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Biomedical subjects

G R Ogden

Publications and source records attributed to G R Ogden.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Assessment of p53 protein expression in normal, benign, and malignant oral mucosa.

Recent studies have shown the accumulation of high levels of p53 protein to be associated with malignant disease, within a range of tissues. This paper assesses p53 expression in oral mucosal disease. Biopsies were obtained from a range of oral disorders which included normal, benign, premalignant, and malignant oral tissue. In addition, oral smears were obtained from a limited number of patients with biopsy-proven oral cancer. Expression of the p53 protein was assessed using the polyclonal antibody CM1, together with a standard immunoperoxidase technique. A total of 37 oral cancers were assessed, of which 20 were found to express the p53 protein (54 per cent of cases). The p53 protein was not identified in normal, benign, or premalignant oral mucosa (54 cases). The identification of p53 within biopsies of oral mucosal lesions would appear to correlate with oral malignancy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Cytokeratin expression in oral exfoliative cytology: effect of temperature and fixation.

The identification of keratin expression within oral cytology may be useful in the diagnosis of clinically suspicious oral mucosal lesions. There may be wide variation in the temperature at which such smears are stored, prior to processing. Conventionally, rapid fixation or storage at low temperatures is recommended to preserve kertin expression within tissue biopsies. No previous study has assessed whether this is true for oral cytology. Smears were taken from clinically normal buccal mucosa. For each temperature assessed (-70, -40, -22, +5, +20 and +26 degrees C), one smear was spray-fixed (Vale Smear Fix) and one air-dried, prior to storage for 4 days, and then staining with the pan-epithelial antikeratin antibody, LP34. Preservation of keratin expression was assessed as either weak (zero to few positive cells) or strong (most cells positive). The results were analysed using logistic regression with the statistical modelling package, GLIM. Over the range of temperatures studied, spray fixation did not appear to improve the identification of keratin expression. Although the best preservation was obtained at lower temperatures, keratin expression was still adequate after 4 days at 20 degrees C. Hence, a delay in processing of 4 days would still allow detectable expression in oral exfoliative cytology even at room temperature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Preservation of keratin expression in oral mucosa using a novel transport medium.

Cellular expression of keratins (intermediate filaments) can be demonstrated by immunocytochemistry using unfixed tissue. However, for practical reasons, provision of fresh tissue to the laboratory is often difficult. Recently a fresh tissue transport medium (Patent applied for) has been developed which allows keratin immunocytochemistry to be performed up to 4 days after biopsy. In this study oral mucosal biopsies from 10 patients were hemisected, half placed in the new transport medium at 4 degrees C and the other half immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. After 4 days frozen sections of both halves of the biopsies were stained by immunocytochemistry using various antikeratin antibodies. The morphology and staining characteristics of the two halves of the biopsies were then assessed. No significant difference could be found in either morphology or preservation of keratin expression in specimens stored in transport medium, as compared to those in liquid nitrogen. This new transport medium may offer considerable advantage for the provision of a histologic and immunocytochemical diagnostic service.

Cacodylic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Cytokeratin profiles in dyskeratosis congenita: an immunocytochemical investigation of lingual hyperkeratosis.

In dyskeratosis congenita, the hyperkeratotic lesions affecting the mucous membranes have a propensity to undergo malignant change. Unfortunately there is presently no reliable method for predicting such an outcome. Oral mucosal biopsies were obtained from a case of dyskeratosis congenita and keratin expression identified using a panel of antikeratin antibodies. Marked changes were found from keratin profiles established for normal oral mucosa. In particular coexpression of three separate type 1 keratins (K16, K10 and K13) were observed in the ventral tongue lesion. The keratin pattern found in the tissue biopsies examined is suggestive of an unusually immature or disturbed state of tissue differentiation, and as such may be indicative of future malignant change.

Child↗
PubMed1992

p53 protein in odontogenic cysts: increased expression in some odontogenic keratocysts.

AIMS: To assess p53 protein expression in a range of odontogenic cysts arising in the mouth, including those of developmental and inflammatory origin. METHODS: p53 protein was identified using the polyclonal antibody CM-1, together with a standard immunoperoxidase technique. A total of 36 cystic lesions were examined, all of which were histologically benign. RESULTS: Expression of p53 protein was identified within the lining of five of 12 odontogenic keratocysts but was not detected in the other cystic lesions in the series. CONCLUSIONS: This is believed to be the first report that identifies increased expression of p53 protein in benign cystic epithelium. The increased expression of p53 protein in the nucleus is usually associated with malignant disease. These findings are relevant to the management of odontogenic keratocysts which have a tendency to recur, and also to Gorlin Goltz syndrome in which keratocysts and multiple basal cell carcinomas are features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Detection of field change in oral cancer using oral exfoliative cytologic study.

