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Biomedical subjects

G Russ

Publications and source records attributed to G Russ.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Antigenic glycopolypeptides HA1 and HA2 of influenza virus haemagglutinin. I. Gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride.

Highly purified glycopolypeptides HA1 and HA2 were separated from bromelain-released haemagglutinin of influenza virus A/Dunedin/4/73 (H3N2) by gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride under reducing conditions. The purity of both glycopolypeptides was proved by extensive studies. Despite the lack of C-terminal end, the isolated HA2 glycopolypeptide displayed some hydrophobic properties.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1978

Improved detection by immunodiffusion of type-specific influenza antibody in avian sera.

Various solvents and kinds of agar and agarose as well as various ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antigen preparations were tested in a search for optimal conditions for the detection of low levels of type-specific influenza antibody in avian sera by gel double diffusion. The best results were obtained with one kind of agarose in a solvent with lowered ionic strength (approx. 0.075 M). A hypertonic solvent usually gave worse or negative results, with the exception of one kind of agarose. In general, agarose yielded better results than agar. The results of immuno-precipitation were affected by the strain of influenza virus used for the preparation of RNP antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Antigenic glycopolypeptides HA1 and HA2 of influenza virus haemagglutinin. II. Reactivity with rabbit sera against intact virus and purified undissociated haemagglutinin.

Rabbit sera produced against either intact virus or purified undissociated haemagglutinin were examined for reactivity with highly purified haemagglutinin glycopolypeptides. Sensitive radioimmunoassay for 125I-labelled glycopolypeptides revealed antibody reactive with either glycopolypeptide HA1, or glycopolypeptide HA2. Antibodies against the carbohydrate moiety were responsible only for a part of the binding activity. Under the conditions employed, the binding activity for glycopolypeptide HA2 was much stronger than for glycopolypeptide HA1. Competition assays suggested that immune reactivities were due to distinct antibody populations (i.e. with a specifity for glycopolypeptide HA1 and glycopolypeptide HA2, respectively). The immune reactivity to both haemagglutinin constituents, glycopolypeptides HA1 and HA2, was also shown by gel double diffusion. The precipitin line(s) corresponding to glycopolypeptide HA1 was (were) usually more distinct than precipitin line(s) corresponding to glycopolypeptide HA2. The glycopolypeptides HA1 and HA2 showed the reaction of nonidentity in immunodiffusion analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of the effectiveness of receptor destroying enzyme preparations.

A procedure has been developed for testing receptor destroying enzyme (RDE) preparations used to remove nonspecific inhibitors before carrying out haemagglutination inhibition tests with influenza virus. Four criteria should be taken into account: (1) titre of RDE, usually used to indicate the activity of the preparation; (2) neuraminidase activity of the preparation, determined biochemically, which partially corresponds to the RDE titre; (3) direct demonstration of the complete removal of nonspecific inhibitors; and (4) determination that the RDE preparation does not affect specific antibody.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1976

A competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay for influenza virus envelope antigens.

A double-antibody competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay for influenza virus envelope antigens is described. A viral antigen preparation from influenza A virus recombinant MRC11 [antigenically identical to A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2)] consisting of haemagglutinin and neuraminidase was labelled with radioiodine. Rabbit antisera were allowed to react with the labelled antigen and the resultant antigen-antibody complexes were precipitated with the appropriate antiglobulin. The competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay was very sensitive in elucidation of differences even among closely related influenza virus strains. Attempts have been made to eliminate neuraminidase from radioimmunoprecipitation in order to obtain a competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassay system for haemagglutinin alone.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1976

Electrophoretic separation and characterization of subunits released from influenza virus by detergents.

Subunits released from influenza A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2) virus by either Triton-X-100 (T-X-100); or sodium lauryl sarcosinate (SLS) or ether were separated by electrophoresis in agarose suspension into a rapidly migrating fraction (I) and a slowly migrating fraction (II). Fraction I obtained after T-X-100 treatment contained the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) in a form indistinguishable from the obtained after ether treatment. SLS treatment of the virus resulted in a rapidly migrating fraction containing only the protein part of the viral RNP. Fraction II obtained after T-X-100 or SLS treatment contained both haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), mostly dissociated from each other, in contrast to fraction II obtained after ether treatment which contained mixed aggregates of HA and NA. The yields of electrophoretically isolated RNP and HA-NA were essentially the same irrespective of whether T-X-100 or ether was used for virus disruption. Treatment of virus by T-X-100 and subsequent removal of the latter resulted in a 10-20-fold increase of the HA activity. After sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) treatment of the virus, the NA activity was found in a heterogeneous fraction with surprisingly high migration rate towards the anode, indicating that NA remained active despite its extensive SDS binding.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1976

Use of cross-linking in studying the structure of RNA tumour viruses.

Treatment of intact avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) with dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride (DMS), a cross-linking agent specific for amino groups, was found to result in progressive cross-linking among viral proteins, as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Free viral proteins were not cross-linked. The cross-linked protein complex with an apparent molecular weight of 50,000 daltons was studied in detail.

