be responsible for crystalluria and stone formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Prognostic significance of peritumoural inflammation in invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma.

Peritumoural inflammation consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and lymph follicles is present in two thirds of invasive urothelial bladder carcinomas. This type of inflammation is significantly rarer in advanced tumour stages (P3, P/) and its presence is a favourable prognostic factor. The mean survival time in patients with this type of inflammation is 26.1 months compared to only 14.8 months in patients without. All other forms of inflammation e. g. eosinophilic or polymorphonuclear leukocytes have no relation with prognosis. The significant prognostic value of lympho-plasmocytic inflammation may be considered as local expression of immunological host resistance.

Aged↗