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Biomedical subjects

G Plewig

Publications and source records attributed to G Plewig.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of ultraviolet A and B on the skin barrier: a functional, electron microscopic and lipid biochemical study.

To investigate the effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) and B (UVB) on the skin barrier, functional, electron microscopic and lipid biochemical studies were performed on normal and UV-irradiated skin of volunteers. Skin reactivity against primary irritants was evaluated using the alkali resistance test, the dimethylsulfoxide test and the sodium lauryl sulfate test. In all 3 irritation models, UVA- and UVB-irradiated areas were more resistant to damage than normal skin, indicating improvement of the barrier function after UV irradiation. In a second series of experiments, biopsies were taken and processed for electron microscopic evaluation of the stratum corneum. UVB significantly increased the horny cell layers; UVA did not alter the thickness of the stratum corneum. Finally, stratum corneum lipids were extracted in vivo and quantified after high-performance thin-layer chromatography. UVB and, to some extent, UVA exposure increased the amount of all stratum corneum lipids. This was also observed in all major ceramide subfractions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Acne inversa. Pathogenesis and genetics].

Acne inversa is a chronic inflammatory disorder of sebaceous follicles and terminal hair follicles and is one type of acne diseases. The pathogenesis of acne inversa is identical with that of the other types: Hyperkeratosis of the follicular infundibulum leads to a comedo. Bacterial infections result in a rupture of the follicular canal followed by a granulomatous inflammatory reaction with abscesses, panniculitis and draining sinuses. Acne inversa has so far only occasionally been observed in two or more members of the same family. The familial presentations of acne inversa published in the literature and two observations of familial occurrence among the authors' own patients reveal an autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

[Acne inversa. Diagnosis and therapy].

Acne inversa (synonyms: acne triad, acne tetrad or hidradenitis suppurativa, and others) is an inflammatory disease that develops mostly in the axillae, under the breasts and in the anogenital region. The new term, acne inversa, encompasses what was previously called the occlusion triad or tetrad. The disease is relatively common, but the diagnosis is frequently missed. Many different modalities of treatment are recommended in the literature. Radical surgical intervention should be performed at the earliest recognized stage. In the light of experience with our own patients, we propose surgical intervention with wide excision and subsequent healing by secondary intent.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

[Quinidine-induced photoallergy. A clinical and experimental study].

Photoallergies are type-IV allergic reactions of a special kind. Photoallergies due to quinidine sulphate were described as early as 1942. We present a case of quinidine sulphate-induced photodermatitis. The photoallergic reaction to quinidine sulphate was reproducible not only after oral intake but also in the photopatch test. In addition, an eczematous dermatitis was provoked after intradermal injection of quinidine sulphate previously exposed to UV-A irradiation in vitro together with serum taken from the patient. No dermatitis was seen with quinidine sulphate irradiated in the absence of serum. The binding of the hapten quinidine sulphate to a potential carrier protein in the serum seems to be of crucial importance in this type of photodermatitis. Quinidine sulphate is frequently used as an antiarrhythmic drug. Its potential photoallergenic action should always be considered.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Stratum corneum and nail lipids in patients with atopic dermatitis. Decrease in ceramides--a pathogenetic factor in atopic xerosis?].

Dry skin is seen in many patients with atopic dermatitis and correlates with a disturbed epidermal barrier function demonstrated by such features as increased transepidermal water loss and diminished stratum corneum hydration. With regard to the importance of stratum corneum lipids for the permeability barrier, we have analysed plantar (n = 8) and lumbar (n = 20) stratum corneum and nail lipids (n = 15) of atopic subjects by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Compared with controls our investigations show a decrease in the ceramide fraction as a percentage of total lipid and a diminished ratio of ceramides and free sterols in atopic subjects. This implies that impaired ceramide synthesis may be a factor in the pathogenesis of atopic xerosis.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMed1991

[Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome].

The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome was first reported from New Mexico, USA, in 1989. Since then, there have been further reports from the USA, Canada and Europe. Patients with the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome present with myalgias, morbilliform and urticarial rash, oedema, sclerodermiform lesions, fever, pneumonia, fatigue and peripheral eosinophilia (greater than 1,000/mm3). The ultimate cause is postulated to be a contamination produced by Bacterium amyloliquefaciens during the production of L-tryptophan by genetic engineering techniques. HPLC analysis revealed that the causative agent was a condensation product of 1 mole acetaldehyde and 2 moles tryptophan. Clinical and laboratory findings of the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, Shulman syndrome and toxic-oil syndrome are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Experimental reproduction of skin lesions in lupus erythematosus by UVA and UVB radiation.

