Screening of anti-M. leprae antibodies in the blood samples eluted from filter paper blood blots.
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Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Biomedical subjects
G Ramu
Publications and source records attributed to G Ramu.
Sub clinical infection and the relative risk of developing leprosy: a statistical approach.
Subclinical infection in contacts of leprosy patients was identified by FLA-ABS test and Serum Antibody Competition Test (SACT). The risk of developing leprosy and the confidence intervals were worked out. The importance of expressing the risk ratio and confidence interval of the tests is brought out. This method is a useful adjunct to the routine statistical methods in epidemiological studies.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Results of a modified WHO regimen in highly bacilliferous BL/LL patients.
A regimen consisting of 600 mg of rifampin once a month, 100 mg of clofazimine on alternate days, and 100 mg of dapsone daily was used in 56 untreated, highly bacillated borderline lepromatous/lepromatous (BL/LL) patients with an average bacterial index (BI) of 4.45. Treatment was continued until skin-smear negativity. After 2 years of therapy, none of the patients had become smear negative and the average BI was 2.56. There was no growth on inoculation of skin-tissue biopsies in the normal mouse foot pad after 6 months of therapy. Bacillemia was still detectable in 11/50 patients, and significant ATP levels were detected in Mycobacterium leprae from skin-tissue biopsies in 16% of the cases. After 3 years of therapy, three patients had become smear negative. The average BI was 1.30. None of the patients had detectable bacillemia, and 5% of the cases showed detectable ATP levels in M. leprae from tissue biopsies. After 4 years of therapy, 41.7% of the patients had become smear negative. The average BI was 0.66, and no ATP was detected in any of the purified bacillary suspensions. The fall in BI was accelerated, and more patients on continued treatment became negative earlier compared to those having treatment for a limited duration, as reported by others.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Investigations into the haemolytic effects of dapsone therapy in leprosy patients.
Investigations into the haemolytic effects of dapsone therapy were carried out in forty four leprosy patients admitted to the Sacred Heart Leprosy Centre, Kumbakonam. They received weight based dapsone dosages varying from 1.3-3.3 mg/kg body weight. Blood levels and urinary Dapsone/creatinine ratio were assessed at 1 day, 7 days and 30 days of Dapsone treatment. At the same points of time, haematological observations were also carried out. Serum bilirubin as well as blood mathaemoglobin were also examined. The findings showed a reduction in Hb levels at 30 days observation in a good proportion of cases on 100 mg. In one case (child) weighing 15 kg and receiving 50 mg dapsone increased mathaemoglobin was observed. It is suggested that dapsone dosage be regulated to body weight and preferably not to exceed 1.5 mg/kg body weight.
Adolescent↗
Dermatoglyphics in leprosy: (III) Creases of palm.
Palmar configurations of triradii and creases of 100 leprosy patients [50 lepromatous (BL/LL) and 50 tuberculoid (BT/LL)] were compared with those of 100 normal persons selected from families of these patients. The patterns of position of triradii were similar in controls and leprosy patients as such. But, the patterns in the two types of leprosy patients were different. As for palmar creases patterns, there was significant difference between those of controls and patients, double radial base crease occurring more often in patients. However, the differences between the two types of patients were not statistically significant.
Dermatoglyphics↗
Relapses in paucibacillary patients after treatment with three short-term regimens containing rifampin.
Three multidrug regimens all containing rifampin and dapsone have been tried for the treatment of 278 cases of paucibacillary leprosy. Regimen I was the one recommended by the WHO Study Group. Regimen II was the same as Regimen I with depsone alone continued for a further 6 months. Regimen III was the same as Regimen II but rifampin was given daily for the first 7 days. The patients were comparable with regard to disease classification, lepromin status, bacteriological status, and number of lesions. As reported earlier, the disease inactivity rates by 1 year of treatment were much greater with Regimens II and III than with Regimen I (94% and 97% vs 76%). Early reaction was seen in 6% of those in Regimen III and in none in Regimens I and II. Late reaction was observed in 9% of those in Regimen I and none in Regimens II and III. During 3 1/2 years of follow up, 13% of the cases in Regimen I, 1% in Regimen II, and 2% in Regimen III relapsed. Since the patients in the three regimens were otherwise comparable, it is concluded that the high inactivity rate, low relapse rate (1%-2%), and no early or late reaction as observed in Regimen II patients were because of adequate treatment.
Adult↗
Isolation, purification and quantification of phenolic glycolipid-1 from human leprosy skin tissues.
Phenolic glycolipid-I, a marker lipid of Mycobacterium leprae, was isolated from skin biopsies obtained from untreated lepromatous leprosy patients by silicic acid and florisil column chromatography and purified by thin layer chromatography. Tissues with varying bacillary loads were analysed for their phenolic glycolipid content. A good correlation was observed between the bacillary population of the tissues and the phenolic glycolipid content.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
In vitro methods for determination of viability of mycobacteria: comparison of ATP content, morphological index and FDA-EB fluorescent staining in Mycobacterium leprae.
