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Biomedical subjects

G Reid

Publications and source records attributed to G Reid.

213 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Tranexamic acid in control of haemorrhage after dental extraction in haemophilia and Christmas disease.

In a double-blind trial tranexamic acid (AMCA, Cyclokapron), 1 g three times a day for five days, significantly reduced blood loss and transfusion requirements after dental extraction in patients with haemophilia and Christmas disease. No side effects were seen in either group of patients. Screening tests showed no toxic action of tranexamic acid on the liver, kidney, or heart.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An audit of the processes involved in identifying and assessing bilingual learners suspected of being dyslexic: a Scottish study.

The Commission for Racial Equality (Special Educational Needs Assessment in Strathclyde: Report of a Formal Investigation, CRE, London, 1996) highlighted the significant under-representation of bilingual children among pupils assessed as having specific learning difficulties/dyslexia. In this present study an audit was undertaken in order to explore issues arising from the Commission's report, initially using 53 schools from one education authority. This revealed an extremely low incidence of suspected dyslexia among bilingual pupils. A second study was carried out in a further nine education authorities, surveying 91 schools with bilingual pupils. The incidence of suspected dyslexia in bilingual pupils was found to be extremely low. Twenty-seven cases were examined. Most cases concerned pupils aged 7:0-9:0. Difficulties associated with conventional indicators of dyslexia are discussed. A wide variety of assessment approaches were reported and the use of first language (L1) assessment varied. The process of assessment tended to be lengthy and inconclusive. However, this report suggests that caution is necessary when considering dyslexia in the early stages of second language (L2) development.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An examination of the relationship between dyslexia and offending in young people and the implications for the training system.

A screening study was undertaken which involved 50 young offenders, serving sentences of various lengths, all from the largest young offenders' institution in Scotland. All 50 were screened for dyslexia and a number received a more detailed follow-up assessment. The results of the screening showed that 25 of the young offenders (50%) were dyslexic to some degree. This finding has implications for professionals, particularly in respect of follow-up assessment and support, and for politicians in relation to issues such as school experience, prison education and staff training. These issues are discussed here in relation to the background and results of the study.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial adherence in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection: a review.

Bacterial adherence to the uroepithelium is recognized as an important mechanism in the initiation and pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTI). The uropathogens originate predominantly in the intestinal tract and initially colonize the periurethral region and ascend into the bladder, resulting in symptomatic or asymptomatic bacteriuria. Thereafter, depending on host factors and bacterial virulence factors, the organisms may further ascend and give rise to pyelonephritis. Uropathogens are selected by the presence of virulence characteristics that enable them to resist the normally efficient host defense mechanisms. Considerable progress has been made in identifying bacterial adhesins and in demonstrating bacterial receptor sites on uroepithelial surfaces. Recent studies have identified natural anti-adherence mechanisms in humans as well as possible increased susceptibility to UTI when these mechanisms are defective and when receptor density on uroepithelial cells is altered. Knowledge of bacterial adherence mechanisms may permit alternative methods of prevention and management of urinary infection, including the use of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, vaccine development, nonimmune inhibition of bacterial adhesins and receptor sites, and the use of autochthonous flora, such as lactobacilli, to exclude uropathogens from colonizing the urinary tract.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Play materials for mentally handicapped children.

A range of experimental play materials are described which were designed to aid the development of manipulative skills such as posting, threading, fitting and matching in mentally handicapped children functioning at the 1-2-year-old stage of normal development. The play materials are designed to withstand rough treatment and they can be securely mounted on adjustable frames so that they can be presented to children with physical handicaps. There are few detachable parts to be thrown or dropped out of reach, and appropriate manipulations produce "rewarding' auditory feedback. A preliminary assessment of the experimental play materials suggested that they prompted more developmentally productive kinds of manipulative play than did a selection of comparable conventional toys.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Few cultured rat primary sensory neurons express a tolbutamide-sensitive K+ current.

