[Transcortical anchorage of subperiosteal splints: biomechanics and case report].
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
G Russo
Publications and source records attributed to G Russo.
Diagnosis of left atrial thrombi in mitral valve disease by coronary arteriography.
Arteriographic findings of neovascularity and fistula formation between coronary arteries and left atrium have occasionally been described in association with left atrial thrombosis in patients with mitral valve disease. The validity of these coronary arteriographic findings in diagnosis of atrial thrombi has been evaluated in 112 patients with mitral valve disease. Comparison was made with surgery. The study furnished these diagnostic values: sensitivity 70%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 72%. Even if this angiographic finding is complementary in diagnosis of atrial thrombosis, its identification during coronary arteriography in patients with mitral valve disease is useful. Its detection could improve diagnostic prediction of thrombosis, especially in patients without previous embolic events or where echocardiography failed to reveal thrombi.
Angiography↗
Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a novel form of granzyme B from human NK cells and mapping to chromosome 14.
We have isolated cDNA clones from a human NK cell cDNA library that encode the serine protease granzyme B. Although the sequence of the entire coding region for the mature protein and the 3' untranslated region of the clone are identical to other cDNA isolates of this gene obtained from human T cell cDNA libraries, the 5' end of two clones is 103 bp longer than the previously described sequences and would encode a protein with a 54-amino-acid-long signal sequence. Experiments characterizing granzyme B mRNA suggest that transcripts that initiate at or before the 5' end of these clones comprise a detectable but infrequent class of granzyme B transcripts in NK and T cells. We have mapped this gene to human chromosome 14 in the region 14q11----14q32, distal to the T cell receptor alpha locus and proximal to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. The chromosomal location of this gene, together with the previously described high sequence homology between this gene and the mouse CTLA 1/ccp1 gene, make it likely that this is the human equivalent of the mouse CTLA1/ccp1.
Animals↗
Intracellular recordings from "recurrent neurons" in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
Intracellular recordings in the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat showed that electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk elicited in a cluster of neurons localized in the caudal part of the ganglion synaptically driven action potentials, and propagated potentials having the features of typical antidromic spikes. The results demonstrate that these neurons, besides synapsing with common preganglionic fibres, project their axons to the cervical sympathetic trunk. The recurrent neurons showed a very low threshold to direct intracellular stimulation and a high input resistance, suggesting that they have a small size. Almost all recurrent neurons were activated synaptically also by stimulating the postganglionic trunks, indicating that they are innervated by collaterals of preganglionic through-fibres which are known to sustain a direct pathway between pre- and postganglionic nerves. Moreover, some recurrent neurons could also be activated antidromically following stimulation of the external carotid nerve, indicating that their axons divide into collaterals which project not only to the preganglionic trunk but also to a postganglionic nerve. The presence of recurrent neurons in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat provides further evidence for the concept that sympathetic ganglia consist of discrete cell subpopulations which are segregated in different regions and probably subserve different functions.
Action Potentials↗
Pre- and postsynaptic excitatory action of glutamate agonists on frog vestibular receptors.
In order to investigate the localization and the type(s) of excitatory amino acid receptors in the frog vestibular system, the exogenous amino acid agonists Quisqualic acid, Kainic acid and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid were tested on the sensory organ of semicircular canals. Intracellular recordings of the resting discharge from single afferents showed that these agonists exerted a complex excitatory action consisting in a rapid and brief increase in frequency of both EPSPs and spikes, followed by a slower and longer lasting membrane depolarization. The progressive impairment of natural transmitter release achieved by adding Mg2+ or Co2+ in the bath caused a dose-dependent decrease of the agonist-induced afferent discharge, without substantially affecting axonal depolarization. These results suggest that the exogenous amino acid agonists act both pre- and postsynaptically on the vestibular organs. Quisqualic acid and kainic acid were much more potent than N-methyl-D-aspartic acid in inducing excitatory effects, suggesting that the amino acid receptors located on both hair cells and afferent endings are mainly of the non-NMDA type. The present findings, while not excluding that an excitatory amino acid may be the afferent transmitter, highlight its possible function as a presynaptic modulator of the afferent transmission in the frog vestibular system.
Afferent Pathways↗
Baseline and post-atrial pacing release of atrial natriuretic factor in mitral stenosis.
To investigate the release of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in mitral stenosis and the influence of the increase on the frequency of atrial contraction or atrial distention on ANF secretion, we studied 10 patients with symptoms of congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association classes II and III) in sinus rhythm, who were undergoing cardiac catheterization as part of an evaluation workup for mitral stenosis. Echocardiographic tracings, repeat determinations of mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (MPAWP) and mean right atrial pressure, and blood sampling from the pulmonary artery for measurements of ANF were performed at baseline, during atrial pacing (pacing rate of 125 beats/min for 5 minutes), and 5 minutes after the pacing protocol was completed. Baseline ANF levels were closely related to right atrial pressure (r = 0.89; p less than 0.001) and increased markedly after atrial pacing from 205.6 +/- 39.8 (SEM) to 343.9 +/- 57.9 (SEM) pg/ml. A similar pacing-induced increase was shown for MPAWP and left atrial size. Our data indicate that pacing-induced increases in atrial distention and intracavitary pressure further stimulate release of ANF. However, an independent effect of frequency of atrial pacing on plasma ANF in humans could not be identified.
