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Biomedical subjects

G Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to G Reiss.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Rhinitis in old age].

The chronic rhinitis is a frequent problem with age. In the nose, normal physiologic changes of aging include loss of nasal tip support, atrophy of mucus-producing mucosal glands, and decreased olfaction. The fragmentation and weakening of the cartilage of the septum also causes airflow changes contributing to nasal stuffiness. These changes contribute to geriatric rhinitis, the symptoms of which are often attributed by the older patient to "allergies" or "sinus trouble". An understanding of these anatomic changes, linked with a thorough history and physical examination, allows the physician to properly manage geriatric rhinitis. Earnest causes like tumors or mycosis must be excluded. The treatment depends on the etiology of the rhinitis and also the symptoms of the patient. Therapy includes avoidance of all sorts of allergens (dust, fumes, sprays) and appropriate attention to minimizing home environmental and occupational exposures. Pharmacotherapy most often involves liquifying--not drying--nasal secretions with oral and topical preparations. Conservative surgical treatment is occasionally indicated.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed2002

[Why 2 ears?].

Having two ears instead of just one is advantageous in several respects. The danger of deafness is decreased, the auditory field is enlarged, spatial perception is possible on the basis of binaural disparities. Auditory deprivation presents as loss of discrimination over time in the unaided ear of individuals with a unilateral hearing loss. Earedness and ear preference ensure the choice of the dominant ear for definite actions like eavesdropping, telephone or listen.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed2002

[The importance of tuning forks].

Turning fork tests are used routinely by many otologists. A different group of otologists find the tests inconsistent and unreliable. This controversy has probably developed because the audiometer has replaced the tuning fork in hearing measurement. Some principles of the Weber- and Rinne-tuning fork test are shortly described. The necessary control of pure tone audiometry by tuning forks is pointed out. The value particularly in the diagnosis of conductive hearing loss, and the tuning fork's limitations are discussed.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of functional brain PET images and intraoperative brain-mapping data using image-guided surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Knowledge about the spatial localization of eloquent brain areas is essential for resecting lesions in the vicinity of these areas. The classical approach is to perform surgery on the awake patient under local anesthesia using brain-mapping techniques. As an alternative, the location of eloquent areas can be visualized by preoperative functional brain-imaging techniques, for example, positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), or magnetoencephalography (MEG). Using functional activation PET, both methods were combined by integration into a frameless navigation system (BrainLAB) and used to map speech-eloquent areas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Speech-eloquent areas were localized preoperatively in seven patients with a left-sided glioma using 2-[(18)F]-2-desoxy-D-glucose PET. Patients were scanned under silence conditions (i.e., with the patient remaining silent in a sound-proof cabin), and speech was activated using a verb-generation paradigm. The PET data were transferred to the neuronavigation workstation and matched with a preoperative 3D-MRI using an automatic image-fusion algorithm. Intraoperative speech localization was performed using brain-mapping techniques under local anesthesia with bipolar cortical stimulation. The stimulator position was mapped into the MRI/PET data set by neuronavigational tracking of the instrument. RESULTS: Functional PET images were integrated into the MRI-based neuronavigational system and could be transferred exactly to the operative field. By the additional integration of cortical stimulation, intraoperative electrophysiological findings can be directly compared with preoperative functional images. Seven patients with left-sided glioma were operated on using this protocol, confirming the technical feasibility. In three of seven patients, preoperative PET findings were not supported by intraoperative mapping. CONCLUSIONS: This matching and mapping technique is suitable for monitoring eloquent speech areas during surgical resection of extensive left-sided low-grade gliomas, allowing a direct comparison between intraoperative electrophysiological brain mapping and preoperative functional brain-imaging findings. The sensitivity and specificity of functional imaging techniques can now be evaluated by reconciling the data with the intraoperative stimulation results.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Surgery of low-grade gliomas near speech-eloquent regions: brainmapping versus preoperative functional imaging.