The response of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to metabolic inhibition is known to involve calcium-activated K+ channels; in most neuronal types ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K(ATP)) also contribute, but this is not yet established in the DRG. We have investigated the presence of a K(ATP) current using whole-cell recordings from rat DRG neurons, classifying the neurons functionally by their "current signature" (Petruska et al, J Neurophysiol 84:2365-2379, 2000). We clearly identified a K(ATP) current in only 1 out of 62 neurons, probably a nociceptor. The current was activated by cyanide (2 mM NaCN) and was sensitive to 100 microM tolbutamide; the relation between reversal potential and external K+ concentration indicated it was a K+ current. In a further two neurons, cyanide activated a K+ current that was only partially blocked by tolbutamide, which may also be an atypical K(ATP) current. We conclude that K(ATP) channels are expressed in normal DRG, but in very few neurons and only in nociceptors.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The vaginal Bifidobacterium flora in women of reproductive age].

The composition of vaginal bifidoflora in 56 clinically healthy women of reproductive age was studied. The study revealed that four species of bifidobacteria, viz. Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, B. adolescentis 2 and B. longum, dominated in the composition of this bifidobacterial population. Nine out of 11 isolated strains were found to be capable of inhibiting indicator microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis when tested in vitro; in addition, strains B. adolescentis 2 F1, B. bifidum G1, B. breve P2 and B. longum Z4 inhibited Klebsiella ozaenae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and were also active acid producers. Three of these 4 bifidobacterial strains were capable of adhesion to vaginal epitheliocytes, while B. bifidum G1 was practically incapable of adherence to these cells, similarly to B. bifidum strain 791 of intestinal origin. In addition, the spectra of antibiotic susceptibility varied from strain to strain, but all bifidobacterial strains were susceptible to benzylpenicillin and resistant to lomefloxacin, most of them being also resistant to cyprofloxacin and gentamicin. Thus the data presented in this work are indicative of the possibility and advantages of using bifidobacterial strains belonging to this ecological niche as probiotics for the correction of the microflora of the urogenital tract in females.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of three-day antimicrobial therapy and lactobacillus vaginal suppositories on recurrence of urinary tract infections.

Forty-one adult women with acute lower urinary tract infections (UTI) were randomly treated for three days with norfloxacin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). Infection was eradicated in 100% of norfloxacin-treated patients and in 95% of TMP/SMX-treated patients. UTI recurred in 29% of patients treated with norfloxacin and in 41% of those treated with TMP/SMX. Post-therapy vaginal administration of lactobacillus suppositories resulted in a recurrence rate of UTI of only 21%, while in patients given sterilized skim-milk suppositories the recurrence rate was 47%. This study indicates that lactobacillus vaginal suppositories are safe and may be effective in reducing the recurrence of UTI following antimicrobial therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived barriers to physical activity by older adults.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived barriers to physical activity by older adults. 199 volunteers responded to the Perceived Barriers Questionnaire (PBQ). The subjects resided in apartment residences for independent, healthy, older adults. Older adults perceived as many as 17 barriers to physical activity. The number of barriers per subject was significantly related to age and illness or handicap. The remaining factors, gender, income, activity and educational levels, were not related to the number of barriers. There was a significant difference among four specific types of barriers (i.e. Psychological, Administrative, Physical/Health, Knowledge) with barriers of the knowledge dimension being most often identified.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intravaginal morphine: an alternative route of administration.

The availability of various dosage forms allows morphine to be administered in a number of ways. However, if the oral and rectal routes are not feasible, the parenteral one may appear to be the only viable option. Morphine was administered by the intravaginal route in a 44-year-old woman as an alternative to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. The dosage forms included sustained- and immediate-release tablets as well as regular suppositories. The initial dosage was calculated according to guidelines for switching to oral administration and titrated to response. Adequate pain control was achieved, but due to unpredictable bioavailability, close monitoring was essential.

Administration, Intravaginal↗