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Biomedical subjects

G Perez

Publications and source records attributed to G Perez.

140 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Some peculiarities of the glucoregulatory response to glucose infusion in the rat.

The glucoregulatory response to the i.v. infusion of different doses of glucose and glucose plus insulin was studied in anesthetized rats by using the primed constant infusion of glucose-2-3H. Infusion of glucose at the rate of 10 mg/kg/min induced a rise of about 100% in blood glucose, while the hepatic release of glucose showed only a small and transient decrease. A proportional increase of glycemia and glucose utilization (Rd) was observed without any appreciable change in the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of glucose; a two-fold increase in plasma insulin was recorded at all times. In the group of rats receiving 20 mg/kg/min of glucose, changes in the above parameters were slightly greater; MCR showed a moderate increment in spite of the six-fold rise of plasma insulin. Finally, the influsion of large doses of insulin together with 20 mg/kg/min of glucose resulted in complete cessation of glucose release by the liver and in a remarkable increase of Rd and MCR. These results suggest a poor adaptability of the glucoregulatory system of the rat in response to glucose infusion as compared to other mammalian species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CD3+CD8+ cell levels as predictors of transmission in human immunodeficiency virus-infected couples: a report from the heterosexual HIV transmission study.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to identify in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals immunologic markers that correlated with transmission of HIV by heterosexual contact. METHODS: In a case-control comparison of couples, immunologic and viral parameters were evaluated in 343 HIV-positive individuals who were members of 67 HIV-seroconcordant couples (both partners HIV positive) and 211 HIV serodiscordant couples (one positive, one negative). RESULTS: The most striking immunologic finding was the increased numbers of CD3+CD8+ cells found in the index member of discordant couples as compared to the index member of the concordant couples. Differences in CD3+CD8+ levels persisted after adjustment for stage of disease and CD3+CD4+ count. This increase in the number of CD3+CD8+ cells was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the amount of viral replication measured by both HIV culture endpoint and quantitative RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CONCLUSION: Data presented here further support the role of CD3+CD8+ cells in suppressing or controlling viral activity, although a causal role based on case-control data must be advanced cautiously. This in vivo biologic function may help prevent or lower the risk of HIV transmission.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Herpes simplex type II and Mycoplasma genitalium as risk factors for heterosexual HIV transmission: report from the heterosexual HIV transmission study.

OBJECTIVES: Two hundred twenty-four human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) discordant couples (one HIV negative, one HIV positive) were compared with 78 seroconcordant heterosexually infected couples with HIV with regard to sexually transmitted diseases. METHODS: Serologic testing and cultures were used to determine exposure of participants to sexually transmitted pathogens. These data were compared with HIV concordance of partners to investigate possible risk factors for HIV transmission. RESULTS: Syphilis, chlamydia, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) serologies did not distinguish between concordant and discordant couples nor did cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas or Chlamydia enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Risk of transmission increased with positive serologies for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 (P = 0.002), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (P = 0.04), and Mycoplasma genitalium (P = 0.01), but not with Mycoplasma fermentans or Mycoplasma penetrans. Cytomegalovirus was not a significant risk factor when controlled for HSV-2 status. Examination by partner status showed increased risk of concordance with: HSV-2 positive serology in both partners (odds ratio [OR] = 3.14; confidence interval [CI] = 1.62-6.09; P = 0.007); HSV-2 in female secondary partner (OR = 2.10; CI = 1.12-3.93; P = 0.02) or the male primary partner (OR = 2.15; CI = 1.15-4.02; P = 0.017); M. genitalium antibody in both partners (OR = 3.44; CI = 1.68-7.04; P < 0.001); M. genitalium antibody in the primary male partner (OR = 2.51, CI = 1. 27-4.91; P = 0.008) and M. genitalium antibody in the secondary female partner (OR = 2.52; CI = 1.21-5.23; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the role of HSV-2 in transmission of HIV and, for the first time, suggest a role for M. genitalium as an independent risk factor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Challenges to participating in a lifestyle intervention program: the Native American Diabetes Project.

PURPOSE: This paper describes the factors that American Indian teachers in the Native American Diabetes Project (NADP) reported affected participation in the NADP lifestyle education sessions. METHODS: A postsession exit interview was conducted with each of the 7 mentors (teachers) of the NADP sessions. Interview questions addressed general perceptions of the sessions, factors that kept participants from coming to the sessions, and attitudes toward diabetes and persons with diabetes. Interviews were transcribed and responses reflecting factors related to participation were marked and organized into topic areas. RESULTS: Mentors reported a range of factors that affected participation in the sessions, such as conflicts with community activities and beliefs/attitudes about diabetes. The latter factor includes program knowledge, recruitment methods, attitudes toward the program, and beliefs about diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Asking community members what factors they believe affect participation is an important component of increasing participation in community-based programs. Community members can provide a valuable personal perspective of actual and potential conflicts in the community.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Participant satisfaction with a culturally appropriate diabetes education program: the Native American Diabetes Project.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to report on participant satisfaction with the Native American Diabetes Project diabetes education program. METHODS: A questionnaire was designed to measure satisfaction among participants in the diabetes education program, which consisted of five sessions designed according to the Transtheoretical Model of Change and Social Action Theory with input from community members. Eight pueblo communities participated in the program. Sessions were taught by community mentors in three sites in New Mexico. One site taught sessions in a one-on-one format, and two sites taught sessions in a group format. RESULTS: The results showed that participant satisfaction did not vary based on session delivery type or by session site. Overall, participants responded positively to sessions designed according to Social Action Theory and with cultural competency. Retention rates for the sessions were 81% for group sessions and 91% for one-one-one sessions. CONCLUSIONS: Using a strong theoretical framework and community input to design diabetes education sessions may be important factors in participant satisfaction and retention in diabetes lifestyle education sessions.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The fluorimetric determination of dabequin in biological fluids].

A study of dabequin was performed to define its possible quantification by spectrofluorimetry. By this technique, dabequin was shown to present maximum excitation and emission wave length at 400 and 450 nm, respectively. Drug emission was determined at different concentrations of sulfuric acid and no changes were observed. Two quantification procedures are compared to determine, which one produces better results in quantifying total serum and blood levels in patients. Specificity of a thin-layer chromatography method, as well as the drug stability in 0.05 M sulfuric acid medium are shown.

Aminoquinolines↗