Adult↗
In-vitro activity of ampicillin/sulbactam and other antibiotics against clinical isolates of Haemophilus sp. and Branhamella catarrhalis.
The ampicillin/sulbactam combination is one of several such drug combinations of a beta-lactam and suicide inhibitor having a wide spectrum of activity. These characteristics induced us to evaluate the in vitro activity of this combination towards 54 strains of Haemophilus sp. (38 beta-lactamase producers) and 20 strains of Branhamella catarrhalis (16 beta-lactamase producers). All strains were isolated from sputum, sinusal aspiration and tympanocentesis. In the case of Haemophilus sp beta-lactamase producers, minimal inhibitory concentrations of ampicillin were reduced 8 times by the use of the inhibitor; good results were also obtained for B. catarrhalis. Haemophilus influenzae, B. catarrhalis together with Streptococcus pneumoniae are recognized as the major pathogens involved in upper respiratory tract infections. The increasing frequency of beta-lactamase producing strains has impaired the use of aminopenicillins. The combination of an inhibitor and beta-lactam restore the activity of the latter, suggesting that this combination can serve as first choice in therapy.
Ampicillin↗
Echocardiographic detection of aortic valve ring abscesses.
Valve ring abscess complication of infective endocarditis increases the expected morbidity and mortality rates of patients, but is seldom recognized by available noninvasive techniques. In our study, two-dimensional echocardiography successfully detected valve ring abscesses in eight patients with infective endocarditis affecting aortic valve prosthesis. Echocardiography showed the perivalvular abscess as an echo-free space in all patients. Prosthetic vegetations were seen in the only patient who had a biological prosthesis and excessive prosthetic rocking was observed in cases with severe aortic regurgitation. In two patients, the first echocardiographic examination showed an echo-free space without evident clinical signs of endocarditis or significant valve regurgitation. Severe aortic insufficiency and congestive heart failure followed the enlargement of the echo-free space. Valve replacement was required in all but one patient. The echocardiographic findings were confirmed at surgery. In one patient, the extension of the abscess to the interventricular septum was not detected by the echocardiography.
Abscess↗
[Value of coronary angiography in the diagnosis of left atrial thrombosis in mitral valve disease].
Arteriographic findings of neovascularity and fistula formation between coronary arteries and left atrium have occasionally been described in association with left atrial thrombosis in patients with mitral valve disease. The validity of these coronary arteriographic findings in diagnosis of atrial thrombi has been evaluated in 164 patients with mitral valve disease. Comparison was made with surgery. The study provided these diagnostic values: sensitivity 65%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 72%. Even if this angiographic finding is complementary in diagnosis of atrial thrombosis, its identification during coronary arteriography in patients with mitral valve disease is useful. Its detection could improve diagnostic prediction of thrombosis especially in patients without previous embolic events or where echocardiography failed to show thrombi.
Angiography↗
[Multiple coronary-pulmonary fistulas: description of a case].
An uncommon case of multiple coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistulas, associated with a mitral valve disease, is reported. The coronary fistulas presence was suspected on the ground of Doppler-echocardiography and the diagnosis was subsequently defined by coronary angiography. The utility of Doppler-echocardiography in the differential diagnosis from patent ductus arteriosus is discussed.
Angiography↗
[Long-term effects of indobufen on several parameters of blood platelet function in subjects at thrombotic risk].
Indobufen (200 mg b.i.d., by os, for 21 days) was gave to 16 patients with atherothrombotic risk in which platelet function was valued. In this subjects, indobufen significatively reduced platelet aggregation, beta-thromboglobulin, platelet factor the 4th and alpha-platelet granules' intake. No side effects were found.
Aged↗
[Prevalence and associated factors of cholelithiasis].
The most recent data on the epidemiology of biliary calculosis have been examined in order to assess the true prevalence of this pathology. In addition, studies concerning factors favorable to the development of gallstones have been reviewed critically in order to identify the clinically most significant ones.
Cholelithiasis↗
Human TCR-gamma+/delta+, CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize tetanus toxoid in an MHC-restricted fashion.
