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Biomedical subjects

G Rossi

Publications and source records attributed to G Rossi.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Major surgical complications after 73 consecutive liver transplantations].

In order to evaluate the incidence of postoperative surgical complications requiring additional surgery, we report 73 consecutive liver orthotopic transplantations performed in 60 patients from June 1983 through June 1989. Transplantations were performed in 54 adults and 6 children for the following reasons: postnecrotic cirrhosis in 31, biliary diseases in 16, hepatobiliary malignancy in 7; Wilson's diseases in 3 and fulminant hepatitis in 3. Surgical complications requiring additional surgery occurred in 35 (58%) patients with 53 operations. Twenty-two patients (36%) had postoperative bleeding complications, 5 (8%) biliary complications, one had a late artery thrombosis and 16 (26%) had miscellaneous complications. The latter group included 6 abdominal hernias, 3 bowel perforations, 2 bowel obstructions, 2 cases of pneumothorax, 2 cases of chylous ascitis, one liver necrosis, one hepatic artery kinking, one peritonitis and one cardiac tamponade. The incidence of surgical complications was not significantly different in patients who underwent retransplantation as compared to those who had a single transplantation. We did not find a significant difference in surgical complication rate according to the preoperative liver disease. In comparison with the literature, in our series, we had a higher rate of abdominal hernia but a lower rate of biliary complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Hepatitis B and D recurrence after liver transplantation].

In Italy, many patients with B-virus (HBV) and Delta-virus (HDV) end-stage liver disease, are potential candidates to liver transplantation. Several authors have reported 70 to 100% hepatitis recurrence rates. From june 1983 to may 1989, 72 transplants on 60 patients were performed at Liver Transplantation Department of the Maggiore-Policlinico Hospital of Milan. The results in 26 HBsAg positive patients (19 with HDV infection), that underwent liver transplantation, are reported. A detailed report of 17 of these patients with a follow-up longer 7 months, and the clinical course of 4 patients with HBV reinfection, 3 of which had hepatitis recurrence, is also presented. The occurrence of HDV-RNA in the serum of 5 patients, that were negative for HBsAg and also other HBV-HDV replication markers after transplantation is discussed, together with the observation that in these patients no hepatitis recurrences or alteration of the clinical course were evident.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1990

Lung cancer with a single brain metastasis: therapeutic options.

Between January 1983 and December 1988 67 patients presenting with solitary cerebral recurrence from lung cancer were observed in our Institution. Resection was possible in 21 cases (31%). The surgical treatment included craniotomy with radical thoracotomy in 10 patients, craniotomy alone (with thoracotomy not including radical lung resection) in 5 patients and craniotomy performed within months of the initial elective thoracic surgery in 6 patients. In our series routine brain CT was carried out as a part of the staging procedure for lung cancer. Based on our results, we recommend an aggressive surgical approach to both cerebral recurrence and lung primary (scheduling craniotomy before thoracotomy), followed by whole brain RT, in order to prolong survival and improve the quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Carcinosarcoma of the lung].

The Authors report about one surgical case of pulmonary carcinosarcoma recently observed. The literature is reviewed and the histogenesis of this rare affection is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Benzyladenine induces the appearance of LHCP-mRNA and of the relevant protein in dark-grown excised watermelon cotyledons.

Cotyledons were excised from imbibed watermelon seeds, grown for 4 days in darkness on water or 10 microM benzyladenine (BA) and then tested for the presence of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCP) and its mRNA. LHCP was assayed immunologically by western blotting of SDS gels: the protein was present in plastids, but it was not recovered with the thylakoid fraction. Antibodies directed against LHCP precipitated a 32 kDa polypeptide from translation products of poly(A) RNA of cotyledons only if these had been grown on BA. Taken together the data suggest that in absence of light cytokinins are necessary for the maintenance of a detectable level of LHCP-mRNA as well as for synthesis of the protein.

Adenine↗
PubMed1990

Chromosomal monitoring of chromium-exposed workers.

A cytogenetic analysis was carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to chromite in a ferrochromium plant, to evaluate the possible existence of genetic damage. A quantitatively limited increase in aberrant cell frequencies was detected in subjects working in the furnace sector. The data were analyzed by several statistical approaches.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Role of radiation therapy in locally advanced thymoma.

