Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G R Barclay

Publications and source records attributed to G R Barclay.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of psychological stress on salt and water transport in the human jejunum.

The possibility that the central and autonomic nervous system might be involved in the control of intestinal absorption was assessed by measuring the effect of psychological stress, induced by dichotomous listening, on jejunal transport in 15 healthy subjects. Using a triple-lumen perfusion technique to determine jejunal absorption, dichotomous listening significantly reduced mean net water absorption from 31.2 to 8.7 ml X 30 cm-1 X h-1 (p less than 0.005) and changed mean net sodium and chloride absorption to secretion (sodium +1.14 to -1.2 mEq X 30 cm-1 X h-1, p less than 0.01; and chloride +1.5 to -0.9 mEq X 30 cm-1 X h-1, p less than 0.02). During the hour following dichotomous listening these changes were maintained. Jejunal water, sodium, and chloride absorption measured in 9 subjects during three consecutive stress-free periods did not change significantly. Mean transit time over the 30-cm test segment, measured by a dye dilution technique, in 7 subjects was not significantly different during control and dichotomous listening periods, being 2.8 and 4.0 min, respectively. During the hour following dichotomous listening there was a significant increase in mean transit time to 6.4 min (p less than 0.02). In 7 subjects who received a constant intravenous infusion of atropine throughout the control, dichotomous listening, and recovery periods, jejunal sodium, chloride, and water absorption did not change significantly. These results suggest that psychological stress can influence jejunal absorption of salt and water and that this effect may be mediated by a cholinergic parasympathetic nervous mechanism.

Atropine↗
PubMed1987

Double-blind comparative trial of standard (commercial) and antibody-affinity-purified tetanus toxoid vaccines.

Tetanus toxoid purified by antibody-affinity chromatography, was compared with conventionally purified material in a double-blind trial in 205 healthy blood donors. There was neither any difference in immunogenicity as assessed by enzyme-linked immunoassay nor in side-reactions between the two vaccines. This study confirms that side-reactions to tetanus toxoid are not eliminated by purifying it.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Endotoxin-polymyxin complexes in an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgG antibodies in blood donor sera to gram-negative endotoxin core glycolipids.

Common or cross-reactive epitopes of Gram-negative endotoxins are found in the inner-core glycolipid region of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Hydrophobic LPS from rough mutants of Gram-negative bacteria, lacking serotype polysaccharide O-antigen chains, did not bind satisfactorily to polystyrene microplates for ELISA detection of cross-reactive IgG anti-endotoxin antibodies. When these LPS molecules were reacted with the cationic polypeptide polymyxin B, complexes were formed which were stable when coated on microplates. LPS-polymyxin complexes allowed optimisation of conditions for an ELISA for IgG antibodies to the core glycolipid region of endotoxins which could be used for screening large numbers of blood donor sera.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1987

Serological relationships between Escherichia coli and Salmonella smooth- and rough-mutant lipopolysaccharides as revealed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunoglobulin G antiendotoxin antibodies.

Reactions of sera from healthy blood donors to smooth and rough mutant lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Escherichia coli O111:B4 and Salmonella minnesota which had been complexed with polymyxin B were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactivities were examined for prima facie evidence of cross-reactivity by analyses of correlation and relative scatter. Patterns of reactivity were interpreted in relation to published structures. Evidence was obtained for two dominant epitopes associated with the lipid A-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid and heptose regions of the LPS core. Sera demonstrated apparent exclusive antibody homogeneity in that given sera showed only one of the two possible specificities, which occurred with equal frequency. Cross-reactivity was found in the lipid A-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid region for all LPS. Cross-reactivity was found in the heptose region for larger rough mutant S. minnesota LPS and smooth S. minnesota LPS and for E. coli O111:B4 LPS but not for E. coli rough mutant J5 LPS, whose heptose region appears to be different from those of the other organisms.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1987

ERCP in late post-traumatic biliary fistula.

A case is described in which a huge subcapsular bile collection due to biliary fistula presented late after hepatic trauma and in which ERCP indicated the diagnosis.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Characterisation of mouse monoclonal antibodies produced by immunisation with a single serotype component of a polyvalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine.

Mouse monoclonal antibodies raised by immunisation with a protective antigen extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 1 varied in immunoglobulin isotype, in passive protective properties against infection by homologous P. aeruginosa serotype 1, and in cross-reactions in ELISA against antigen preparations from 15 other P. aeruginosa serotypes. All monoclonal antibodies with specificity in ELISA for the immunising antigen gave some degree of protection to mice against lethal infection by the homologous P. aeruginosa serotype. The IgG antibodies were more protective than the IgM antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Food antibodies, intestinal permeability and HLA status in IgA deficient blood donors identified by a new rapid screening test.

