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Biomedical subjects

G R Hall

Publications and source records attributed to G R Hall.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Managing the care of patients with irreversible dementia during hospitalization for comorbidities.

Caring for the patient with AD hospitalized with comorbidities is a nursing challenge. By educating staff, using the PLST model, working with families, and implementing patient-focused care, positive outcomes are not only possible but probable. It is important for staff to work with caregivers in all aspects of care of the patient incorporating the patient's personal and medical historical knowledge into the care plan. Nursing facilities and families can provide a wealth of information, and communication before and after hospitalization maximizes positive outcomes for all concerned.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1991

Whole disease care planning: fitting the program to the client with Alzheimer's disease.

Care of the person with a chronic dementing illness is best approached from a conceptual perspective. As the "whole disease care planning" model demonstrates, care is logically derived from knowledge of the client's premorbid characteristics, and intervention strategies develop from following the individual's daily routine and simplifying it as the disease progresses. Although it is impossible to discuss the entire scope of care planning for demented adults in a brief article, this information can help nurses determine which intervention strategies to pursue based on the sociocultural background of clients and their level of functional loss. The desired outcomes at all levels of care include maximizing the potential for safe function by controlling for excess disability and providing appropriate levels of assistance; participation in activities as desired by the client; and minimizing discomfort and maximizing expressions of comfort.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Care of the patient with Alzheimer's disease living at home.

Although the majority of people with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders are cared for in the home for most of their illness, there are few resources available on a consistent basis for nursing interaction. Nurses employed in a variety of settings provide ongoing information and support for families and caregivers in order to provide well-informed care. Because of the complexity of symptom presentation and care, the use of a simple conceptual model can be a valuable aid, helping families to understand behavioral alterations. The evaluation of behaviors as stress related assists both families and caregivers in determining the cause and effect of activities and environment to assist in enhancing comfort and life quality for both.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Escalating costs for cancer chemotherapy.

The annual costs of chemotherapeutic agents from 1975 to 1980 were determined, and the impact on a hospital's budget of new chemotherapeutic agents marketed during this period was evaluated. Pharmacy purchasing records for the antineoplastics were reviewed retrospectively to determine fiscal year (FY) costs. Statistics from the Consumer Price Index report and hospital patient load were used to project an adjusted annual cost for cancer chemotherapy. The annual expenditures for seven agents marketed in the past five years were expressed as a percentage of the pharmacy's budget. In addition, the oncology clinic records for the past four years were reviewed to assess trends in the number of visits and quantity of drugs prescribed. Analysis indicated that the costs of antineoplastic drugs have risen from $10,156 for FY 1973-1974 to $296,914 for FY 1979-1980. Antineoplastic drug costs have risen from 5.74 to 16.74% of the total drug budget during the same period. Only a portion of the increase in costs could be attributed to increased patient load and inflation. The percentage of patients receiving chemotherapy has reached a plateau, and the quantity of agents being prescribed was not found to be increasing. It was concluded that the rise in cost tends to follow the recent commercial availability of several new antineoplastics, especially doxorubicin. Cancer drug costs will continue to represent a large portion of the total hospital budget in the future and budgets must be planned accordingly.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1980

Indacrinone: modification of diuretic, uricosuric, and kaliuretic actions by amiloride.

The response to indacrinone, a new indanone diuretic, was studied in 12 healthy subjects. Ten milligrams alone and in combination with either 2.5 mg or 5 mg amiloride was given in a randomized double-blind study with placebo control to study its action and to assess the optimum combination. Indacrinone alone induced an increase in urine flow rate and in sodium, potassium, and hydrogen ion excretion for at least 8 hr. Indacrinone also induced an initial uricosuria in the first 4 hr, followed by urate retention in the subsequent 12 to 24 hr, with no resultant change in the mean 24-hr urate excretion and minimal changes in the serum urate concentrations. The addition of 2.5 mg amiloride to the 10 mg indacrinone lowered potassium excretion to control levels, whereas addition of 5 mg amiloride resulted in net retention of potassium. With both doses of amiloride, the increased free hydrogen ion excretion after indacrinone returned to placebo levels. There were minor increases in serum creatinine, consistent with volume depletion due to the diuresis. There was a reduction in urinary calcium excretion. Our study shows that the combination of 10 mg indacrinone and 2.5 mg amiloride induces useful diuresis with minimal overall effect on urate, potassium, and hydrogen ion excretion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The biological basis of behavioral symptoms in dementia.

This article describes the pathophysiology of dementia and differentiates between cognitive and noncognitive symptoms that characterize this devastating illness. Relationships between brain anatomic and neurochemical systems and behavioral symptoms of dementia are discussed. An overview of the etiologies and neuro-pathologies of dementia are presented as they relate to impairments in memory and intellectual abilities, personality changes, and behavioral symptoms. Recent genetic and molecular discoveries that have advanced our understanding of this complex spectrum of disorders and their treatment(s) are also highlighted.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stem corrections for ionization chambers.

Ionization chambers often exhibit a stem effect, caused by interactions of radiation with air near the chamber end, or with dielectric in the chamber stem or cable. These interactions contribute to the apparent measured exposure. To determine the stem efffect for several common ionization chamber systems, exposures were measured with TLD capsules placed at the center of 60Co fields of various sizes. These exposure measurements then were repeated with various ionization chamber systems, including two Victoreen R meters (25- and 100-R chambers), a Capintec 192 dosimeter with a Farmer 0.6-cm3 probe, a PTW transit dose probe, and an EG and G IC-18 probe with a Keithley 610-B electrometer. From a comparison of TLD and ionization chamber measurements of the variation in exposure rate with field size, stem corrections for the different systems were determined within 1%.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