The records of all patients treated for thymoma in the Department of Radiotherapy of the University of Torino between 1970 and 1988 were reviewed. There were 77 patients in stage III or IVa (59 in stage III and 18 in stage IVa); 74 patients were operated upon before radiotherapy and 3 had a pre-operative irradiation followed by surgery and post-operative boost. Complete resection was possible in 55.9% of cases with stage III and in none with stage IVa. Subtotal resection was done in 35.6% of patients in stage III and 83.3% in stage IVa. 8 patients had only a biopsy: 5 in stage III (8.5%) and 3 in stage IVa (16.6%). Post-operative radiation doses ranged between 39.6 and 46 Gy to the whole mediastinum followed by a 10-16 Gy boost on smaller fields in cases presenting residual disease after surgery. The pre-operative dose was 30 Gy followed by a post-operative boost of 16-24 Gy. Conventional fraction sizes of 1.8-2 Gy were always used. The 10 years survival rate was 58.3%. There was a significant difference between stage III (70.9%) and stage IVa (26.3%) (p less than 0.0004). Survival of patients in stage III was not significantly affected by the type of surgery. No significant difference in survival or recurrence rate was observed in patients with different histologies and in patients with or without myasthenia. Thoracic relapses occurred in 15.2% of patients in stage III and in 50% of patients in stage IVa (p less than 0.01). Only 7 relapses (9.1%) were within the limits of the radiation field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1990

Technique, dosimetry and results of total body irradiation in preparation to ABMT in Torino.

Twenty-five patients with haematologic malignancies received total body irradiation (TBI) as part of their conditioning regimen prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). TBI was delivered with an 18 MeV photon beam through AP-PA ports; the total dose was 13.2 Gy/8 fractions over 4 days; shields were used to limit the total dose to the lung to 8-10 Gy. Five relapses were observed; among 14 patients with ALL or advanced lymphoblastic lymphoma, 10 patients are currently alive and free of disease. Acute and late morbidity of TBI were low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Serotonergic control of TSH and PRL secretion in obese men.

To evaluate whether the inhibitory control of TSH and the stimulatory control of prolactin (PRL) secretion exerted by endogenous serotonin was altered in obesity, 22 obese men and 10 normal controls were tested with TRH (200 micrograms IV bolus) in the presence (experimental test) and absence (control test) of the serotonergic agonist fenfluramine (60 mg PO 90 min before TRH). Control and experimental tests were also performed in seven male patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and were repeated in the same obese subjects after substantial weight loss. Basal TSH levels were similar in control and obese men. Normal TSH responses to TRH (peak less than or equal to 14 mU/L) were observed in all normal controls (mean peak +/- SE 9.8 +/- 0.6 mU/L). In contrast, obese men were divided into two groups: nine in whom the TRH-induced TSH rise was higher than normal (group I: mean peak = 16.5 +/- 0.5 mU/L) and 13 in whom it was normal (group II: mean peak = 10.6 +/- 0.7 mU/L). The hypothyroid men all had elevated basal and TRH-stimulated TSH levels. Basal PRL concentrations were similar in the normal controls and both groups of obese subjects. The PRL response to TRH was lower in both group I and group II obese men than in normal controls and was similar between group I and group II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of a functional vesicular intermediate that mediates ER to Golgi transport in yeast.

We have used an in vitro assay that reconstitutes transport from the ER to the Golgi complex in yeast to identify a functional vesicular intermediate in transit to the Golgi apparatus. Permeabilized yeast cells, which serve as the donor in this assay, release a homogeneous population of vesicles that are biochemically distinct from the donor ER fraction. The isolated vesicles, containing a post-ER/pre-Golgi form of the marker protein pro-alpha-factor, were able to bind to and fuse with exogenously added Golgi membranes. The ability to isolate fusion competent vesicles provides direct evidence that ER to Golgi membrane transport is mediated by a discrete population of vesicular carriers.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence, clinical, and laboratory features of thrombocytopenia among HIV-infected individuals.

Prevalence and clinical features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related thrombocytopenia have been investigated among a random population of 657 anti-HIV-positive individuals. A platelet count below 100 X 10(9)/liter was detected in 72 patients (10.9%). Compared with anti-HIV-positive controls with normal platelets, a significantly higher prevalence of males (p less than 0.02) and of intravenous drug abusers (p less than 0.02) as well as a higher frequency of patients with advanced HIV-related disease (p less than 0.001) were detected among thrombocytopenic patients. Those patients whose thrombocytopenia was associated with neutropenia and/or anemia (14 cases, 2.1%) clearly differed from patients with isolated thrombocytopenia (IT) (58 cases, 8.8%) since they belonged to the more advanced groups of the CDC classification of HIV-related disorders, had lower CD4-positive lymphocyte counts, a higher frequency of cutaneous anergy, and less persistent thrombocytopenia. In the cohort of patients with persistent IT (47 cases), no single epidemiological or clinical data proved to correlate with the severity of thrombocytopenia. They did not differ significantly from anti-HIV-positive controls in their distribution among CDC groups, but the total lymphocyte and the CD4-positive lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in IT patients belonging to CDC group II (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively) and III (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.005, respectively) compared with CDC group-matched controls; after a median followup of one year, the two cohorts showed similar rates of progression to CDC Group IV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Leukemia-associated lymph node infiltrates of plasmacytoid monocytes (so-called plasmacytoid T-cells). Evidence for two distinct histological and immunophenotypical patterns.

