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Biomedical subjects

G R Brown

Publications and source records attributed to G R Brown.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Improved synthetic routes to the novel thromboxane receptor antagonist ICI 192605: activity of synthetic 1,3-dioxane intermediates.

A study of the synthetic routes to the thromboxane receptor antagonist ICI 192605 4(Z)-6-(2-o-chlorophenyl-4-o-hydroxyphenyl-1,3-dioxan-cis-5-yl) hexenoic acid is described which led to an improvement in overall synthetic yield from 20 to 55%. Invitro thromboxane receptor antagonist data are reported for the novel 1,3-dioxane synthetic intermediates. These data indicated that shortening of the side chain in an appropriately substituted 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane (e.g. ICI 180080) from a heptenoic acid, to a hexenoic acid, had little effect on thromboxane receptor antagonist potency (pA2 = 7.5 rabbit thoracic aorta for the heptenoic acid ICI 180080 and pA2 = 6.9 for the corresponding hexenoic acid. Human platelet aggregation pA2 values were 6.7 and 7.0, respectively).

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis and resolution of the novel appetite suppressant 2-benzylmorpholine, a nonstimulant isomer of phenmetrazine.

The synthesis of 2-benzylmorpholine from allylbenzene together with its resolution into its (+)- and (-)-enantiomers is reported. Oral dosing of the racemate to dogs caused appetite suppression with an ED50 of 3 and 5.5 mg kg-1 at 1 and 2 h, respectively, after access to a meat meal. No stimulant activity was observed in dogs given oral doses of 200 mg kg-1 but the appetite suppressant effect in dogs declined during 20 days of chronic oral dosing at 10 mg kg-1. Appetite suppression activity was shown to reside in the (+)-enantiomer.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Adsorption of bilirubin with polypeptide-coated resins.

Poly-L-lysine, poly-D-lysine and poly-L-ornithine have been coated covalently onto a water-swellable polyamide resin. These sorbents, especially the polylysine coated resins, exhibit high binding affinities for bilirubin in aqueous phosphate buffer solutions at 0 degrees C. The polylysine coated resins have an improved binding affinity for bilirubin over the sorbents with lysine containing oligopeptide pendants and much higher affinity than cholestyramine. The binding capacity is directly proportional to the number of lysine residues on the resin. Replacement of poly-L-lysine with poly-D-lysine does not affect the adsorption capacity.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in a mandatory screening program for infection with human immunodeficiency virus: a pilot study.

Ninety-five randomly selected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive Air Force personnel were psychiatrically examined during a routine medical evaluation. Of the 95, 95% did not have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and were largely asymptomatic; 61.1% had clinical axis I diagnoses, which included simple phobia, adjustment disorders, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, alcohol use disorder, major depression, and organic mental disorders; 30.5% had personality disorders. Significantly higher frequencies (p less than 0.05) of simple phobia and hypoactive sexual desire disorder were noted with knowledge of HIV seropositivity. Disorders that occurred more commonly than in age-matched Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) participants included: simple phobia, antisocial personality disorder, alcohol abuse, and organic mental disorders. The high prevalence of major psychiatric illness in this sample supports the notion that screening for psychiatric illness, and counseling where indicated, should be integral to HIV screening programs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

A review of clinical approaches to gender dysphoria.

Gender dysphoric patients are not infrequently encountered in the clinical practice of psychiatry. A comprehensive review of the world literature reveals that the systematic study of severe gender disorders--as exemplified by transsexualism--is relatively new, consisting of just over 25 years of collective experience. While the formal diagnosis of transsexualism is rare, this disorder represents the most severe form of the gender dysphoric conditions. Many nontranssexual patients with a variety of other psychiatric disorders present to psychiatrists desperately requesting somatic treatments (cross-gender hormones, sex reassignment surgery, and other cosmetic surgical procedures). A lengthy differential diagnosis needs to be considered, and a specialized approach to interviewing gender dysphoric patients is highly recommended. Available treatments and their efficacy are discussed. Large prospective controlled studies of treatments for gender dysphoria, such as sex reassignment surgery and psychotherapy, are lacking. Countertransference issues are noted to be particularly relevant in the care of gender dysphoric individuals.

Countertransference↗
PubMed1989

Infection caused by Francisella philomiragia (formerly Yersinia philomiragia). A newly recognized human pathogen.

We evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with Francisella philomiragia (formerly Yersinia philomiragia) isolated from normally sterile sites. Isolates from 14 patients were received by the Centers for Disease Control between 1975 and 1987: 9 were from blood; 2 from lung biopsies; and 1 each from pleural, peritoneal, and cerebrospinal fluid. Underlying problems included chronic granulomatous disease in 5 patients, near-drowning in 5, and a myeloproliferative disease in 2. All 13 patients for whom records were available had a febrile syndrome compatible with bacterial infection. Pneumonia and fever-bacteremia were the commonest clinical syndromes reported. In 7 cases, F. philomiragia was the only sterile-site isolate, and the clinical syndrome did not resolve without appropriate antibiotics. Familiarity with this organism is important because of its ability to cause serious disease in chronic granulomatous disease and near-drowning patients. Further study may yield new insights into pathogenic and host defense mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The induced circular dichroism of bilirubin complexed with the alpha-helix form of poly(L-lysine).

Binding of bilirubin by the alpha-helix conformation of poly(L-lysine) in water induces optical activity. The bisignate circular dichroism spectrum exhibits exciton bands centred at 444 nm, negative, and at 525 nm, positive. The magnitude of the induced circular dichroism depends on the concentration of total bilirubin and total lysine residues, the molar ratio of total lysine residues-to-total bilirubin molecules, the pH and the degree of polymerization of poly(L-lysine). Although bilirubin binds to the random coil conformation of poly(L-lysine), as evidence by the absorption spectrum, the complex is optically inactive. The results suggest that bilirubin binds to the poly(L-lysine) in the form of dimers and oligomers.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1989

Transvestites' women revisited: a nonpatient sample.

Data obtained from seven female partners of nonpatient transvestites are presented. None were receiving psychiatric treatment. The group was self-assembled and affiliated with a cross-dressing social organization. The sample was divided into Acceptors and Rejectors based on the degree of acceptance of their mate's cross-dressing activities. Mean relationship duration was 9.9 years. None were traumatized by accidental discovery of their mate's transvestism. Childhood loss of parent(s), substance abuse, and divorce were rare. None had had homosexual experiences. Four of seven transvestite mates were reported by their partners to have gender dysphoric symptoms at some point in their lives. All of the couples' children (two male, three female) knew of their father's transvestism by direct observation at young ages; sons from two different families were noted to cross-dress spontaneously.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Polymer resins with amino acid containing pendants for sorption of bilirubin. IV. Site binding constants.

Site binding constants, calculated for the adsorption of bilirubin onto various lysine, arginine, or histidine containing oligopeptide-resins assuming either a one or two site binding model, are of the order of 10(4) M-1. Using these data it can be shown that there are positive cooperative effects for lysine-containing pendants, while arginine-containing pendants eventually result in negative cooperative behaviour. This difference in behaviour has been attributed to the difference in the side groups in the arginine and lysine pendants and is discussed in terms of the basicity of the amino acids, accessibility to the sites as a consequence of the flexibility or rigidity of the side group, and in terms of pi-pi electron interactions, where applicable.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1988

Association of sporadic listeriosis with consumption of uncooked hot dogs and undercooked chicken.

In 1986-87 the Centers for Disease Control conducted an active population-based survey of Listeria monocytogenes infections in six regions of the United States. Listeriosis was reported in 154 patients: one-third of cases were perinatal and the remaining two-thirds occurred in the elderly and immunosuppressed. 28% of cases were fatal. 82 cases and 239 controls matched for age and underlying disease were enrolled in a study of risk factors for listeriosis. Cases were significantly more likely than controls to have eaten uncooked hot dogs or undercooked chicken, with 20% of the overall risk of listeriosis attributable to consumption of these foods. No other risk factors were identified.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Transsexuals in the military: flight into hypermasculinity.

A sample of 11 male gender-dysphoric patients meeting DSM-III criteria for transsexualism was seen over a 3-year period by a military psychiatrist. Eight patients had extensive military experience, including combat duty in some cases. At the time of evaluation three were on active duty, one was a Department of Defense employee, and four were veterans. Evidence is presented for a hypermasculine phase of development that coincides with the age of enlistment in nearly all cases. The psychodynamic underpinnings of the choice to enlist in transsexual males are discussed. Outcome of military service was premature discharge in over 60%. The military's management of gender-dysphoric servicemen is described. Current military policies, in association with the proposed hypermasculine phase of transsexual development, may actually result in a higher prevalence of transsexualism in the military than in the civilian population.

Adaptation, Psychological↗