Oilseed rape not a potent antigen.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
G Russell
Publications and source records attributed to G Russell.
End-cap for the biomechanical testing of spinal segments.
Precise mechanical loading is essential in the in vitro evaluation of spinal fixation instrumentation, but the control of experimental variables is difficult because of variations in specimen morphology, size and end conditions, and gross specimen flexibility. This paper describes an end-cap which is simple in design, time efficient in its attachment to the spine and which provides precise positioning and rigid control of the end fixation points, resulting in excellent experimental control. It is easily adapted to human or animal specimens and provides a reliable load application unit, which permits specific physiological end conditions to be applied.
Animals↗
Atrioventricular septal defect with intact septal structures in a 74-year-old.
We report the incidental finding at post mortem of deficient atrioventricular septation in the heart of a 74-year-old woman. A review of her clinical history showed little indication of this lesion. The heart had intact septal structures but exhibited other features pathognomonic of atrioventricular septal defect.
Aged↗
Characterization of granulocyte chemotactic activity from human cytokine-stimulated chondrocytes as interleukin 8.
Human articular chondrocytes, when stimulated with interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or with the double stranded RNA poly (rI).poly (rC), produce a chemotactic activity for granulocytes. The induction with IL 1 beta could be abolished by an antibody to IL 1 beta but not by an antibody to interleukin 6 (IL 6), indicating that the latter is not a mediator for the production of chemotactic activity. The inducers had no direct chemotactic effect on granulocytes. The granulocyte chemotactic factor from chondrocytes was characterized with a specific antibody against leukocyte-derived interleukin 8 (IL 8). The specificity of this antibody was demonstrated by immunochemical and biological criteria such that it could immunoprecipitate only the 6-7 kDa IL 8 protein from fibroblasts, and that it did not neutralize a structurally related monocyte chemotactic protein. This antibody against IL 8 completely neutralized the granulocyte chemotactic activity from stimulated chondrocytes. This demonstrates the identity of chondrocyte IL 8 with leukocyte- and fibroblast-derived IL 8. Our data show that leukocyte chemotaxis into the inflamed joint can be mediated by IL 8, induced in both synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes by the inflammatory cytokines IL 1 and TNF-alpha.
Cartilage↗
The role of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in end-stage renal failure due to multiple myeloma.
A study in 10 patients (eight male, two female; mean age 61.9 +/- 10.7 years) suffering from multiple myeloma (MM) and end-stage renal failure (ESRF) is detailed. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was the preferred mode of chronic dialysis in all the patients. Survival after diagnosis was 32.2 +/- 23.9 months. Survival after starting dialysis was 24.6 +/- 20.6 months. All patients on CAPD were adequately dialyzed and in good fluid control. Peritonitis was the main problem on CAPD (one episode per 5.6 patient-months). The majority of peritonitis episodes responded to intraperitoneal antibiotic therapy. One patient with Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis, septicemia, and neutropenia secondary to chemotherapy, died. Recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of peritonitis are given. Three patients were transferred to hemodialysis. The use of subclavian vein catheters during hemodialysis was associated with a high incidence of gram-positive septicemia. Alkylating agent-based chemotherapy resulted in hematological responses in five patients. Survival after diagnosis in those responders was 47.4 +/- 25.6 months, compared with 17.0 +/- 7.2 months in the nonresponders (P less than 0.05). All responders subsequently relapsed. Four patients died with progressive myeloma. Bone marrow suppression resulted in a high blood transfusion requirement, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia associated with bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. Uremic myeloma patients can be adequately dialyzed using CAPD. Those patients who do not have an initial hematological response have a poor prognosis.
Adult↗
The Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital: 'hospital of the year 1989'.
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Child↗
Production of tumor necrosis factor by human osteoblasts is modulated by other cytokines, but not by osteotropic hormones.
Human osteoblast cultures derived as out-growths from trabecular bone released tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) upon stimulation of the cells with human recombinant interleukin 1 (IL1; 10(-13)-10(-11) M), human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (100-1000 U/ml), and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (5-500 ng/ml). The osteotropic hormones 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, PTH, and calcitonin had no effect on TNF production. The TNF released by the osteoblasts was identified as TNF alpha, using a specific anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody to neutralize its activity. Immunohistochemical staining of the cells using the same antibody revealed that all of the cells in the cultures were capable of producing TNF alpha, including those that also expressed alkaline phosphatase activity. Immunoreactive protein could be detected in the perinuclear region when cells were cultured in the presence of monensin, suggesting accumulation of newly synthesised protein in the Golgi apparatus. These results suggest that human osteoblasts, which have been shown previously to respond to TNF alpha, can synthesize and release TNF in response to IL1 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. TNF may, therefore, not only have a pathological role in conditions of chronic inflammation, but also may act as a local paracrine or autocrine regulator of osteoblast function.
