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Biomedical subjects

G Rosenbusch

Publications and source records attributed to G Rosenbusch.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Pancreatic exocrine and gallbladder function during long-term treatment with octreotide (SMS 201-995).

Since octreotide (SMS 201-995, Sandostatin; Sandoz Pharmaceuticals) is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic exocrine secretion and gallbladder contraction, long-term treatment with this drug may theoretically result in impaired pancreatic function and gallstones. However, we observed excellent pancreatic exocrine function--as assessed by the PABA/PAS test--in acromegalics who received octreotide treatment for more than 6 months. Plasma cholecystokinin showed a significant, although blunted, postprandial response, which exceeded the threshold for gallbladder contraction in healthy controls. Remarkably, postprandial gallbladder contraction was completely abolished for at least 2 h during octreotide treatment. In contrast to other studies, none of 16 acromegalic patients on long-term octreotide treatment developed gallstones. Although the incidence of gallstones in patients on long-term octreotide treatment may be increased, the risk seems to be variable.

4-Aminobenzoic Acid↗
PubMed1989

Simultaneous measurement of gallbladder emptying with cholescintigraphy and US during infusion of physiologic doses of cholecystokinin: a comparison.

Both ultrasonography (US) and cholescintigraphy are used to study gallbladder dynamics. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the two methods provide the same or different information relating to gallbladder emptying. Emptying was simultaneously studied with both methods during infusion of graded physiologic doses of cholecystokinin (CCK) in six healthy subjects. Infusion of stepwise increasing doses of CCK, ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 Ivy dog units per kilogram of body weight per hour (IDU/kg.h), induced significant dose-related increases in plasma CCK, decreases in gallbladder volume assessed with US, and gallbladder emptying assessed with cholescintigraphy. The threshold dose for inducing significant gallbladder emptying was 0.13 IDU/kg.h, as determined with both techniques, indicating similar detection limits. There was a highly significant correlation between decreases in gallbladder volume and decreases in radioactive counts over the gallbladder region, with a tendency toward greater gallbladder responses at sonography during the early phase of gallbladder contraction and toward greater responses at cholescintigraphy during the later phase of gallbladder contraction. It is concluded that these methods can be used interchangeably for the quantitation of gallbladder emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Postprandial gallbladder motility during long term treatment with the long-acting somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 in acromegaly.

The effects on gallbladder motility of long term treatment with the somatostatin analog SMS 201-995 (SMS) were studied in five patients with acromegaly treated for 6-32 months with 200-300 micrograms SMS daily. SMS (100 micrograms) or placebo was injected sc 45 min before a standard breakfast. Gallbladder volume (ultrasonography), plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured until 120 min after the meal. SMS completely suppressed the postprandial gallbladder contraction, despite a blunted, though still statistically significant, increase in plasma CCK from 1.6 +/- 0.2 pmol/L to an average of 3.7 +/- 1.7 pmol/L (P less than 0.01). The postprandial plasma PP peak after placebo was replaced by a slight but statistically significant decrease after SMS (P less than 0.05). A statistically significant correlation between the plasma CCK values and corresponding gallbladder volumes was seen only after placebo injection, not in the SMS study. We conclude that during long term treatment of acromegalics with SMS, an injection of 100 micrograms, sc, completely abolishes gallbladder contraction for at least 2 h after a standard breakfast, despite blunted, but still significant, CCK release. The data suggest a decreased sensitivity of the gallbladder to endogenous CCK during long term treatment with SMS. Careful control of patients with respect to the formation of gallstones is recommended.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder: MR imaging with a double surface coil.

Twenty-four patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder were examined with MR imaging by using both a conventional body coil and a newly designed wraparound double surface coil. All patients had T1- and two patients had T2-weighted pulse sequences with both coils. Because of the long examination times, T2-weighted sequences in all other patients were obtained by using the double surface coil only. Nine patients underwent radical cystectomy, while the other patients had deep transurethral tumor resection and a clinical follow-up of at least 1.5 years. The results of imaging with the surface coil showed a twofold improvement of spatial resolution compared with the images obtained with the body coil. The RF field homogeneity was excellent, and the field of view was sufficiently large to achieve a complete study of the pelvis and the lower abdomen in one sequence. For the T1-weighted images, the higher spatial resolution of the double surface coil resulted in a significant (p less than .10) improvement in tumor staging. The accuracies of double-surface-coil and body-coil imaging were 79% and 54%, respectively. Double-surface-coil imaging appears to provide better MR images of the urinary bladder than body-coil imaging does, resulting in more accurate staging of tumors on T1-weighted pulse sequences.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1987

Elemental diet stimulates gallbladder contraction and secretion of cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide in man.

