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G Raynaud

Publications and source records attributed to G Raynaud.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Current status of the activity of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in animal pharmacology].

Most tests used for the screening of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are not completely specific but they give satisfactory results when they are used in battery. In cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are very active against acute emesis but delayed and anticipatory vomiting remains difficult to cure. Potential activities of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists as neuroleptics, anxiolytics and agents useful against dependence and cognitive disorders pose some problems in animal psychopharmacology and remain to be clinically validated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of delayed and nonunions of the humeral shaft using the Seidel locking nail: a preliminary report of five cases.

We report the treatment of five cases of delayed/or nonunions of the humerous using the Seidel locking nail. Union occurred in all cases despite two distal unscrewings. Shoulder motion was pain free, with slightly restricted abduction. No subacromial impingement occurred. Elbow motion was slightly limited in extension in two elderly patients, most likely because of previous immobilization. This method of treatment therefore seems to be of value because it avoids iatrogenic risk to the radial nerve and the possible need for bone grafting.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Severe anterior sprains of the knee. Ligamentoplasty using the patellar tendon and reinforcement].

One hundred four severe knee sprains, treated by ligamentoplasty, according to Marshall-MacIntosh, with a Kennedy polypropylene ligament augmentation device, were reviewed with an average follow-up of 31 months. The functional result was evaluated as good or excellent in 3 out of the 4 cases; 87% of the sportsmen were satisfied. The result was unsatisfactory in 26% of the cases, with rupture or an elongation of the transplant in 9 cases (8.6%), due for some patients to premature resumption of sports; in 4 cases reoperation was necessary. A failure is always possible, even with an augmentation; however, with a ligament augmentation device, early rehabilitation and sports are possible (after an average of 6 months). There was no intolerance: 2 cases of synovitis, with a rupture, were observed. The authors underscore the ill effects of a delay between the accident and the stabilization, which causes numerous lesions of the menisci and the cartilage. This is generally admitted in the literature. The ligament augmentation device has been used for 3 years; the operation is performed after the acute phase of the first lesions and at the latest during the first year after the injury, before secondary lesions of the menisci occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Osteosynthesis by plate in fractures of the distal end of the radius].

The authors recall the place of apposed plate fixation of fractures of the lower end of the radius, most of which are anterior. The ideal indication is the simple fracture by articular or supra-articular, compression-flexion. The importance of modelling and positioning of the plate is emphasised. The use of other types of fixation for composite systems is possible in complex fractures. Anatomical reconstruction must be obtained to ensure a satisfactory functional result.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1993

Echinococcus granulosus:isoprinosine treatment of the metacestode stage.

The efficacy of short- and long-term treatments with Isoprinosine, an immunomodulatory compound, was studied in Echinococcus granulosus cysts developed in NMRI mice intraperitoneally infected with sheep pulmonary cysts. After treatment, a reduction in the size and number of cysts with macroscopic modifications was observed. The structural alterations included damage or destruction of the protoscoleces and partial destruction of the cyst wall, which predominated at the inner germinal layer level. The efficacy of this drug was evaluated after long-term and short-term treatment. Short-term treatment with a dose of 1 g/kg/day gave better results, with a loss of infectivity of the larval tissue. The well-tolerated long-term treatment with a dose of 2 g/kg/day showed the absence of toxicity of this compound. The survival time of treated animals was greater than that of untreated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Serotonin-induced stimulation of cortisol secretion from human adrenocortical tissue is mediated through activation of a serotonin4 receptor subtype.

The occurrence of serotonin in the human adrenal gland was demonstrated both by immuno-histochemical and biochemical approaches. Using specific polyclonal antibodies to serotonin, the presence of numerous immunoreactive cells was revealed by means of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. These cells exhibited the morphological characteristics of mast cells. Combination of high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection showed the presence of substantial amounts of both serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in adrenocortical extracts. The role of serotonin in the regulation of steroidogenesis from human adrenocortical slices was studied in vitro using a perifusion system technique coupled to a specific radioimmunoassay for cortisol. Graded doses of serotonin (from 10(-8) M to 3 x 10(-7) M) increased cortisol production in a dose-dependent manner. Prolonged exposure of adrenal fragments to serotonin (10(-7) M) induced a biphasic response, i.e. a rapid and transient increase in cortisol secretion followed by a plateau phase, suggesting the existence of a desensitization phenomenon. The stimulatory effect of serotonin (10(-7) M) was not altered during infusion of the serotonin1 and/or serotonin2 receptor antagonists methysergide (10(-6) M) and ketanserin (10(-6) M), respectively. In contrast, ICS 205 930 (10(-6) M), a non-selective serotonin3/serotonin4 antagonist, totally abolished the response of adrenal slices to serotonin (10(-7) M). The benzamide derivative zacopride, considered as a serotonin4 agonist, induced a robust stimulation of cortisol secretion. In addition, the corticotropic effects of serotonin (10(-7) M) and zacopride (10(-6) M) were not additive. Incubation of adrenocortical fragments with zacopride (10(-6) M) or serotonin (10(-6) M) caused a significant increase in cAMP formation. Taken together, these data suggest that serotonin, locally released by intra-adrenal mast-like cells, may act as a paracrine factor to stimulate cortisol secretion in man. Our results also indicate that serotonin-induced corticosteroid production is mediated through activation of a serotonin4 receptor subtype positively coupled to adenylate cyclase.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1992

Effects of multiple doses of isoprinosine on Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes.