The identification of eloquent areas is of utmost importance in the surgery of tumors located near speech-eloquent brain areas, since the classical concept of a constant localization was proven to be untrue and the spatial localization of these areas may show large interindividual differences. Some neurosurgical centers apply intraoperative electrophysiological methods that, however, necessitate the performance of surgery in the awake patient. This might be a severe burden both for the patient and the operating team in a procedure that lasts several hours; in addition, electrical stimulation may generate epileptic seizures. Alternatively, methods of functional brain imaging (e.g., PET, fMRI, MEG) may be applied, which allow individual localization of speech-eloquent areas. Matching of these image data with a conventional 3D-CT or MRI now allows the exact transfer of this information into the surgical field by neuronavigation. Whereas standards concerning electrophysiological stimulation techniques that could prevent a permanent postoperative worsening of language are available, until now it remains unclear whether the resection of regions shown to be active in functional brain imaging will cause a permanent postoperative deficit.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed2001

[Nose drops--therapeutic effects and applications].

Nose drops are widely used in the topical treatment of nasal disorders. This paper gives some aspects of the therapeutic effects and installation of nose drops. Nose drops are only used on the nasal mucosa. Their efficacy depend especially on the position of the head adopted during instillation.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2001

[Employment and communication of hearing disabled patients].

Communicative disorders can remain an uncomfortable, costly, and debilitating factor throughout the lives of millions of children and adults. Deafness is a common problem and no age group is spared. Causes of hearing loss are numerous, and may be multifactorial in an individual. Important causes include trauma, including noise and air pressure changes; genetic hearing loss; infection, including rubella; drug damage, metabolic and neoplasia. Prompt detection and management of hearing loss in children is essential to ensure adequate development of language and associated skills. Untreated hearing loss in adults may cause them to withdraw from social activities. The patient with a hearing loss may represent difficult evaluation and management decisions. While individuals with defective hearing have a wide-ranging choice among absolutely attractive occupations, that choice is likely to be narrowed along with growing severity of the handicap. Hazardous, hearing-related, contact, and noisy occupations are not suitable for them. In handling such persons, due consideration should be given not only to the handicap proper but very much also to psychological aspects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Laterality of tinnitus: relationship to functional assymetries].

Tinnitus is a sensation of sound generated by the auditory system due to pathology, without any external acoustic or electrical stimulation. Clinical reports have indicated that tinnitus affects the left ear more frequently than the right one. Previous data suggest that the asymmetrical distribution of tinnitus is linked to handedness or other lateral signs, but no studies have heretofore examined lateral preferences in addressing this relationship. The literature concerning the laterality (localisation) of tinnitus is reviewed. The data confirm an asymmetrical distribution of tinnitus. Results of 7 studies (altogether 4634 patients) demonstrate that tinnitus occurs more often bilaterally (48.8%) than on the left side (28.0%) or the right (23.2%). There is no general predominance of the left ear. Handedness, eyedness, footedness, earedness and dichotic listening are examined in our own sample of 58 patients (23 men and 35 women) with acute, subacute or chronic tinnitus. A right sided preference was found for hand, foot, eye, ear preference and dichotic listening among 91%, 86%, 78%, 69% and 85% of the sample, respectively. Sixty per cent of the sample heard tinnitus only in the left ear, 21% only in the right ear and 19% in both ears. There is a higher correlation between localisation of tinnitus and dichotic listening than between other lateralities. Our investigation shows a significant relationship between localisation of tinnitus and laterality of dichotic listening, suggesting a possible link between tinnitus and hemisphere dominance. The result suggests a "functional" asymmetry of tinnitus.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Reference manager EndNote 4. Further development and new functions].

Bibliography database managers are used to manage information resources: specifically, to maintain a database of references and create bibliographies and reference lists for written works. It should offer tools that let you find and retrieve references quickly, and it should be able to produce the bibliography in the format required for a particular publication. There are many computer programs, but very few stands out as truly useful, time saving, and work enhancing. One of them is EndNote. The reference manager EndNote 4 was recently released in Germany and, as long-time fans of this excellent program, we upgraded from the previous version. The use of the software package EndNote 4 for Windows is described, and we want to report about our own experiences with the new version of this database manager. The main reason for getting EndNote 4 is its clearly improved functions and features: for instance a new library window, a better search functions, an automatic updates and completion of term lists and an improved identification of duplicate references. Altogether EndNote 4 provides also an excellent combination of features and ease of use.

Database Management Systems↗