Concerning monocytoid cells.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Biomedical subjects
G Pizzolo
Publications and source records attributed to G Pizzolo.
Bronchoalveolar lavage and lung histology. Comparative analysis of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
To determine whether bronchoalveolar lavage reflects the histologic aspects of the lung histology in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, cells recovered from lavage fluid were compared with tissue sections from transbronchial lung biopsies in 33 patients. The evaluation of cellular types and their topographic distribution in situ was determined by using monoclonal antibodies in combination with immunohistochemical techniques. Cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsies were significantly correlated both in sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In fact, the relative proportions of inflammatory and immunocompetent cells recovered from lavage fluid accurately overlapped those observed in lung tissue sections. However, in patients with more pronounced alveolitis, the frequency of macrophages in tissue sections was higher than that observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage, and the degree of lymphocytes in the lavage was higher than that observed in the corresponding biopsy. Specifically, in these patients the lavage underestimated the amount of macrophages in the lung biopsies and overestimated the number of lymphocytes that were present in the lung parenchyma. This was more evident in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, where the intensity of alveolitis was higher than in sarcoidosis. Our data support the idea that, at least in patients with sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, bronchoalveolar lavage correctly samples the alveolitis. Discrepancies in patients with very high intensity alveolitis could be due to a more pronounced recirculation of lymphocytes from the parenchyma to the alveolar spaces.
Adolescent↗
Identification of malignant plasma cell precursors in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma.
Precursors of plasma cells were studied in the bone marrow of 28 patients with multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and benign monoclonal gammopathy. Pre-B and B cell populations were analyzed with anti-B monoclonal antibodies corresponding to the clusters standardized at the Leucocyte Typing Workshops in Paris and Boston (CD9, CD10, CD19-22, CD24). In advanced forms of plasma cell malignancies, such as cases of multiple myeloma in stages II and III and of plasma cell leukemia, some cells of lymphoid morphology expressed common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10) and HLA-DR, but contained no detectable terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme. These CALLA+ cells were absent in benign monoclonal gammopathies. In multiple myeloma, the CALLA+ cells were negative for surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig), and, unlike CALLA+, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT+) pre-B cells in the normal bone marrow also failed to react with antibodies to B cell-associated antigens such as CD9, CD19, CD22, and CD24. The CALLA+, Ig- cells could be regarded as preplasmacytic since, after having been separated and stimulated with the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate in vitro, they transformed into plasma cells and synthesized the same heavy and light chains as myeloma cells.
Adult↗
Phorbol ester induces abnormal chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to express features of hairy cell leukemia.
We have investigated the relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and different normal B cell subsets: Mrbc+, T1+ and slgM+ tonsil cells; germinal center; mantle zone; and peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Both malignant and normal cells were incubated in vitro with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 72 hours and the morphology, cytochemical profile, and surface markers were evaluated. The results show that CLL cells TPA-induced become indistinguishable from HCL by four independent criteria: the morphology; the cytoplasmic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity; the membrane positivity with anti-Leu M5 (SHCL3); and anti-Tac monoclonal antibodies which, in the uninduced state, react only with HCL. The features of TRAP and Tac positivity are also expressed (though in variable degree) by different normal B cell populations activated with TPA or pokeweed mitogen (PWM). It is concluded that HCL might represent an aberrantly activated variant of CLL (or of a CLL-related disorder).
Acid Phosphatase↗
B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Comparative analysis of blood and bone marrow.
A study was performed on cell suspension from peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates and on cryostat sections from bone marrow biopsies in order to investigate the membrane phenotype of neoplastic B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL). The immunological analyses, performed on 43 patients, included rosetting ability with sheep and mouse erythrocytes, evaluation of surface immunoglobulins and reactivity with anti-HLA-DR, UCHT 1 (OKT-3 like) and RFA-1 (OKT-1 like) monoclonal antibodies. The results demonstrate that neoplastic B lymphocytes in B-CLL display an identical phenotype in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Possible interpretations on the origin of proliferating cells in B-CLL are discussed.
Adult↗
Immunohistological study in sarcoidosis: evaluation at different sites of disease activity.