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Adenosine Triphosphate↗
Pyrazinamide as a part of combination therapy for BL and LL patients--a preliminary report.
Pyrazinamide in a dose of 1500 mg was given to 63 borderline lepromatous (BL) and lepromatous (LL) leprosy patients on different drug regimens for the initial 2 months of therapy. Fifty-one BL and LL patients were put on the same drug regimens without pyrazinamide. There was a rapid and good clinical improvement in the patients in both of the groups. At the end of 2 years, the patients who received pyrazinamide had a morphological index (MI) of zero as compared to those patients who did not receive pyrazinamide, some of whom still had solidly staining bacilli. One out of 20 (5%) scrotal (smooth muscle) biopsies of the patients who received pyrazinamide had growth in the mouse foot pad as compared to 9 out of 38 (23.7%) smooth muscle biopsies of the patients who did not receive pyrazinamide. At the end of 5 years, the patients who received pyrazinamide had slightly better results compared with the non-pyrazinamide group. Pyrazinamide appears to have some effect against persisters in multibacillary leprosy. A well-controlled, randomized trial with longer duration of pyrazinamide therapy in a larger group of patients needs to be carried out to unequivocally determine the exact role of pyrazinamide in leprosy.
Adolescent↗
Leprosy deformities. II. As parameters to monitor the effectivity of leprosy control programme.
Leprosy deformities have been considered as the main reason for dehabilitation and social ostracism. Prevention of deformities is considered as one of the most important objectives of leprosy control programme. In present work based on deformity status, efforts have been made to evolve new parameters and their possible application in assessment of leprosy control programme.
Age Factors↗
Poona District Leprosy Committee annual report for 1985-86.
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Annual Reports as Topic↗
Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation annual report for 1985-86.
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Annual Reports as Topic↗
A follow up study of borderline tuberculoid leprosy under sulphone monotherapy.
A retrospective study is presented herewith of 94 cases classified as BT and treated with sulphone monotherapy. A system of scoring based on the number and extent of lesions, and nerve involvement was followed. It was observed that cases with a clinical score of 2 or having more than 15 lesions or patients with extensive lesions covering 3 or more of 7 sectors of the body had a bad prognosis in respect of time taken for subsidence, occurrence of deformities and most importantly occurrence of relapses. Hence it is suggested that such cases should be considered as Multibacillary and treated as such, despite bacteriological findings which may be either negative or a bacteriological positivity of less than 2 at any one site.
Biopsy↗
Leprosy deformities. I. An epidemiological study in a rural area of Rajasthan.
Leprosy deformities have been the cause of dehabilitation, destitution and social ostracism. Present study was planned and conducted in a rural area situated in eastern districts of Rajasthan. Out of 426 cases of leprosy, ninety cases were found suffering with deformities. The influences of various host factors and disease factors, in causation of deformities have been discussed.
Age Factors↗
T and B cells in borderline (BB) leprosy.
The response to standard Dharmendra lepromin and the circulating T, B cell numbers in the peripheral blood were quantitated in 15 patients with Borderline (BB) Leprosy. On the basis of lepromin response, the patients fall into three groups (a) negative (b) +/- reaction (c) rarely positive. No significant difference in the numbers of E-rosette and EAC rosette forming cells was observed in the BB patients in comparison to controls.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Soluble antigen of M. leprae coupled with liposomes elicits both "early" and "late" delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions.
The soluble antigen(s) of Mycobacterium leprae was(were) coupled to liposomes and used for skin testing of leprosy patients, hoping that this mode of antigen presentation would be identical to that of integral lepromin. The liposomized antigen(s) elicited both early (24-48 hr) and late (3-4 weeks) delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, true to the nature of lepromin, unlike the soluble antigen(s) alone which elicit(s) only the early reaction.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Immunohistologic comparison between armadillo-derived leprosin and standard lepromin skin tests in leprosy patients.
A comparison was made on the in situ immunological characteristics of dermal infiltrates of early (24-hour) and late (3-4 weeks) skin reactions in leprosy patients. The skin reactions were induced by armadillo-derived leprosin coupled to liposomes and standard Dharmendra lepromin. Most lymphocytes in the early reaction induced by both antigens were positive for Leu 4, Leu 3a, OKT8 and Ia like antigens indicating thereby the presence of activated T cells. The ratio of Leu 3a/OKT8+ cells were similar. In the late reaction elicited by both antigens, the lymphocytes in the granulomas were predominantly activated T lymphocytes expressing Leu 4, Leu 3a, OKT8 and Ia like antigens. Leu 3a+ cells were scattered diffusely amidst the epithelioid cells. In contrast, the OKT8+ cells were present mainly as 'a ring' in the periphery of the granuloma. A similar ratio of Leu 3a+/OKT8+ cells was observed in these granulomas. Macrophages in the granulomas expressed Ia like antigens. These observations indicate that the immunological characteristics of dermal infiltrates in the skin reaction induced by armadillo-derived leprosin coupled to liposomes and standard Dharmendra lepromin appear to be identical.
Animals↗