Sunlight is a well-established factor in the induction and exacerbation of lupus erythematosus. Although experimental reproduction of lupus erythematosus lesions with wavelengths shorter than 320 nm was demonstrated previously, the effect of wavelengths longer than 320 nm was not investigated adequately. In this study we show that the action spectrum of lupus erythematosus reaches into the UVA region. A total of 128 patients with lupus erythematosus underwent phototesting with the use of polychromatic UVB and long-wave UVA. Subsets of the disease consisted of discoid lupus erythematosus (n = 86), subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (n = 22), and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 20). Skin lesions clinically and histologically compatible with lupus erythematosus were induced in 64% of patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, 42% of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus, and 25% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The action spectrum of the induced lesions was within the UVB range in 33% of patients, in the UVA range in 14%, and in the UVB and UVA range in 53%. In positive test reactions patchy dark erythema and urticarial plaques developed within a few days. In some patients typical discoid lesions persisted for months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hodgkin's disease followed by lymphomatoid papulosis. Immunophenotypic evidence for a close relationship between lymphomatoid papulosis and Hodgkin's disease.

The clinical association of lymphomatoid papulosis and Hodgkin's disease and the striking morphologic similarity of atypical cells in lymphomatoid papulosis to Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease suggest that lymphomatoid papulosis and Hodgkin's disease are related. To test this possibility we studied the antigenic profile of Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes and of atypical cells in cutaneous lesions of lymphomatoid papulosis in two patients with Hodgkin's disease and lymphomatoid papulosis. In paraffin sections both cell types expressed CD30, CD45 T cell-restricted antigens, and occasionally CD15 antigens. They were negative for CD45 B cell-restricted antigens and for lysozyme. In cutaneous lymphomatoid papulosis lesions a similar immunologic profile of the atypical cells was found; that is, they were positive for CD30, CD2, CD3, and CD25 but negative for B cell and macrophage antigens. The similarity of the immunophenotype of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes affected by Hodgkin's disease and the immunophenotype of atypical cells of lymphomatoid papulosis lesions in the same patients suggests that the malignant cells in both conditions are derived from activated T cells and that they are closely related if not identical.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Solar urticaria: studies on mechanisms of tolerance.

The mechanisms by which tolerance is induced in solar urticaria were investigated in two patients whose eruptions were induced by wavelengths in the range 320-455 nm in one patient and 400-495 nm in another. Tolerance to radiation was induced by repeated exposures of the skin to the eliciting wavelengths of light. Weal and flare responses to intradermal injections of histamine and the histamine-releasing agent (codeine) were unaltered in the tolerant skin when compared with adjacent normal skin. Intradermal injection of in vitro irradiated serum or plasma from the patients induced an urticarial reaction in the unexposed skin but not in tolerant skin and repeated injections induced tolerance to the eliciting radiation. The results suggest that tolerance is not due to exhaustion of the photoallergen in the skin, or to an increase of the mast-cell degranulation threshold caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, or mast-cell mediator depletion, or histamine tachyphylaxis. It is likely that binding sites of IgE on mast cells remain occupied by the photoallergen during the state of tolerance, and that histamine release from mast cells is blocked.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Castleman tumor, lichen ruber and pemphigus vulgaris: paraneoplastic association of immunological diseases?].

In a 45-year-old patient with an unusual clinical course of wide-spread cutaneous and oral lichen planus as well as pemphigus vulgaris of the oral cavity, both refractory to standard therapy, a Castleman tumour was suspected. Computer tomography disclosed a solid retroperitoneal tumour in the pelvis. After its surgical removal both dermatoses regressed substantially within a matter of weeks. In 1954 and again in 1956, Castleman described a thymoma-like lymph node hyperplasia, for which various synonyms are used. Castleman tumours are classified into the common hyalin-vascular type (80-90%), the rarer plasma cell type (10-20%) and the intermediate type. It is usually a benign lymphoma of variable location, but mostly intrathoracic. There is a remarkable association of Castleman tumours with skin diseases (lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, Kaposi sarcoma), neurological diseases (POEMS syndrome, myasthenia gravis, arteritis temporalis, Guillain-Barré syndrome), and internal diseases (nephrotic syndrome, amyloidosis, plasmacytoma, rheumatoid arthritis, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura). The coincidence of Castleman tumours with various immune phenomena and immunological diseases is higher than could be expected by chance, presenting a challenging pathophysiological model of antibodies and variable immunodeficiencies.

Castleman Disease↗
PubMed1990

[Epithelioid sarcoma].

Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumour, which was first described in 1970. The tumour occurs mostly in young adults and is characterized by multiple recurrences and late metastases. Two patients with epithelioid sarcoma are presented. Clinical and histological features and treatment are discussed.

Adult↗