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterized by enhanced immune responses at sites of involvement. For this reason, an immunohistological study using monoclonal antibodies against T-cell subpopulations was carried out in order to evaluate the topographic distribution of immunocompetent cells in tissue sections obtained from a variety of involved organs, such as parenchymal lung, lymph nodes, eyes, skin, and liver. Biopsy specimens were also stained for detection of immunoglobulins, complement, and fibrinogen deposits. The data demonstrate a redistribution of T cells from the blood to all the sites of disease activity where they account for the large majority of infiltrating cells, both in the early lesions (merely a lymphocytic infiltrate) and in well-organized granulomas. Moreover, these cells express a helper-related phenotype, as demonstrated by the high Leu-3/Leu-2 ratios, at sites of involvement with respect to the blood (blood, 1.8/1; transbronchial lung biopsies, 10.5/1; lymph nodes, 19/1; skin, 28/1; liver, 22/1; eye, 14/1). In line with this helper infiltration is the presence of plasma cells and immunoglobulin deposits, suggesting a local hyperreactivity of the B-cell immune system. Both the hypergammaglobulinemia and the T lymphopenia usually observed in the blood of sarcoid patients could be explained by these observations. Comparative analysis of immunohistological data and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings provides further evidence that BAL cellularity reflects the changes already occurring in lung histology. The studies emphasize the importance that immunological phenomena play in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and provide new insights into the mechanisms leading to the formation and maintenance of the sarcoid granuloma.
Adult↗
Immunohistological analysis of Tac antigen expression in tissues involved by Hodgkin's disease.
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Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Double immunostaining of lymph node sections by monoclonal antibodies using phycoerythrin labeling and haptenated reagents.
Double immunostaining of tissue sections by monoclonal antibodies has been performed using, in immunofluorescence, combinations of reagents conjugated with different fluorochromes. These were monoclonal antibodies directly labeled with phycoerythrin (a new red fluorochrome) and haptenated monoclonal antibodies detected by fluorescein-conjugated second or third layers. All the reagents used were commercially available and the double immunostaining was easy to perform and allowed the design of several combinations useful to characterize T-cell subsets in reactive lymph nodes. The results indicate that the simultaneous detection of pairs of antigens by monoclonal antibodies can be applied successfully to tissue sections in order to investigate cellular heterogeneity in normal and pathologic conditions.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Immunohistochemical analysis of thymoma. Evidence for medullary origin of epithelial cells.
The histologic organization of lymphoid and nonlymphoid (epithelial and interdigitating) cells in a thymoma has been compared to that of the normal thymus. Enzyme and immunohistochemical methods were applied, using both conventional antisera (to cytokeratin) and monoclonal antibodies (to epithelial cells, HLA-DR and lymphoid subsets). Throughout the tumor, the epithelial cells shared phenotypical similarities with the epithelial cells of thymic medulla (RFD-4 positive, cytokeratin strongly positive, and HLA-DR essentially negative). On the other hand, the lymphoid cells were heterogeneous in phenotype and distribution, and "mimicked" the distribution seen in the normal infant thymus. Immature thymocytes of cortical type (TdT+, OKT6+, OKT3-) were predominant in the areas with moderate lymphocytic infiltration (ML). Mature T-lymphocytes (TdT-, OKT6-, OKT3+) were found mainly in areas with scanty lymphocytes (SL) together with an additional population of HLA-DR positive interdigitating and HLA-DR+, OKT6+ Langerhans'-type cells. These findings indicate that in thymoma tissue, the lymphoid elements of cortical type are apparently surrounded by an inappropriate (medullary) epithelium.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Heterogeneous expression of dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase (DAP IV) in T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
The reactivity for the enzyme dipeptidyl-amino-peptidase IV (DAP IV) has been correlated, in 8 cases of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL), with the cellular phenotype as well as the morphological and clinical behaviour of disease. A highly reproducible correspondence between the 'helper' phenotype (OKT4+/Fc mu-R+) and DAP IV expression was observed in cases with aggressive disease, whereas the cases with OKT8+/Fc mu-R+ phenotype was characterized by a favorable prognosis, LGL (large granular lymphocyte) morphology, and were virtually negative for DAP IV.
Adult↗
Evidence of cells bearing interleukin-2 receptor at sites of disease activity in sarcoid patients.
The frequency of cells reactive with anti-Tac monoclonal antibody (MoAb), which recognizes the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, has been evaluated in cell suspensions from peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and in frozen sections from involved tissues in 18 patients with active sarcoidosis. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of sarcoid patients do not bear Tac determinant and reduced numbers of Tac+ cells are inducible following PHA stimulation. On the other hand, significant numbers of lymphocytes reactive with anti-TacMoAb are present in the cells obtained from the BAL and a number of Tac+ cells infiltrate the lung, lymph node and conjunctiva. The finding of Tac+ cells in the BAL fluid and in other organs in patients with sarcoidosis provides evidence that some T cells in these involved tissues have the characteristics of IL-2 responder cells and thus the potential to absorb IL-2, supporting the hypothesis that T lymphocytes replicate in situ at sites of disease activity.
