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Biomedical subjects

G Rosati

Publications and source records attributed to G Rosati.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial effect of fluoxetine in a case of sporadic hyperekplexia.

We studied a 67-year-old woman with a sporadic form of hyperekplexia, who experienced 8-10 excessive startle responses to unexpected stimuli per month. Therapy with fluoxetine had a definite beneficial effect. This finding supports the hypothesis that serotonergic mechanisms play a role in this disorder.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myocardial infarction complicating status epilepticus.

No documentation is available for myocardial infarction complicating status epilepticus. A 31-year-old man developed an acute inferolateral myocardial infarction during repetitive epileptic seizures. A cineangiographic study performed 6 months later revealed normal coronary arteries and an apical aneurysm in the left ventricle. The main pathogenetic mechanisms involved and a therapeutic possibility are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain interstitial fluid and intracellular distribution of phenytoin.

After intravenous (i.v.) administration (10 mg/kg), the biodisposition of phenytoin (PHT) in serum (total and free concentration), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and the interstitial fluid (IF) of the normal brain were determined in dogs. A sufficient volume of IF was obtained through a multiperforated polypropylene ball implanted into the left parietotemporal region for 4-5 weeks. PHT brain distribution coefficient values ranged between 1.9 and 3.75, while the ratios of IF to free serum PHT concentrations ranged between 0.19 and 1.04; thus, our data indicate that most of the free unbound PHT which enters the brain parenchyma accumulates in the cellular compartment. Furthermore, at 60 and 90 min the peak CSF and IF concentrations are delayed; thus, for PHT, an apparent diffusion front from the CSF into the extracellular space of the brain seems to occur.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of ketamine anesthesia on phenytoin biodisposition.

After oral administration (10% suspension in arabic gum, at 500 mg/kg), total phenytoin (PHT) concentrations were measured in the blood and brain of rats anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg, intraperitoneally i.p.) and in a control group that received only PHT. The concentration of PHT in blood and brain was significantly higher in the ketamine than in the control group. At 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 h, increased brain PHT reflected increased blood concentrations. At all times, the plasma protein binding of PHT was similar in both groups. After intravenous (i.v.) administration, instead, at 10 mg/kg, total PHT concentrations were similar in rats anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and in a control group that received only PHT under mild ether anesthesia. Thus, the main factor involved with the altered PHT biodisposition caused by ketamine anesthesia appears to be increased absorption of the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trichites of Strombidium (Ciliophora, Oligotrichida) are extrusomes.

The trichites of Strombidium and related genera have been considered either as a cytoskeletal armature or as extrusomes. To demonstrate their true nature, a study was undertaken on two marine Strombidium species by ultrastructural and cytochemical analysis as well as in vivo experiments. Trichites, extending from the cortex into the cell, are rod-shaped, membrane-bounded, and have a complex structure. The following elements of the trichites, are distinguishable: an electron-transparent lumen, a laminated layer, and a compact layer. In trichites of one species, thin "rings" surround the lumen. Numerous short, curved tubules with a polysaccharide wall are present in the cytoplasm surrounding the trichites. At the cortical end, each trichite is enveloped by a "cap" of electron-dense proteinaceous material. In some cases, the cortical alveoli appear interrupted, forming a "hole" for trichite ejection. Ejection of rod-shaped structures, up to 5 times longer than resting trichites, was obtained by in vivo treatments with dextran and aminoethyldextran. Negative staining indicated that these structures were transformed trichites. As no other possible extrusive structures were observed in the cytoplasm of Strombidium, trichites were considered extrusomes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Northwestern Sardinia: further evidence for higher frequency in Sardinians compared to other Italians.

The Sardinians are an ethnically homogeneous population, having a genetic structure quite different from that of all other Italian and European populations. All epidemiological studies carried out in Sardinia since 1975 indicate that this Mediterranean island shows twice the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to continental Italy, but the size of the Sardinian communities so far surveyed has been too small to draw definitive conclusions. To overcome this draw-back, we have studied the frequency of MS in a well-defined area of north-western Sardinia, with a population of about 270,000 in the 1991 census. Based on 276 MS cases, the prevalence on December 31st, 1991, was 102.6 per 100,000. The incidence, averaging 2 per 100,000 in the period of 1962 to 1971, rose to 5 in the period from 1977 to 1991. The present study confirms the higher frequency of MS among Sardinians compared to other Italian populations. Genetic, linguistic and historical data suggest a role of environmental and genetic factors in determining the notable difference in MS risk between Sardinia and the rest of Italy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rectal neurogenic sarcoma: case report and review of the literature.

A neurogenic sarcoma without NF-1 was discovered in a 73-year-old woman in the anorectal region, an unusual site for these tumors. The tumor was of high-grade malignancy and deeply located with mesorectal infiltration; it did not originate from a major nerve. We presume an origin from less differentiated neural crest cells and present a review of the literature on the best treatment for these neoplasms.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A phase II study of paclitaxel/cisplatin combination in patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to anthracycline-based chemotherapy.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To investigate the safety and efficacy of a paclitaxel and cisplatin regimen in a selected group of metastatic breast cancer patients with primary or acquired chemo-resistance to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight consecutive women with metastatic breast cancer (PS < or =2) were entered in this phase II trial; all patients had been previously treated for metastatic disease with chemotherapy containing anthracyclines and had shown a progression of the disease during drug administration or after a clinical response lasting less than 6 months. Fifteen patients had received 2 or more chemotherapeutic regimens for advanced disease; 31 patients had > or =2 sites of metastatic disease. Paclitaxel (135 mg/m2) was administered iv by a 3-hr infusion followed by iv infusion of cisplatin (75 mg/m2) on day 1, every 3 weeks for 6 cycles. After the completion of the planned chemotherapy administration, 9 responsive patients continued to receive paclitaxel alone (175 mg/m2) iv, on day 1, every 3 weeks, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS: A partial clinical response was recorded in 17 cases (45%; 95% CI, 30-64%). The median duration of overall response was 8 months; for the 9 responsive patients who continued treatment with paclitaxel alone, 4 had maintained the partial clinical response at the median follow-up of 24 months from the onset of therapy. The median time to progression was 6 months and median overall survival 8 months. Neurotoxicity was the most frequent adverse effect and caused treatment discontinuation in 5 cases for grade 3-4 paresthesia and/or an arthralgia/myalgia syndrome. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 16 patients (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Paclitaxel/cisplatin is an active regimen for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. However, the cumulative neurotoxicity should limit the efficacy of prolonged paclitaxel monotherapy in responsive patients.

Adult↗