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ingestion of 80 g Vivonex on gallbladder volume, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in eight healthy volunteers and to compare the results with those obtained after ingestion of 60 ml corn oil. Gallbladder volumes were measured by ultrasonography. Plasma CCK was determined by radioimmunoassay using region-specific antibodies; antibody 1703 binds to COOH-terminal CCK-peptides containing at least 14 amino acid residues, while antibody T204 binds to COOH-terminal CCK-peptides containing the sulfated tyrosine region. Plasma PP was also measured by radioimmunoassay. Ingestion of Vivonex induced significant increases in plasma CCK (0.6 +/- 0.1 to 4.6 +/- 0.6 pM, antibody 1703; 1.8 +/- 0.3 to 5.9 +/- 0.5 pM, antibody (T204; P less than or equal to 0.0005) and decreases in gallbladder volume (21.4 +/- 2.8 to 11.2 +/- 2.3 cm3; P = 0.0001). Integrated plasma CCK secretion and gallbladder contraction after Vivonex were not significantly different from the results found after corn oil. Both Vivonex and corn oil-induced small increases in plasma PP. We conclude that Vivonex is a potent stimulus for the secretion of CCK and contraction of the gallbladder.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[The variable picture of gastric carcinoid].

Carcinoids are endocrine tumors which develop from enterochromaffin cells and will be found in more than 80% in the gastrointestinal tract. Only 2-3% of these carcinoids is located in the stomach. The rarity of their occurrence and the wide variety of radiographic features (intramural defects, multiple gastric polyps, large gastric ulcers and polypoid intraluminal lesions) make their recognition difficult. We report 3 cases of gastric carcinoid, one of them presented with pernicious anemia, which has been reported more frequently in literature. One patient showed the unusual combination of adenocarcinoma and a carcinoid with a stalk in the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Lymphography and abdominal computed tomography in staging Hodgkin's disease.

Lymphography and abdominal CT were performed in 78 patients staged for Hodgkin's disease. In 82% of all patients, both examinations agreed on the presence or absence of lymph node involvement. In the group of 39 patients undergoing lymphography prior to CT, the agreement was 90%. In the group of 39 patients with lymphography following CT, the agreement was 74%. In 50% of the patients with discrepant findings, lymphography revealed abnormal nodes compared with CT. Lymphography was abnormal in 26% of patients with a normal CT scan as the first examination, and in 9% of patients with a normal CT scan as the second examination. It is concluded that lymphography is more reliable than CT in the examination of the abdomen. CT performed after a normal or an abnormal lymphogram adds little additional information. When CT is preferred as the initial investigation in staging Hodgkin's disease, lymphography only adds significant information if the CT scan is normal or equivocal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Cephalic stimulation of gallbladder contraction in humans: role of cholecystokinin and the cholinergic system.

To determine the role of cholecystokinin and the cholinergic system in cephalic stimulation of gallbladder contraction and to compare the degree of gallbladder contraction by cephalic stimulation with postprandial gallbladder contraction, 8 healthy volunteers (4 males, 4 females, 20-65 years) underwent the following studies: sham feeding of an appetizing meal, sham feeding with intravenous atropine, and ingestion of the same meal. Gallbladder volume was measured by real-time ultrasonography and plasma cholecystokinin by a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay using antibody T204. Gallbladder contraction in response to sham feeding, 30 +/- 4% (p = 0.0001 vs. basal), amounted to half of that seen after real feeding, 69 +/- 5% (p less than 0.0001 vs. basal). Significant dissociation between gallbladder response to sham feeding and real feeding was seen from 40 min (p less than 0.005-p = 0.0001). Atropine did not affect basal gallbladder volume but completely abolished gallbladder contraction in response to sham feeding. Neither sham feeding without nor sham feeding with atropine significantly affected plasma cholecystokinin levels. On the other hand, real feeding induced significant increases in plasma cholecystokinin from a basal level of 2.3 +/- 0.1 pM to a peak value of 5.9 +/- 0.4 pM at 40 min. It is concluded that an important cephalic phase of postprandial gallbladder contraction exists which is cholecystokinin-independent but dependent on a cholinergic mechanism.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder.

This case report describes a patient with a pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. The patient demonstrated an excessive increase of blood pressure and plasma catecholamines immediately after micturition. Ultrasound and CT-scanning confirmed the localisation of the tumour in the urinary bladder.

Adult↗