Adult↗
Abnormal expansions of polyclonal large to small size granular lymphocytes: reactive or neoplastic process?
Morphological, immunologic, and functional properties of peripheral blood cells from two patients with chronic proliferations of granular lymphocytes are described. Cells from both patients showed a heterogeneous pattern from both a morphological and immunologic standpoint, indicating a polyclonal, rather than a monoclonal, expansion of these cells. In fact, both large and small-to-medium-sized granular lymphocytes were observed, and different percentages of positivity were found in the analysis with a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. Serologic and histologic features support the hypothesis that this lymphocytosis could be secondary to bacterial or viral infections rather than a primary event, suggesting that these patients may have chronic reactive immunoregulatory disorders.
Acid Phosphatase↗
[Immunology of the lymphatic follicle].
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Antigens↗
Immunohistological analysis of bone marrow involvement in lymphoproliferative disorders. The use of cryostat sections from trephine biopsies.
Cryostat sections from frozen samples of human bone marrow trephine biopsies were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence techniques as well as enzyme histochemistry were applied to these sections in order to characterize bone marrow infiltrates in lymphoproliferative diseases. Various conventional antisera and monoclonal antibodies and several enzymes were able to identify different normal and malignant cell populations. This technology provides a new tool to be used in combination with classical morphology for studying bone marrow involvement during lymphoid malignancies.
Biopsy↗
Distribution of natural killer cells in sarcoidosis.
A number of immunological abnormalities have been reported in sarcoidosis. In this paper an excess of Natural killer (NK) cells, as defined by the reactivity with HNK-1 monoclonal antibody, is demonstrated in peripheral blood of these patients. On the contrary, only a few HNK-1+ cells have been found among mononuclear cells infiltrating and/or surrounding sarcoid granulomas in the lungs, lymph nodes and skin. While NK cell activity may represent one of the first lines of natural resistance against foreign antigens, the lack of killing in involved tissue gives no support for control of sarcoidosis by NK cells at sites of disease activity. Possible interpretations of these findings are discussed.
Adult↗
Distribution and heterogeneity of cells detected by HNK-1 monoclonal antibody in blood and tissues in normal, reactive and neoplastic conditions.
When studied with double staining techniques HNK-1+ cells include subsets not expressing T cell antigens (A), expressing T8 antigens (B) and expressing T4 antigens (C). Cells with phenotype A are observed as the dominant HNK-1+ population (greater than 50% of all HNK-1+ cells) in the blood from controls and from patients with solid tumours, infectious mononucleosis and sarcoidosis. Cells with phenotype B are always a substantial subset (35% of HNK-1+ cells) in the peripheral blood but in patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy these cells are present in an even higher percentage (greater than 50% of all HNK-1+ cells). This cell subset is the only HNK-1+ population found in the few tumour samples where HNK-1+ cells are identifiable. Apart from these few cases of malignancies, the type A and B subsets are rare in the tissues. In these samples Leu 11+ cells seem to be absent. In contrast, cells with phenotype C are a minor population in the blood but represent most HNK-1+ cells in the germinal centres of lymph nodes and their malignant counterparts in follicular centre cell lymphoma. These HNK-1+, T4+ cells are Leu 11-. These phenotypic characteristics indicate that the most efficient NK cells may represent a circulating and not a tissue seeking population.
Adult↗
Routine immunofluorescent and histochemical analysis of bone marrow involvement of lymphoma/leukaemia: the use of cryostat sections.
Enzyme histochemical and immunohistological (immuno-fluorescence and -peroxidase) techniques have been routinely used for investigating over 70 normal and pathological bone marrow samples. This recently standardized diagnostic procedure is very quick and can be performed in a few hours. In 6 cases the clinical diagnosis of leukaemia/lymphoma has become apparent only after the immunohistological analysis of the bone marrow. In 6 other cases the information about the staging of B cell malignancies was superior in the frozen biopsies to the paraffin embedded preparations. Amongst many other features the monoclonality of B CLL/lymphomas, the special features of B CLL infiltrates (RFA-1+, Leu-1+, HLA-DR+, SmIg+), follicular lymphoma deposits (containing follicular dendritic cells) and non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemic blasts (terminal transferase+, HLA-DR+) as well as the sometimes conspicuous presence of infiltrating normal T cells could be clearly and reproducibly demonstrated.
Adolescent↗
Haematoxylin counterstaining of immunofluorescence preparations.
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Fluorescent Antibody Technique↗