Avian Leukosis Virus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI and cine MRI of asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine MR and cine MR characteristics of asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and to correlate MR and cine MR features with the severity of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [resting obstructive (n = 3), latent obstructive (n = 4), nonobstructive hypertrophic (n = 3)] and five healthy volunteers underwent MRI and cine MRI. Oblique two chamber and four chamber views were obtained in all cases. RESULTS: In the 10 patients, the mean +/- SD end-diastolic myocardial thickness was 22.7 +/- 6.3 mm in the basal septum and 13 +/- 3.9 mm in the posterolateral wall with a ratio of 1.76 +/- 0.30; the corresponding values were 10.6 +/- 1.1, 10.4 +/- 1.1, and 1.02 +/- 0.08 mm, respectively, in five healthy volunteers. The mean systolic thickening of the basal septum was 22 +/- 12%. This value was 49 +/- 4% in the five healthy volunteers. In resting obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, septal wall thickness was > or = 25 mm with a systolic thickening of 10%. A systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was demonstrated in four patients with resting subaortic pressure gradients ranging from 28 to 120 mm Hg. A signal void area was demonstrated within the left ventricular outflow tract during systole in the seven patients with obstructive cardiomyopathy. This signal void area reached its maximum during early systole in the most severe obstructions and during midsystole in the less severe obstructions. CONCLUSION: In patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, gross correlation was demonstrated between severity of obstruction and several MR and cine MR features including increased end-diastolic thickness of the septal wall, decreased systolic thickening of the septal wall, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, and signal void area within the left ventricular outflow tract during systole.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The transmission of donor-derived malignant melanoma to a renal allograft recipient.

The transmission to organ transplant recipients of donor origin malignancy in the allograft has been described. Here we report the transmission of malignant melanoma in a renal allograft transplanted from a multiorgan donor. The lung transplant recipient presented with an allograft lesion that was proven to be melanoma and of donor-origin based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR typing. One renal allograft recipient was undergoing his second deceased donor renal transplant, having lost his first graft from recurrent IgA nephropathy. He was unsensitized and immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisolone. He achieved stable graft function and there were no episodes of rejection. Four and a half months post-transplant a diagnosis of donor origin melanoma in the lung recipient was made and his immunosuppression was stopped. He presented with clinical rejection two wk later and a transplant nephrectomy was undertaken. Histology demonstrated vascular and cellular rejection and there was a 3-mm melanoma deposit with no evidence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Three years post-transplant he remained clinically well with no evidence of melanoma and received his third deceased donor renal transplant. This was complicated by cellular rejection in the first week treated with methylprednisolone and vascular rejection at day 10 treated with anti-thymocyte globulin. Three months post-transplant he has achieved good allograft function and remains well with no evidence clinically or on imaging of metastatic melanoma. The other renal allograft recipient was receiving his first deceased donor transplant, having end-stage renal failure of uncertain aetiology. His immunosuppression was not stopped until melanoma was proven in the renal allograft pair six months post-transplant and he then presented with clinical rejection six wk later. Transplant nephrectomy was undertaken and histology did not demonstrate melanoma, but severe vascular and cellular rejection was evident. At three-yr post-transplant he remains disease free clinically and on imaging. At present, the cardiac allograft recipient has no evidence of transmitted melanoma. The highest risk of transmission of donor origin melanoma appears to be from donors who are older and have died from an intracerebral haemorrhage. It is likely these donors have metastatic melanoma and their intracerebral haemorrhage is not primary but has occurred in an unrecognized metastatic cerebral deposit. While the occurrence of donor-transmitted malignancy is not common, the outcome is often fatal.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 2 among homosexual men either positive or negative for human immunodeficiency viruses in Slovakia.

We determined the prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2, HSV-2 antibodies) in sera of homosexual men either positive for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1, HIV+, a group of 27 sera) or negative for HIV-1 and HIV-2 (HIV-, a group of 52 sera) in Slovakia. Antibodies to HSV-2 glycoprotein G-2 (gG-2, gG-2 antibodies) were determined by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and immunoblot analysis. We found that 40% of HIV+ and 23% of HIV- homosexual men were positive for the gG-2 antibodies, what is 3.6 and 2.1 times higher incidence, respectively, than that in the control heterosexual population (Bystrická et al., Acta Virol. 42, 319-324, 1998). Identification of individuals infected with genital herpes among HIV+ and HIV- homosexual men should be succeeded by antiviral therapy in order to prevent transmission of HSV-2 and HIV as well in this community.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a monoclonal antibody with CD44 like reactivity.

QE7.3E8 is a monoclonal antibody which precipitates two bands (90 and 160 kd) from a B cell line and four (90, 130, 146, and 160 kd) from monocytes. Whilst this immunoprecipitation pattern suggests that QE7.3E8 is a CD18 antibody, a number of other results are inconsistent with this interpretation. In particular, QE7.3E8 stains lymphoid tissue with a distribution clearly distinguishable from CD18 antibodies; it precipitates four bands from a T cell line which does not express the CD11b and CD11c alpha chains, and cross immunoprecipitation with QE7.3E8 and a CD11a antibody show that the molecules recognized by these antibodies are not associated. However, in tissue distribution and sequential precipitation experiments QE7.3E8 behaves like a CD44 antibody. CD44 identifies a single 85 kd protein, but high molecular weight complexes have been described, accounting for the multiple bands seen in immunoprecipitation studies. Sequential immunoprecipitation using QE7.3E8 and a Workshop-clustered monoclonal antibody (SBU 25-32) indicate that the QE7.3E8 reacts with the CD44 antigen.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