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G Richet

Publications and source records attributed to G Richet.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An unrecognized renal physiologist: Friedrich Wöhler.

Wöhler, in 1828, was the first chemist to synthesize urea. In 1824, towards the end of his medical studies, he had already published an important article on the renal excretion of some 41 substances administered orally or parenterally and on the links between their renal excretion and their metabolism: salts of potassium are excreted either reduced or oxidized, urine can be acidic when the blood is alkaline, the rate of water excretion is influenced by the rate of substances excreted in the same form as they are administered. He adumbrated the general concepts on the role of the kidney in the maintenance of the composition of the body. Had he continued in this direction, Wöhler would have been recognized not only as a remarkable chemist but also as a great physiologist.

Germany↗
PubMed1993

Edema and uremia from 1827 to 1905: the first faltering steps of renal pathophysiology.

After Richard Bright's studies, both edema and uremia were thought to be due to a renal retention of urinary substances; but if so why were they so rarely associated with each other? To solve this dilemma, a few clinicians turned to physics and chemistry. In 1897, Korànyi measured the freezing point depression (FPD) of the urine during water restriction. He found that in advanced renal disease it was lower than normal, approaching that of plasma, a phenomenon which he named isothenuria. He introduced the concept of renal insufficiency when, whatever the lesions, urinary excretory function does not adapt to the needs of the body. In the same year Achard and Castaigne found that in uremia, the excretion of methylene blue into the urine was delayed. In contrast, the dye was normally excreted in edematous patients with proteinuria. In 1902 Strauss and Widal, using a new steel needle to obtain blood, each studied the chemistry of plasma and performed water, chloride and nitrogen balances. They revealed that in advanced nephritis without edema there was a retention of nitrogen metabolites but not of chloride, whereas in proteinuric edematous patients the blood urea was normal, and there was a retention of chloride and then of water. Physical chemistry and its objective results had been introduced into renal medicine. Modern renal pathophysiology was now launched.

Edema↗
PubMed1991

From Bright's disease to modern nephrology: Pierre Rayer's innovative method of clinical investigation.

Pierre Rayer, in a day of purely descriptive medicine, devised a method for the scientific study of diseases affecting the kidney and urinary tract. He first assembled vivid illustrations of a wide range of disorders of the kidney found in specimens obtained at autopsy. The resulting Atlas won him widespread praise and is still often cited. His Treatise (Traité des Maladies des Reins et des Altérations de la Sécrétion Urinaire), in which he integrated data from pathological anatomy with urinary biology and clinical manifestations, was ahead of its time. Hence it was poorly understood and, like the work of many other innovators, was largely ignored. Nevertheless, his 2100 page Traité which begins with a description of his innovative and highly disciplined method of study, most unusual at this time, is by no means lacking in interest for today's nephrologists. Rayer's was a landmark contribution, affording, as it did, a comprehensive approach to the clinical problems of nephrology a century before the diseases themselves could be understood. Could a contemporary of Rayer tell that he was an inventor of scientific methodology before the proof of his rigorous demonstrations was carried out? That has been the achievement of clinical nephrology in the past forty years...one century later.

Glomerulonephritis↗
PubMed1990

[Not Available].

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France↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of medical faculties in France].

A "comité national d'évaluation" founded in 1985 scrutinizes the french universities, autonomous but still partly run by the government. So far 17 medical faculties have been examined. Here are presented some remarks on the following points: the selection of the students and the end of the first year and the fate of those who failed; the reinforcement of science teaching for the students eager to go into research or academic medicine; the links binding teaching and research; the international relationships; the impulse of the evaluation on the Faculté.

Curriculum↗