Circulating food antibodies, intestinal permeability and HLA status were studied in twelve blood donors previously identified as being selectively IgA deficient from screening 10,000 donations by means of a latex agglutination inhibition test, and confirmed by laser nephelometry. Assessment of intestinal function also included clinical history and standard laboratory tests. The donors proved to be healthy with no evidence of autoimmune disease or allergy. Nine donors (75%) had precipitins to food antigens. None had increased intestinal permeability as measured by the cellobiose/mannitol absorption test. HLA-A, B and DR antigen distribution was normal. IgG sub-class distribution was normal with the exception of an IgG2 level slightly below normal in one donor (0.9 g/l). An unexpected finding was a return of IgA levels to normal in four donors (33%) within 6 months.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Selection of plasma donors suitable for tetanus boosting.

As a result of a comparative trial examining the immunogenicity and clinical reactivity of two tetanus vaccines, 33 donors with high antibody levels were plasmapheresed over 6 months for the collection of tetanus hyperimmune plasma. Serial antibody assay results and the frequency of adverse reactions were analysed to define the donors most suitable for an immune plasma programme. A high proportion of boosted donors were withdrawn from plasmapheresis because of poor persistence of antibody levels. Donors most suitable for boosting appear to be males under 25 years old with a tetanus antibody level of around 8 IU/ml prior to boosting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Influence of sham feeding on salt and water absorption in the human jejunum.

Vagal stimulation induced by sham feeding in 11 healthy subjects was used to examine the possibility that the autonomic nervous system might be involved in the control of human jejunal absorption. Gastric acid secretion was measured from gastric aspirates corrected for recovery, and jejunal absorption was determined using a triple lumen perfusion technique. Sham feeding induced a significant increase in gastric acid secretion from 1.29 to 7.73 mmol/h (p less than 0.02). Jejunal absorption of water decreased significantly from 41.0 to 26.8 ml/30cm/h (p less than 0.02), sodium from 2.60 to 0.74 mmol/30cm/h (p less than 0.05, and chloride from 2.68 to 0.74 mmol/30cm/h (p less than 0.02). During the hour after sham feeding gastric acid secretion and jejunal absorption returned towards basal values. These results suggest that vagal stimulation may have influenced jejunal absorption of salt and water in man and supports the possibility that the autonomic nervous system has a physiological role in the control of intestinal mucosal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

ADCC lysis of human erythrocytes sensitized with rhesus alloantibodies. IV. Characterization of anti-D sera which are inactive in ADCC.

Certain anti-D sera, selected on the basis of their agglutination characteristics in vitro, fail to induce lysis of Rh(D) positive red cells by lymphocyte mediated antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Further investigation revealed that the non-lytic anti-D blocked in an antigen specific manner the effect of other anti-D sera which were normally lytic in ADCC. Absorption selection studies and fractionation of a non-lytic anti-D serum showed that the blocking effect was associated with IgG anti-D. Antigen binding and lymphocyte Fc-receptor binding studies indicated that the non-lytic anti-D was bound to Rh(D) positive red cells and enabled them to be bound by lymphocytes, but failed to mediate ADCC.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1985

Severe oesophageal injury caused by Steradent.

An elderly woman swallowed 2 tablets of a denture-cleansing agent (Steradent) believing them to be her sleeping tablets. This caused severe burning pain in the throat and resulted in a tight postcricoid oesophageal stricture. Treatment by repeated dilatation of the stricture has been only partially successful. Characteristic containers for non-medicinal tablets might help those with poor vision, and medicinal and non-medicinal tablets should never be stored in the same place.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Rhesus immunization in male volunteers: changes in lymphocyte functions following secondary immunizations in anti-D responders and non-responders.

After secondary immunizations of rhesus(D)-negative male volunteers with Rh(D)-positive red cells, changes were found in the in vitro transformation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) capacities of the volunteers' lymphocytes. Responders, who produced anti-D, showed marked depressions of ADCC which were not found in non-responders. Responders and non-responders in general showed similar changes in lymphocyte transformation. The relationships between altered lymphocyte functions following immunization, immunoregulatory activity and responsiveness to the Rh(D) antigen are discussed.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1980

Adverse effect of plasma exchange on anti-D production in rhesus immunisation owing to removal of inhibitory factors.

Intensive plasma exchange was used to reduce the maternal anti-D concentration in case of severe rhesus haemolytic disease. Initially the concentration fell from 30 to 4 IU/ml, but after six exchanges it increased to 490 IU/ml despite continued exchanges, and intrauterine fetal death eventually ensued. The increase in the rate of maternal anti-D production coincided with, and may have resulted from, removal of plasma immuno-regulatory factors that inhibited in-vitro lymphocyte functions. These results that the role of plasma exchange in haemolytic disease of the newborn is more complex than simply removing the antibody and that further investigations are needed.

Adult↗