Sugars from Sphacelia sorghi honeydew.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G R Gray.
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Guanosine tetraphosphate, recently discovered to mediate the regulatory relationship between protein synthesis and RNA accumulation in various bacteria, has been synthesized in vitro in large quantities and analyzed by natural-abundance (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to confirm its structure and establish the positions of phosphate attachment. These studies have established its structure as guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 3'-diphosphate.
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Two unrelated Chinese-Canadian families with recurrent hydrops fetalis are described. The investigation, acid-base and blood gas studies, and clinical course of one hydropic fetus with large amounts of hemoglobin Bart's who survived for three hours are described. Data for the parents of both families, consistent with the alphathalassemia carrier state, are presented.
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Admission screening was performed on 684 Chinese-Canadian patients for thalassemia, abnormal hemoglobins and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. Thirty-six healthy Chinese adults were also studied. The incidence of beta-thalassemia minor (hemoglobin A(2) greater than 3.5%) was 3.8%. Presumptive alpha-thalassemia minor (demonstration of occasional red cells containing hemoglobin H inclusion bodies) was found in 6.7%. Two patients had findings consistent with alpha-beta-thalassemia. The incidence of G-6-PD deficiency (abnormal methemoglobin reduction test) in adult males was 4.7%. In a parallel study the incidence of hemoglobin Bart's in 310 Chinese newborns was 6.8%. Two mutant hemoglobins were found - hemoglobin E and hemoglobin J (Bangkok).
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A retrospective analysis was performed on 70 patients with diabetes mellitus who required nutritional support over the 10-yr period 1979-1989. Information was available for 65 patients, of whom 55 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Enteral nutrition (EN, 750-2200 kcal/day) was given to 40 NIDDM patients (group A) and 6 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients (group B), and parenteral nutrition (PN, 1600-2400 kcal/day) was given to 18 NIDDM patients (group C) and 4 IDDM patients (group D). Three NIDDM patients required both types of feeding. Preadmission diabetes treatment remained the same during feeding for 31% of the total group (38% of group A, 33% of group B, 23% of group C, and 0% of group D). The NIDDM patients in group C who received insulin during PN required a high daily dose of approximately 100 U. The IDDM patients on PN required an increase of 225% from their preadmission daily dose. The likelihood of a patient requiring a major change from preadmission diabetes therapy depended mainly on the severity of the underlying illness and on the type of feeding (greater with PN) but not on preadmission therapy, age of patient, or type of EN (cyclic vs. continuous). Hypoglycemic episodes were uncommon in all groups. There were no significant differences between the prefeeding and feeding blood glucose levels and HbA1c results.