Four smears were taken from the normal buccal mucosa of 55 oral cancer patients and 76 cancer-free patients. In each case, two were stained by the Papanicolaou method and two underwent Feulgen hydrolysis. Quantitative assessment of nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) of the Papanicolaou smears was undertaken using a semiautomatic image analysis system. DNA profiles were assessed from the Feulgen smears using a Vickers M85 microdensitometer (Vickers Instruments, York, England) and were found to be diploid for all patients. Results were then analyzed with respect to those patients who took alcohol, tobacco, combination of alcohol and tobacco, and those who took neither. A significant reduction in CA for the oral cancer group (P equals 0.001) but no change in NA (P equals 0.74) was observed. A detailed analysis of alcohol and tobacco habits could identify no significant role for these two factors, in the reduction in cytoplasmic area. Such field change may prove to be of value in predicting the development of second malignant tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Gillies method for fractured zygomas: an analysis of 105 cases.

This prospective study analyzed 105 cases treated using the Gillies temporal approach for fractures of the zygoma. In 97 cases (92%) this was sufficient. Only eight cases required open reduction. It is suggested that the Gillies method be used more frequently, because it is associated with minimal morbidity and a short duration of general anesthesia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative cytology of oral smears. A comparison of two methods of measurement.

Previous quantitative cytologic studies employing planimetry to assess oral smears established a "discriminant line" for separating normal and abnormal cases. The use of the Vids V semiautomatic image analysis system to make these measurements was analyzed to determine whether the results obtained by the two methods were comparable. In measuring the same cells by both methods, no significant variation in nuclear size was detected; however, there was a statistically significant variation in the measurements of cytoplasmic area. Further analysis suggested that the cytoplasmic areas differed by a constant amount, not a constant proportion, between the two methods; this may be due to the ability of the Vids V system to more clearly display the cell boundaries. The appropriateness of techniques for comparing different methods is discussed.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed1990

The effect of distant malignancy upon quantitative cytologic assessment of normal oral mucosa.

In 1962 Nieburgs et al. reported specific changes within cells taken from normal buccal mucosa, in those with malignant disease distant from the oral cavity. Few have attempted to confirm these findings. Given the potential application of the observations of Nieburgs et al., a quantitative investigation seemed necessary. Two groups were studied: 40 patients with malignant disease outside the oral cavity and 40 healthy patients attending for routine dental treatment. Both groups were matched for age and sex, with anemia excluded. Quantitative cytologic assessment of nuclear (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) and DNA distribution (using DNA cytophotometric study) were calculated from cells in normal buccal mucosal smears. No significant difference in NA (P = 0.28) was found between the two groups. However, a significant reduction in CA (P = 0.005) was found within the distant malignancy group. DNA distribution was invariably diploid. Previous studies on the effect of distant malignancy and nutritional deficiency have concentrated on examination of the nucleus, with exclusion of the cytoplasm. Important changes, such as the one reported, may therefore have gone unrecorded, particularly since oral smears have rarely been quantitatively assessed. The cause of this decrease in CA in distant malignancy patients is discussed with regard to the patients' nutritional state. The buccal smear may yet prove of value in assessing nutritional deficiency consequent to internal malignancy.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1990

Evidence of field change in oral cancer.

Evidence of field change in oral cancer was assessed using quantitative cytomorphometric analysis of smears taken from normal buccal mucosa in oral cancer and cancer-free patients. The nuclear areas (NA) and cytoplasmic areas (CA) were calculated using a semi-automatic image analysis system. A statistically significant reduction in CA (p = 0.002) but no change in NA was observed for the oral cancer group. This change occurred irrespective of tobacco and alcohol usage. We believe this to be the first evidence for true field change since Slaughter's original hypothesis in 1946.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

An analysis of mandibular fractures in Dundee, Scotland (1977 to 1985).

A retrospective study was undertaken to assess mandibular fractures presenting over the period 1977-1985 in Dundee, Scotland. The data collected included age, sex, aetiology, month in which injury occurred, anatomical site of fracture, associated maxillofacial trauma and treatment modalities. The majority of fractures were sustained by males in the age group 20 to 29 years. Assault was the major cause of trauma followed by falls and road traffic accidents. The posterior body region was found to be the most common fracture site in the mandible. The level of such trauma has more than doubled, since a similar study was undertaken between the years 1961 to 1970.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative exfoliative cytology of normal buccal mucosa: effect of smoking.

The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral mucosa was assessed through the application of quantitative cytomorphometric analysis to smears obtained from clinically normal buccal mucosa. The nuclear (NA) and cytoplasmic (CA) area of cells within each smear were measured using a Vids V semi-automatic image analysis system. Mean values for NA (smokers--78.74 microns 2, non-smokers--72.28 microns 2 and for CA (smokers--3273.9 microns 2, non-smokers--3098.96 microns 2) were obtained. A two-sample t-test revealed a significant elevation in NA for smokers, but no significant variation in CA between the two groups. These results would suggest that for normal buccal mucosa smoking does appear to influence cytomorphology.

Aged↗