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Biomedical subjects

G Peters

Publications and source records attributed to G Peters.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. I. Microtopographical characteristics of intravenous catheters as detected by scanning electron microscopy.

Ten commercially available unused intravenous catheters were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Different types of irregularities in the external and internal surface could be detected in all catheters examined. Representative examples were demonstrated in 6 SEM-photos. The possible role of such irregularities in favouring bacterial attachment to catheter surfaces was discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. III. Adhesion of staphylococci to lumina of intravenous catheters perfused with bacterial suspensions.

Intravenous catheters, artificially infected with staphylococci by perfusion experiments were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), to demonstrate the mode of adhesion. It seemed to be clear, that the first step of bacterial attachment was associated with the different irregularities of the inner surface of the catheter. With longer perfusion times and/or heavier inoculum cell adherence took place also in apparently smooth regions of the catheter lumen. The possible utilization of catheter material was discussed.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of activity of fosfomycin, oxacillin and penicillin G against staphylococci and micrococci (author's transl)].

The in vitro sensitivity against fosfomycin, oxacillin and penicillin G was tested in 65 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 71 coagulase negative staphylococci and 46 micrococci. Fosfomycin was very effective against staphylococci. Cross resistance with simultaneously tested penicillins could not be demonstrated. Fosfomycin was only partially effective against micrococci for which penicillin G was most effective.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Intravenous cefotaxime in children with bacterial meningitis.

Thirteen children with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, beta-haemolytic streptococcus group B, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and who had been unsuccessfully treated with other antibiotics or had causative organisms which were resistant to available antibiotics were treated with intravenous cefotaxime. Nine children were cured; in one case infection (with a different organism) recurred but a further course of cefotaxime was successful; one child died, with sterile CSF; one child died from his underlying disease (astrocytoma); and one child was cured with sequelae (hydrocephalus). A further child with meningitis caused by E. coli had been treated unsuccessfully by intravenous and intraventricular chloramphenicol and gentamicin; intravenous and intraventricular cefotaxime was successful. The agent was well tolerated. CSF levels were measured in seven children and ranged from 300 to 27 200 microgram/l; published and unpublished in-vitro studies suggest that minimum inhibitory concentrations for cefotaxime against the organisms commonly causing bacterial meningitis are usually well below 250 microgram/l.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1980

Qualitative and quantitative investigations on the resident bacterial skin flora in healthy persons and in the non-affected skin of patients with seborrheic Eczema.

The composition of the aerobic and anaerobic bacterial skin flora was investigated quantitatively and qualitatively in 25 patients with seborrheic eczema (SE) and in 35 healthy persons. In SE patients, the geometric mean count for propionibacteria in the pilosebaceous ducts of the forehead was reduced to a statistically significant extent in comparison with the control group. There was the same tendency with regard to the geometric mean count of the superficial anaerobic bacterial flora of the back, whereas the geometric mean counts of the coagulase-negative staphylococci were the same in the two groups. These results may explain earlier findings of a reduction of free fatty acids in the surface lipids in SE patients. According to the results of differentiation in 295 propionibacteria and 157 micrococcaceae, 7 biotypes and 10 phage types of propionibacteria which were so far unknown could be demonstrated. Significant differences between the groups with regard to the frequency of different biotypes, serotypes, and phage types could be demonstrated neither in propionibacteria nor in coagulase-negative staphylococci. The results of typing, however, showed that patients with SE displayed much more frequently several different propionibacterial species and types as well as different micrococcal species and types than persons with healthy skin.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

In vitro-activity of clavulanic acid and amoxicillin combined against amoxicillin-resistant bacteria.

The ability of clavulanic acid to inactivate beta-lactamase was investigated using 47 amoxicillin-resistant bacteria. In the presence of 10 mg/l clavulanic acid most strains of staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus mirabilis became fully amoxicillin-sensitive. This effect of clavulanic acid was in most instances not observed with Serratia marcescens, Proteus inconstans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus species.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1980

The problem of "giant" omphalocele.

