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Biomedical subjects

G Quinn

Publications and source records attributed to G Quinn.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Medico-legal aspects of cross infection: dental scenario.

The epidemiology of Hepatitis B infection is used to show that dental health care workers are at greater risk of acquiring serious infective diseases than is the population at large. The significance of this greater risk is that dental employers must take the proper steps to protect their employees' health. A five fold strategy is put forward to achieve this end. The law governing a (dental) employer's duty in this regard is examined. Failure to take appropriate action leaves the dental employer open to legal action in the event that an employee acquires a serious infection in the course of his work. The similarity is stressed between Irish and British law in protecting the needs of authority and established bodies such as for instance the dental profession. However, the developments in Irish law are mentioned which show that following established practice in a profession does not guarantee protection from legal suit.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1990

Early results of combined electrohydraulic shock-wave lithotripsy and oral litholytic therapy of gallbladder stones at the University of Iowa.

One hundred thirty-three patients were entered into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for symptomatic gallstones versus extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy plus adjuvant litholytic therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Six months after lithotripsy, patients receiving placebo were crossed over to UDCA therapy without unblinding the study. One hundred sixteen patients have completed 6 months of follow-up. Five patients were dropped from the study. Nine percent have required cholecystectomy (11 patients with biliary colic and 1 with acute cholecystitis). Ninety-one patients had a solitary stone (64 patients had stones less than or equal to 20 mm and 27 patients had stones greater than 20 mm in diameter), and 25 patients had two to three stones. Fifty percent were retreated. Cumulative stone-free rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 26%, 39%, and 41%, respectively. At 6 months there was a significant advantage for patients treated with UDCA versus placebo (36% vs 17% were stone free) that had disappeared by 12 months (placebo-treated patients had received 6 months of UDCA). Patients with solitary stones equal to or less than 20 mm in diameter treated with UDCA had stone-free rates at 6, 12, and 18 months of 58%, 58%, and 62%, respectively, versus 27%, 56%, and 50%. The difference was significant only at the 6- month follow-up. Stone-free rates for patients with large solitary stones and multiple stones were very low. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is both safe and effective therapy for treatment of symptomatic gallstones in patients with a solitary stone equal to or less than 20 mm in diameter. UDCA markedly improves the efficiency of the procedure and results in a stone-free gallbladder sooner.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Cryotherapy for active retinopathy of prematurity.

Twenty-eight patients with bilateral symmetrical stage-III retinopathy of prematurity and plus disease had one eye treated using cryotherapy, while the other acted as a control. Eleven patients showed improvement in both the treated and untreated eye, while 11 others were noted to improve in the treated eye while demonstrating deterioration in the untreated eye. The P value obtained by applying binomial distribution tests suggested that, in the sampled population, cryotherapy was preferable to no treatment.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Cryotherapy for active retinopathy of prematurity.

Twenty-eight patients with bilateral symmetrical Stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and plus disease had one eye assigned to cryotherapy and the other to control. The majority of patients weighed under 1000 grams at birth and females outnumbered males by nearly a two-to-one ratio.+ Cryotherapy was generally performed at a gestational age of less than 40 weeks and a mean chronologic age of 10 weeks. Eleven patients showed improvement in both the treated and untreated eyes possibly due to variables among prematures not identified in the study. Eleven other patients experienced improvement in the treated eye and progression in the untreated eye. Using the binomial distribution on the latter group the P value was 0.0005 with a one-tailed hypothesis test and 0.001 with a two-tailed test, suggesting that in the sampled population cryotherapy appears to be preferred over no treatment.

Cryosurgery↗
PubMed1982

Vitamin E supplementation and the retinopathy of prematurity.

The effect of high-dosage E treatment (Rx) initiated at the stage of 3-plus active disease (target serum E levels, 5-6 mg/dl) was evaluated by a standardized scoring system of visual morbidity at the one to two year eye exam among infants cared for in the University of Pennsylvania Neonatal Complex (1976-1978). The incidence of legal blindness in both eyes or worse was decreased from 71 to 40% in E Rx (n = 10) as compared to non-E Rx (n = 14) infants, and the number of infants with minimal visual morbidity was increased. Pilot studies (1972-76; target serum E level, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/dl) of the prophylactic effect of E Rx from birth on showed a decrease in mean severity of acute stage disease and a decrease in sequelae at one to two years. A strikingly difference in visual morbidity following resolved low-grade ROP was seen when prestudy infants (1968-72) who were fed early iron supplements and given formulas with low E:PUFA ratios were compared to non-E Rx as well as to E Rx 1972-76 infants. Vitamin E seems to exert a beneficial effect at all stages of ROP, perhaps because of its broadly based regulatory role.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part II. The British Olympic track squad.

In Part II of the study, the British Olympic track (sprint) squad cyclists demonstrated reductions in body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p greater than .05), increased Hb and PCV % (p greater than .05), and lowered HR at rest and in warm-up exercise (p greater than .05), but no change in leg power. Repeated interval sprints of short duration, maximal exercise on an "ergowheel" ergometer, at standardised power output, showed increased anaerobic index (p greater than .05) and acceleratory power (p greater than .01) but no change in sustained power output. Compared with "non-select" riders, a case study of the single "select" rider showed anthropometric differences in terms of lower height, weight, body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy, but enhanced mesomorphy and FEV %. Furthermore, the "select" rider demonstrated temporarily latent functional performance capabilities, in that increased anaerobic index, acceleratory and sustained power indices, as well as enhanced relative power output, were not identified until late in the competitive season.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1982

Seasonal changes in cyclists' performance. Part I. The British Olympic road race squad.

British Olympic road squad cyclists were monitored during the 1980 racing season to evaluate training for the Moscow Games. Riders demonstrated reductions in body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p greater than .05). Graded exercise, using a "Racermate" wind load simulator/racing cycle ergometer system, showed reduced cardiovascular demands to warm-up exercise, and increased cardiovascular index, VO2 maximum, aerobic/anaerobic threshold shifts during maximal exercise (NS), with no changes in gearing, equivalent road speed, absolute/relative power output and leg power. Compared with "non-select" riders demonstrated lower body fat index, % body fat and endomorphy (p greater than .05), higher Hb and PCV % (p greater than .05) and elevated neuroticism and extraversion (p greater than .05). Furthermore, "select" riders demonstrated lower HR and CV index during warm-up exercise (p greater than .05), and elevated CV index, VO2 maximum, aerobic/anerobic thresholds during maximal exercise (p greater than .05), resulting from higher gearing, equivalent road speed and absolute/relative power output (p greater than .05).

Anthropometry↗