Calcitonin↗
The effect of thiazide therapy on glucose, insulin and cholesterol metabolism and of glucose on potassium: results of a cross-sectional study in patients from the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program.
Fasting and one hour post-glucose load blood samples were obtained from 497 participants in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (HDFP), 79.8% of whom were on antihypertensive therapy at the time of their five-year examination. Major findings include a positive correlation between glucose/insulin ratio and serum potassium (P = 0.0014) and a weaker negative correlation between fasting insulin and serum potassium (P = 0.004). These data are compatible with a primary effect of hypokalaemia producing insulin 'resistance'. In addition, the glucose load was followed by a mean reduction in serum potassium of 0.135 +/- 0.525 meq/l (P less than 0.001). Twenty percent of participants experienced a drop of more than 0.5 meq/l. Cholesterol was associated with the fasting glucose/insulin ratio (P less than 0.032). The results are compatible with the hypothesis that prevention of hypokalaemia may prevent certain metabolic effects attributed to thiazide.
Adult↗
Psychobiological effects of gastric restriction surgery for morbid obesity.
A sample of 36 patients who had undergone gastric reduction surgery for severe obesity was seen postoperatively and psychobiological changes assessed. Subjects reported substantial weight losses with reduced food intake and normalisation of eating habits. In the majority of patients positive changes had occurred in attitudes and improvements were found in mood, social and sexual functioning. Low rates of psychological disturbance were reported.
Adaptation, Psychological↗
Hospice programs and the hospice movement: an investigation based on general systems theory.
This study used General Systems Theory as the framework for examining hospice programs and the hospice movement. Data drawn from program administrators and archival sources were used to test the thesis that two broad types of hospice programs exist in the United States. Results indicate that independent programs tend to be characterized by processes that amplify change in the extant medical delivery system--that is, deviation amplification. Hospices associated with preexisting institutions tend to be characterized by processes that counteract change, thus maintaining the status quo--that is, deviation counteracting processes.
Data Collection↗
Determinants of voluntary HMO disenrollment: an examination of consumer behavior.
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Community Participation↗
Bone banking in Canada: a review.
Transplantation of human tissues has become increasingly popular, and associated with this increase are reports of the transmission of diseases including acquired immune deficiency syndrome. To reduce the risk of transmitting disease through transplantation, careful scrutiny of current tissue transplantation procedures is necessary. Bone banking in Canada was evaluated by questionnaire, sent to the head operating room nurse of every Canadian hospital listed in the 1986 Canadian Medical Directory as having 100 or more beds. From this questionnaire, the authors identified 60 bone banks in Canada, many of which failed to meet recommended guidelines. The authors review the literature relating to bone banking procedures and present in detail the results of their survey.
Adolescent↗
The influence of maternal glucose metabolism on fetal growth, development and morbidity in 917 singleton pregnancies in nondiabetic women.
To study the effects on the fetus of variations in maternal glucose tolerance, a 25 g rapid intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed at or about 32 weeks gestation in 917 randomly selected nondiabetic women with singleton pregnancies. The results were withheld from the patients and their obstetricians and paediatricians, and no treatment or advice was offered. Fasting plasma glucose and indices of glucose disposal (including a new index which we have termed "summed glucose") were distributed unimodally, with no evidence of a separate pathological group towards the diabetic end of the distributions. Significant associations were found between maternal glucose metabolism and various measures of neonatal nutrition and morbidity, including the incidence of congenital malformations and morbidity related to asphyxia, suggesting that variations within the normal range in maternal glucose metabolism can influence growth and development in the fetus. These relationships were continuous throughout the range of maternal glucose tolerance and were not of predictive value in individual cases.
Birth Weight↗
Structure and ideology of shelters for battered women.
Recent literature concerning battered women's shelters includes untested suggestions that shelters can be categorized by their ideological differences and that their ideologies predict their organizational structures. However, widely accepted principles of organizational theory predict that older shelters would have a different structure than newer shelters. Some of the presumed consequences of organizational age conflict with the structural characteristics presumably demanded by certain shelter ideologies. In the present study both ideology and organizational age were studied as predictors of shelter organization's structure. A nationwide survey of 111 shelters provided the data. Feminist versus other ideologies were associated with a distinctive pattern of priorities for the shelters. However, organizational age was found to be more important than ideology in predicting structural variables.
Community Mental Health Services↗
Coronary venous aneurysms and accessory atrioventricular connections.
Histological investigation of a heart with aneurysmal malformation of the anterior cardiac vein showed atypical accessory atrioventricular pathways that could have been the basis for bypass tracts and ventricular pre-excitation. Review of other cases with coronary sinus or venous aneurysms showed a striking association with sudden death. Such malformations may not be as benign as previously thought.
Coronary Aneurysm↗
How readily do children with asthma have access to their treatment?
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Asthma↗