We have analyzed the ability of human gamma+/delta+ T cells to recognize a nominal antigen in association with MHC molecules. A TT-specific T cell line with approximately 40% gamma+/delta+ T cells was established from a hyperimmunized donor, D.F., by stimulation with antigen and autologous APC. Three DF-derived gamma+/delta+ clones were CD8+ as determined by immunofluorescence staining, and by Southern and Northern blotting with probes detecting delta chain rearrangement and delta and gamma chain transcripts, respectively. The gamma+/delta+ clones responded to stimulation with TT, but not TNP-BSA, and autologous APC by proliferation and IFN-gamma production. No proliferation or IFN-gamma production was detected when TT-specific T cell clones were stimulated with either TT or autologous APC only. The response to TT was enhanced by addition of exogenous IL-2. The use of allogeneic APC from 19 donors sharing one HLA-determinant with the autologous donor D.F., showed that the gamma+/delta+ T cells responded to TT with HLA-DR4-related restriction as measured by proliferation and IFN-gamma production. These results demonstrate that gamma/delta receptors can recognize non-MHC-encoded foreign antigen in a self-MHC-restricted fashion.
Antigen-Presenting Cells↗
Cardiac hydatid cyst with clinical features resembling subaortic stenosis.
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Aortic Stenosis, Subvalvular↗
Differential hypomethylation of the c-myc protooncogene in bladder cancers at different stages and grades.
The 5-methylcytosine content of c-myc proto-oncogene DNA obtained from samples of normal bladders and of bladders with transitional cell carcinoma of different stage and grade was analyzed. Five CCGG sites (from the third coding region to the 3' flanking region of the gene) which showed different methylation in normal and neoplastic samples were identified. The overall c-myc methylation levels were significantly reduced in carcinomas. Furthermore, a significant correlation between disease invasiveness and methylation level was found. Nevertheless, in each group of patients with the same histological grade, heterogeneity has been observed. This might be suggestive of different prognosis of the disease.
5-Methylcytosine↗
Molecular genetics of lymphoid tumorigenesis.
The body of this work illustrates the utility of the combined cytogenetic and molecular approach to lymphoid tumorigenesis. A number of tumor-specific translocations have proven amenable to dissection by molecular techniques. We have a firm grasp of the general principles that underlie lymphoid neoplasia; in particular, the activation of cellular oncogenes by translocation into genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily is a widespread phenomenon. However, numerous lymphopoietic malignancies are only poorly understood. These remain a challenge for the continued application of these methodologies.
Base Sequence↗
Molecular analysis of a t(14;14) translocation in leukemic T-cells of an ataxia telangiectasia patient.
We have detected and cloned two rearrangements in the T-cell receptor alpha locus from a clone of somatic cell hybrids carrying a t(14;14)(q11;q32) chromosomal translocation derived from an ataxia telangiectasia patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The T-cell clone carrying the t(14;14) chromosomal translocation was known to be present for greater than 10 years before the onset of overt leukemia. One molecular rearrangement of the T-cell receptor alpha locus corresponded to a functional variable-joining region (V-J) joining, whereas the other derived from the breakpoint of the t(14;14)(q11;q32) translocation. Chromosomal in situ hybridization of the probe derived from the t(14;14) breakpoint localized the breakpoint region to 14q32.1, apparently the same region that is involved in another ataxia telangiectasia characteristic chromosome translocation, t(7;14)(q35;q32). The 14q32.1 breakpoint is at least 10,000 kilobase pairs (kbp) centromeric to the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Sequence analysis of the breakpoint indicates the involvement of a J alpha sequence during the translocation. Comigration of high-molecular weight DNA fragments involved with t(7;14) and t(14;14) translocations suggests the presence of a cluster of breakpoints in the 14q32.1 region, the site of a putative oncogene, TCL1.
Alleles↗
Molecular resemblance of an AIDS-associated lymphoma and endemic Burkitt lymphomas: implications for their pathogenesis.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common feature of AIDS. Approximately 30-40% of these tumors exhibit clinical features suggestive of endemic Burkitt lymphoma: they are aggressive malignancies that occur in association with Epstein-Barr virus infection, they arise in the setting of immunosuppression, and they carry t(8;14) translocations without detectable rearrangement of the MYC oncogene. To understand the molecular basis of these parallels, we analyzed a case of Epstein-Barr-positive AIDS-associated undifferentiated lymphoma. Southern blots show that the tumor exhibits immunoglobulin joining segment rearrangement but no rearrangement of the MYC oncogene. Cloning of the rearranged joining segment allowed the isolation of recombinant clones encompassing the translocation breakpoint, and sequencing of the translocation junction disclosed that the breakpoint is situated 7 base pairs from the chromosome 14 site involved in a previously described endemic Burkitt lymphoma translocation. Furthermore, the breakpoint is situated far from MYC on chromosome 8, a constant finding in endemic Burkitt lymphomas. That the molecular architecture of the translocation in this case is strikingly similar to previously analyzed translocations from endemic Burkitt lymphomas strongly suggests that common molecular mechanisms must be operative in the pathogenesis of these tumors.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