"Giant" omphalocele implies an abdominal wall defect that is 5 cm or more in diameter with the liver in a central position. Giant omphalocele is often associated with other significant anomalies. Technically it is often difficult to close the abdominal wall defect and a staged repair utilizing prosthetic materials may be necessary. The morbidity and mortality associated with this entity remain significant despite advances in management techniques. Hospitalization is often prolonged and costly. For the best outcome in managing patients with giant omphalocele early attention to hypothermia and other metabolic requirements and long-term attention to nutritional needs are important. Techniques of closing the omphalocele should be adapted to the individual characteristics of the defect, but mobilization and stretching of the abdominal muscles should be begun as a newborn. The term hepatomphalocele implying "liver-containing omphalocele" is suggested to refer to this particular entity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1980

The mechanism of drinking induced by parenteral hyperonocotic solutions in the pigeon and in the rat.

1. In pigeons, the I.V. injection of 0.3-1.3 ml. of 50% (w/w) solutions of either polyethylene glycol (mol.wt. 20,000) or dextran (mol.wt. 40,000) induced reliable, rapid dose-dependent drinking responses. The amount of water drunk in response to I.V. polyethylene glycol was greater than that in response to I.P. polyethylene glycol and twice that in response to I.V. dextran. I.V. polyethylene glycol induced a diuresis following the onset of drinking.2. The dipsogenic effect of I.P. polyethylene glycol solutions in the pigeon was depressed by I.V. isotonic NaCl solution 1 hr before offering water but was increased by simultaneous I.V. hyperoncotic polyethylene glycol solution.3. In contrast, in rats, the subcutaneous injection of 25% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (mol.wt. 20,000; 1.25-10.0 ml./kg body wt.) induced reliable drinking responses, while the same doses of polyethylene glycol, injected I.V., did not induce drinking consistently. The volume of water drunk by rats in response to subcutaneous polyethylene glycol was smaller per unit dose than that drunk by I.P. injected pigeons.4. The results suggest that receptors for drinking induced by extracellular dehydration in the pigeon could be situated in the extravascular interstitial section of the extracellular compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

tRNA's and priming of RNA-directed DNA synthesis in mouse mammary tumor virus.

The low-molecular-weight RNAs of mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) were examined by two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Unlike other retroviruses, MuMTV was found to contain only two major fractions of tRNA. These have been fully characterized and shown to correspond to the published sequences for tRNA1+2Lys and tRNA3Lys. By determining which of these tRNA's was most tightly associated with the MuMTV genome and which of them acquired label from [alpha-32P]deoxynucleoside triphosphates in limited DNA synthesis reactions, we identified tRNA3Lys as the primer for MuMTV reverse transcription in vitro. tRNA3Lys does not share any unusual sequence feature with the other previously characterized retrovirus primers, tRNATrp and tRNAPro.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Regulatory drinking in the pigeon Columba livia.

Pigeons were subjected to stimuli known to induce regulatory drinking in mammals. Water-satiated birds drank in response to intravenous (iv) hypertonic NaCl, intraperitoneal (ip) hyperoncotic polyethylene glycol (PEG) (20 M), iv infusions of angiotensinamide, subcutaneous (sc) isoprenaline, and iv chicken kidney extract. Intravenous porcine renin failed to elicit a major drinking response. Drinking after water deprivation was reduced by an iv preload of isotonic saline. Water intake after iv hypertonic NaCl equaled the volume required for dilution to isotonicity. Water intake in response to ip PEG was larger than in rats and resulted in a parallel increase in body weight. Sensitivity to isoprenaline and angiotensinamide was less than or equal to that of rats although pigeons drank much more. Drinking responses to iv hypertonic NaCl plus ip hyperoncotic PEG were additive. Small (5 ml/kg body wt) blood losses induced delayed (after 4 h) drinking; larger blood losses were ineffective. There was no simple additive relationship between the responses to hemorrhage and hypertonic saline. In summary, the dipsogenic response of pigeons was much greater than that of mammals although sensitivity was sometimes higher and sometimes lower.

Angiotensin Amide↗
PubMed1980

Comparative in vitro activity of cefotaxime (HR 756).

The in vitro activity of cefotaxime (HR 756) was tested in comparison with cefuroxime, cefamondole, cefoxitin, cefazolin, ampicillin, mezlocilline, gentamicin and amicacin. MIC values were investigated on 168 freshly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from clinical sources. Enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaved cefotaxime-resistant. All the other species examined showed a very good sensitivity range against cefotaxime. Cefotaxime was the most active antibiotic of our study.

Aminoglycosides↗