The medium-sized mononuclear cell with plasmacytoid features, formerly known as "T-associated plasma cell" or "plasmacytoid T cell," has recently been shown to express several myelomonocyte and monocyte-macrophage associated antigens, suggesting a monocytic origin, and it has been renamed "plasmacytoid monocyte." The present study describes the clinical and pathological features of two patients with generalized lymphadenopathy and leukemia (chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in Case 1, and acute non-B, non-T lymphoblastic leukemia in Case 2), and whose lymph node biopsies showed large numbers of plasmacytoid monocytes associated with the leukemic infiltrates. Case 1 was strikingly similar to three previously reported cases of so-called "plasmacytoid T cell" lymphoma, all associated with a myeloproliferative disorder. In our case, the destructive growth pattern of the plasmacytoid monocytes and the de novo expression of CD5 on these cells favored their neoplastic nature; the sharing of some markers of plasmacytoid monocytes with the myelomonocytic infiltrate suggested they were part of the tumoral proliferation. In Case 2, plasmacytoid monocytes displayed an immunophenotype guide similar to that reported in reactive conditions and were antigenically unrelated to the leukemic cells; plasmacytoid monocyte clusters occurred also in the lymphoid parenchyma spared by the leukemic infiltrate. These findings led us to interpret the large numbers of plasmacytoid monocytes in this second case as a tumor-associated host reaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Growth hormone responses to growth hormone-releasing hormone, clonidine and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in normal weight bulimic women.

The growth hormone (GH) responses to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH; 1 microgram/kg BW in an i.v. bolus), clonidine (150 micrograms in a single oral dose) and insulin (0.15 IU/kg BW in an i.v. bolus) induced hypoglycemia were evaluated in 7 normal weight bulimic women with regular menstrual cycles and in 7 age- and weight-matched normal women. In addition, the effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; 200 micrograms in an i.v. bolus) on serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and GH levels was measured in the same subjects. Tests were carried out in random order on the 22nd days of the following menstrual cycles. A control test with the i.v. administration of normal saline instead of drugs was carried out 2 days after the TRH test. Basal GH levels were significantly higher in bulimic women than in normal controls; despite higher GH levels, bulimic women showed normal circulating concentrations of somatomedin-C (Sm-C). Serum GH levels remained unmodified during the control test. In contrast, the administration of GHRH, clonidine or insulin induced significant GH responses in all subjects. Bulimic and normal women showed comparable responses after GHRH, clonidine or hypoglycemia. The hypoglycemic response to insulin was similar in bulimic and control subjects. The administration of TRH was unable to increase the circulating levels of GH in the normal controls, whereas it significantly increased GH concentrations in 5 of 7 bulimic women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Abnormal arginine-vasopressin responses to metoclopramide and insulin-induced hypoglycemia in type I diabetes mellitus.

Alterations in the control of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) secretion have been described in type I diabetes mellitus. In order to gain a better insight into this problem, we examined whether insulin-dependent diabetics in good metabolic conditions and without diabetic complications had an abnormal AVP responsiveness to metoclopramide (MCP), an AVP-stimulating agent with a central site of action. In addition, we tested the AVP response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the same subjects. Twenty insulin-dependent diabetic men without neuropathy or other diabetic complications were divided into two groups according to the duration of their illness (10 patients who had been diabetic for less than 10 years, group 1, and 10 patients who had been diabetic for more than 10 years, group 2). Eleven age- and weight-matched normal men participated as controls. All groups were tested with MCP (20 mg in an intravenous bolus) and, on a different occasion, with insulin-induced (0.15 IU/kg) hypoglycemia. Experiments started after optimization of the metabolic status of the diabetic men by 3 days of treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Basal concentrations of AVP were similar in all groups (diabetics of group 1: 2.2 +/- 0.2 pmol/l, mean +/- SE; group 2: 2.3 +/- 0.2 pmol/l; normal controls: 2.2 +/- 0.2 pmol/l). Administration of MCP induced a striking elevation of plasma AVP levels in the normal controls and in the diabetic subjects of groups 1 and 2. All subjects showed a mean peak response at 15 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