Isoprinosine was given at daily doses of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 g kg-1 of body weight to jirds that were infected for 3 months with Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. The effects of the different drug doses on metacestodes were studied by transmission electron microscopy and biochemical methods. At lower doses, increases in uric acid and adenosine deaminase activity were noted. At 4 g kg-1 of body weight, marked ultrastructural damage with metabolic perturbations was observed.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1991

Treatment of experimental alveolar echinococcosis: comparative study of mebendazole, isoprinosine and a mebendazole isoprinosine association.

A comparative biochemical study of the effects of mebendazole and Isoprinosine used separately or associated was conducted in six-month old gerbils infected three months ago by Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes. Mebendazole treatment induced a decrease of glucose (81%) whereas Isoprinosine increased the glucose uptake in the parasite. The combination of the two drugs led to a decrease of about 40% of the glucose concentration. The specific activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases were also modified. Isoprinosine seemed more effective when used alone than associated with mebendazole with the chosen procedure of treatment.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

[Tissue binding of orally administered bismuth in the rat. Effect of the digestive microbial flora].

Strains of E. coli and Str. faecalis, which do not darken in the presence of Bismuth in vitro, and which had been previously isolated from faeces of patients having presented bismuthic myoclonic encephalopathy, were implanted in the digestive tract of axenic rats. Then these monoxenic rats were treated orally for 15 days with bismuth subnitrate (0,24 millimoles = 50 mg/animal/day) and sacrificed on day 16. At this time, levels of bismuth in blood, brain, kidney and femur from these rats did not significantly differ from those obtained from axenic rats or monoxenic rats implanted with the homologous bacterial strains which darken in the presence of bismuth. Conversely, under the same conditions, levels of bismuth in kidney, muscle and femur were significantly lower in holoxenic rats than in axenic rats. Levels of bismuth in kidney and femur were also significantly lower in holoxenic rats than in monoxenic rats implanted with one of the four bacterial strains mentioned above.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Activation of melanogenesis in the beagle by a vasodilator, mecinarone.

Mecinarone (18.25 mg/kg twice a day orally for 6 months) induces an increase in melanin content of pigmented skin and mucosae in the Beagle dog. This effect is reversible. This effect is not due to a central or an endocrine mechanism because plasma levels of M.S.H., A.C.T.H. and cortisol remain normal. High levels of Mecinarone are found in melanized areas (skin, hair and non tapetal area of the eye). This effect is reversible. In contrast wih the Beagle, studies in pigmented guinea-pig and rabbit have been negative.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

[Cesium].

Cesium is an alkaline metal close to Rubidium, which is studied in psychopharmacology in the prospect of a possible antidepressive effect. It has stimulating properties of the motor activity on the animal, antagonizes some sedative substances but does not modify either self-stimulation behaviour or induced agressivity. Given in large doses, Cesium presents hypertensive effects bound with a stimulation of the adrenal Epinephrine secretion. As for the synapses Cesium increases the neuro-transmitter release. However the Norepinephrine turn-over is not modified in the central nervous system while that of Serotonin is increased as well as the cerebral concentrations of Tryptophan, Serotonin and 5.HIAA. These very fragmentary data about the toxico-pharmacological properties of Cesium, as well as the very prolonged half-life of this ion (from 50 to 100 days), explain that contrary to Rubidium it has not still been used in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Hepato- and thyreotoxicity of tifemoxone.

The oral toxicity of Tifemoxone, phenoxymethyl-6 tetrahydroxazine-1, 3 thione-2, a new potential antidepressant was studied during 6 months in rats at 30, 85 and 230 mg/kg/d and in beagle dogs at 10, 55 and 300 mg/kg/d. Thyroid hyperplasia and hypoactivity were observed in the rats and dogs plasma triiodothyronine, determined in dogs, was modified. A dose dependent hepatotoxic effect was observed in the rats and dogs. In dogs at low dose, one animal died after B.S.P. test. Water consumption and urinary volume increased, weight loss and anemia appeared at high doses in both rats and dogs. Hair loss was observed in rats and convulsions in dogs. In conclusion, Tifemoxone like tetrahydroxazine thione and some derivatives caused thyreotoxicity, hairlessness and increased in water comsumption and diuresis and in addition it had strong hepatotoxic effect especially in the dog.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Results of a double-blind medium-term study comparing effects of timolol maleate and epinephrine in 120 patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma].

A double-blind medium term study of the activity of timolol in chronic open-angle glaucoma was conducted in four French ophthalmological centers, using the same protocol. A total of 119 patients were treated: --60 with timolol; --59 with épinéphrine, for comparison. Results showed a significantly superior efficacy for timolol over épinéphrine, after in weeks of treatment. Good tonometric control was obtained in 81.6% of the patients treated with timolol, against 52.5% of those receiving épinéphrine. In 68% of the glaucomatons patients treated with timolol, good tonometric control was obtained with the lowest dose preparation containing 0.1%. No side-effects were noted during the study, either locally or generally (particularly blood pressure changes).

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

Effect of toloxatone on behaviour of primates.

1. The effects of (3-methyl)-3-phenyl-5-hydroxy-methyl-2-oxazolidinone (toloxatone) were studied on the behaviour of three species of primates: baboon, rhesus monkeys and chimpanzee. 2. The activity against reserpine-induced depression is observed in baboon as in rodents. 2. The administration of toloxatone induces three effects which probably have the same origin: suppression of feeding inhibition of the subordinate baboon, improvement of escape reaction in the conditioned chimpanzee, increase in general activity and the active component of social behaviour in grouped rhesus monkeys. These three effects can be interpreted as resulting from the stimulating effect of toloxatone, or more precisely from a disinhibiting effect. 4. Contrary to amphetamine, toloxatone does not induce, even at high or repeated doses, behavioural disturbances.

Administration, Oral↗