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Biomedical subjects

G R Cosgrove

Publications and source records attributed to G R Cosgrove.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Intracerebral cavernous angiomas.

We studied 31 patients with histologically verified intracerebral cavernous angiomas. Twenty-two patients were symptomatic; nine were asymptomatic. All 22 symptomatic patients had seizures, three had intracranial hemorrhage, and one had signs of a space-occupying lesion. Twenty-seven lesions were located in the neocortex, three in the brainstem, and one in the cerebellum; all exhibited characteristic gross and microscopic features of cavernous angiomas. CT identified the location and extent of the lesion in 16 of 27 cases. Six of seven lesions demonstrated contrast enhancement, and ten of 27 scans harbored densities consistent with intracerebral calcium. Angiography was performed in 17 cases and was completely normal in eight. MRI revealed mixed signal intensity centrally with a ring of decreased signal intensity peripherally on T2-weighted images and was diagnostic in five cases. Surgical treatment offers an excellent prognosis for seizure control in patients with such lesions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord.

Five cases of histologically verified cavernous angiomas of the spinal cord are reported. Acute lower-extremity sensory disturbance was the initial symptom in four patients, and one presented with weakness of the hand. Progressive neurological deficit occurred in all patients, but the clinical course and outcome were extremely variable. Myelography revealed an intramedullary lesion in two cases but was completely normal in three; magnetic resonance imaging was diagnostic in these patients. Subtotal removal was accomplished in two cases, and myelotomy and biopsy were carried out in three. Four of the cavernous angiomas were located in the cervicothoracic region, whereas one was found in the thoracolumbar cord. All of the patients exhibited characteristic gross and microscopic features as well as hemosiderin-laden macrophages indicating remote hemorrhage. The diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic implications of this rare condition are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Extraaxial ependymoma of the posterior fossa.

A case of extraaxial ependymoma of the posterior fossa, arising along the inferolateral aspect of the left cerebellar hemisphere, is reported. The clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of this lesion are presented. The unusual location of the tumor and its possible origin are discussed in the light of previous experience with other extraaxial ependymomas of the neuraxis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

We studied 24 patients with autopsy-proven cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Eight patients were demented or had some other medical problem and died of pneumonia or systemic disease. Sixteen patients died of intracranial hemorrhage. Amyloid was found in cortical arteries and arterioles of all patients. CT showed diffuse atrophy in demented patients and intracerebral hematomas in the others. The location and size of the hematoma, with cortical and subarachnoid extension, help to differentiate amyloid angiopathy from other causes of intracranial hemorrhage in the elderly.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Traumatic intracranial aneurysm due to arterial injury at surgery. Case report.

A case is presented of false intracranial aneurysm of traumatic origin which developed following direct surgical attack on a congenital anterior communicating artery aneurysm. The secondary aneurysm was discovered on the 25th postoperative day and was clipped at a subsequent procedure. The possible pathophysiology is discussed with respect to other direct vessel injuries.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurosurgical treatment of Tourette's syndrome: a critical review.

Some patients with Tourette's syndrome (TS) remain disabled despite conventional treatment. Recently, neurosurgical procedures have been reported to be potentially effective interventions for such intractable cases. Clinicians are now being asked to make recommendations to patients about these candidate operations. This review explores the reported experience with neurosurgical treatment of TS to assess critically the evidence regarding risks and benefits. Toward that end, the rationale for the various procedures and the relevant neuroanatomy are outlined and recommendations for patient selection and management of future cases are discussed. We reviewed all available published reports on this subject and two unpublished cases, totaling 36 patients. Although a variety of operations have been used to treat TS, there is limited evidence pertaining to the risks or benefits of any surgical procedure. Neurosurgical treatment of TS remains experimental, since there is only anecdotal experience with these operations. Furthermore, there is no compelling evidence that any neurosurgical procedure is superior to all others. If these experimental neurosurgeries are to continue, guidelines should be developed regarding patient and operation selection, and interdisciplinary assessment committees should implement such guidelines at institutions where these operations are performed. Moreover, future cases should be prospectively studied using contemporary technologies to assess lesion placement and size and validated clinical instruments to characterize patients and assess outcome, including adverse effects.

Brain↗